Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027497 (nausea)
 23,468 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Forty Japanese patients with primary malignant tumors of the small intestine were reviewed. Adenocarcinoma was the most common tumor type comprising 19 patients (47%), followed by malignant lymphoma, 11 (30%), leiomyosarcoma, 8 (20%) and carcinoid tumor, 1 (3%). Adenocarcinomas and leiomyosarcomas were primarily located in the duodenum or jejunum, whereas lymphomas were more common in the jejunum or ileum. Abdominal pain (65%) and nausea or vomiting (35%) were the most common symptoms with these tumors. Barium contrast studies were able to detect 83% of these tumors. Our results also suggest that computed tomography and ultrasonography are not reliable for diagnosing jejunal tumors while superior mesenteric angiography is effective for diagnosing ileal tumors. The duodenal and ileal tumors tended to metastasize to lymph nodes while jejunal ones tended to penetrate the serosa or to disseminate into the peritoneal cavity. The percentage of tumors potentially cured by surgery and the 5 year survival rates of the leiomyosarcomas (75% and 57%, respectively) were higher than those of adenocarcinomas (42% and 10%, respectively) and lymphomas (42% and 32%, respectively).
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PMID:Primary malignant tumors of the small intestine: analysis of 40 Japanese patients. 161 34

A 78-year-old man was admitted to our hospital with dyspnea in June 1988, and diagnosed as having small-cell lung carcinoma by cytological findings of pleural effusion. He was treated three times with CAV (cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine) therapy and a partial response was achieved. In March 1989, he was again admitted complaining of right dull hypochondralgia accompanied by enlargement of primary tumor in the right lower lobe of the lung and metastases to mediastinal and intraabdominal lymph nodes. Because it was an aged and recurrent case, he was treated with continuous five-day infusion of etoposide, 30 mg/m2/day and CDDP, 18.5 mg/m2/day. After the second course, subjective symptoms clearly disappeared and swelling of mediastinal and intraabdominal lymph nodes was markedly reduced on computed tomography. No severe side effects except for moderate myelosuppression, alopecia and nausea were observed. This regimen appears useful in the treatment of small-cell lung carcinoma in elderly patients.
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PMID:[Successful treatment of a pretreated elderly case of small-cell lung carcinoma with continuous five-day intravenous infusion of cisplatin plus etoposide]. 165 91

Most of the symptoms from a malignant tumor are caused by local invasion by the tumor, or obstruction, either at the site of the primary disease or by metastases. However, tumors can produce symptoms at a remote site. Patients with gastrointestinal malignancy may present with symptoms which include dysphagia, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea, bleeding and ascites. Palliation gastrectomy delays or prevents these symptoms. About 30% of gastric carcinomas are inoperable at the time of presentation. Chemotherapy is rarely effective in the palliation of gastric carcinoma. Laser irradiation can be delivered to assay site accessible to fibreoptic endoscopy, which is an advantage over endocavity irradiation or diathermy fulguration. Ascites is a common and disabling implication in patients with advanced malignant disease. Spironolactone will increase urinary sodium excretion significantly and control their ascites. If spironolactone fails to control, useful control can be achieved by draining the ascites. Patients with carcinoma of the lung may present with symptoms that include cough, bloody sputum and dyspnoea. Pain in the chest wall is usually secondary to invasion of the parietal pleura, ribs or intercostal nerves. Lesions in the medial portion of the right upper lobe, or mediastinal metastases, may invade or compress the superior vena cava, causing venous hypertension with oedema of the head and arms. The patients may complain of dyspnoea, dysphagia, stridor and headaches. Radiotherapy can be expected to improve the quality of life for these patients. Successful palliation of symptoms is almost related to tumor regression. The problems of obstruction and bleeding from malignant tumor is common. Recently, laser techniques have been applied to aid in palliation of these problems. Malignant effusion may occur early and be the first signs of metastases. The aim of therapy is to evacuate the fluid and induce pleural adhesion. One of the sad situations that we have to face is the patient with recurrent cancer which complains of various symptoms. The relief of symptoms is the most important palliative therapy to them.
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PMID:[Palliative therapy in cancer. 3. Palliation of the symptoms from a malignant tumor (1)]. 169 82

Since 1985 44 consecutive patients with testicular cancer have been treated with a modified BEP regimen. 70% had metastatic disease and 30% received adjuvant therapy. After mean follow-up of 26 (8-56) months, 91% of patients are alive and all are in remission. Chemotherapy-related side effects were alopecia (100%), myelosuppression (100%), nausea/vomiting (89%) and fever (66%). Patients reported nausea has been rare. It is concluded that BEP chemotherapy is a highly effective treatment which secures complete remission or cure even in patients with advanced metastatic disease. In retrospect the patients considered the treatment worthwhile despite the stress involved.
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PMID:[BEP-chemotherapy in patients with testicular tumors--is it worthwhile?]. 170 33

A 50-year-old female was admitted because of nausea, vomiting, and cerebellar ataxia. Computed tomography scan revealed an enhanced mass accompanied with a cyst in the right cerebellar hemisphere. The mass situated in the subcortical region was removed. Histologically, highly vascular tumor cells lined the cavities. Postoperative radio- and chemotherapy were administered and the clinical symptoms improved gradually. Two months later, the patient complained of dyspnea. Chest X-ray on second admission demonstrated cardiomegaly. Hemorrhagic pericardial effusion amounting to 1000 ml was aspirated by pericardial puncture. Papillary clusters of tumor cells were demonstrated in the pericardial effusion. The patient died of cardiac failure. At necropsy solid tumors were located in the heart, lung, left inguinal region, and cerebellum. Histological diagnosis was mesothelioma arising from the heart. Primary pericardial mesotheliomas are rare; approximately 106 cases have been reported. Pericardial mesothelioma frequently spreads to the adjacent pleura and mediastinum, but distant metastases are extremely rare because patients with pericardial mesothelioma tend to die early due to cardiac failure or cardiac tamponade.
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PMID:[Brain metastasis from primary pericardial mesothelioma. Case report]. 170 70

Thirty-six patients with advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN) were treated with a regimen including cisplatinum (CP) 30 mg/m2 i.v., 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) 500 mg/m2 i.v. bolus, folinic acid (FA) 200 mg/m2 i.v. in a continuous one-hour infusion, and bleomycin (B) 15 mg i.m. on the first and second days and repeated every 28 days. Thirty-three patients (25 with recurrent disease and 8 untreated) are evaluable for objective response. Of these, 4 (12%) achieved CR and 15 (45%) PR. All of the untreated patients responded. The mean duration of response in the patients with recurrent or metastatic disease was 5.5 months (range 2-10+). Remission of symptoms, such as pain and dysphagia, was obtained in 58% and in 44%, respectively. Subjective remission occurred almost exclusively in objectively responsive patients. The major side effects were leukopenia (55%) and nausea/vomiting (58%). This regimen is active in the treatment of advanced SCCHN. The quality of life may be improved in responsive patients.
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PMID:5-fluorouracil + folinic acid with cisplatinum and bleomycin in the treatment of advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. 172 18

The activity of cisplatin and a 120-hour continuous infusion of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) was evaluated in 25 patients with metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Cisplatin 100 mg/m2 and 5-FU 1000 mg/m2/day by continuous infusion for 120 hours were given via an implanted venous access device and ambulatory infusion pump. Eighteen (72%) patients had multiple sites of metastases and seven (28%) patients had only bony metastases. Subjective responses in terms of pain relief and improvement in performance status were seen in 21 (84%) patients. Overall objective response was seen in 19 (76%) patients with two complete remissions (CR) and 17 partial remissions (PR). Locoregional disease responded more completely and rapidly than bony or visceral metastases. Toxicities included nausea, vomiting, neuropathy and one septic death. Cisplatin and 5-FU by continuous infusion represent an effective treatment for metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
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PMID:Cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil continuous infusion for metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma. 178 42

We report our experience of the presentation and management of symptomatic hypercalcaemia in advanced lung cancer. Between 1981 and 1987, 55 patients required urgent admission due to rapid clinical deterioration accompanied by significant hypercalcaemia (greater than 2.75 mmol l-1). Forty patients (72%) had squamous cell cancer, five small cell, three large cell, two adenocarcinoma and five unclassified. Thirty-five had evidence of bony metastases. Symptoms were categorized for each patient on the basis of being either potentially attributable to hypercalcaemia or not. All patients were rehydrated but specific treatment schedules over the period varied [1981-1985: steroids, calcitonin, mithramycin; 1985-1987: aminohydroxypropylidene bisphosphonate (APD)]. Treatment resulted in a significant reduction in the prevalence of all systems except for pain and nausea/vomiting; the greatest effect being seen on central nervous system and renal tract symptoms (75 and 80% reduction respectively; P less than 0.005 pre- versus post-treatment). Overall, 45 patients (82%) had a biochemical response; serum calcium fell from 3.28 +/- 0.33 mmol l-1 (mean +/- SE) to a nadir of 2.54 +/- 0.36 mmol l-1 (P less than 0.001). Twenty-five (49%) patients were discharged home. We conclude that despite the poor life expectancy of this group of patients (median survival 42 days) treatment of hypercalcaemia is worthwhile as it results in a significant symptomatic improvement.
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PMID:Symptomatic hypercalcaemia in lung cancer. 183 17

In a dose escalation study, CIS-diamminedichloroplatinum II (cisplatin) was combined with a standard dose of external beam irradiation in 15 patients with localized non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and 16 patients with fixed or recurrent localized adenocarcinoma of the rectum. Cisplatin was given 5 days a week during irradiation using an outpatient portable infusion pump system, at doses of 3.2 mg/m2/24 hr in 15 patients, 4.0 mg/m2/24 hr in 13 patients, and 5.0 mg/m2 24 hr in 3 patients. Twelve of 15 patients with NSCLC received 66 Gy in 33 fractions in 6 1/2 weeks; one received 46 Gy followed by a surgical resection; for the other two patients treatment was discontinued after 50 Gy and 64 Gy, respectively, because they developed distant metastases. The 16 patients with rectal carcinoma received a preoperative dose to the pelvis of 45 Gy in 25 fractions in 5 weeks. Of 12 patients who underwent laparotomy, 10 had a surgical resection, 2 with close or positive surgical margins. Four patients who had resections received an intraoperative electron boost. Of the two patients who did not undergo resection at laparotomy, one received an intraoperative electron boost, the other a boost with interstitial iridium-192. Among the four patients with rectal adenocarcinoma who were not candidates for surgery because of advanced local disease, two had further external beam therapy up to 59.4 Gy, and two had no further therapy. Major toxicity was site-specific, with esophagitis predominating in the patients with NSCLC, diarrhea in the patients with rectal carcinoma, and nausea experienced by both. Cisplatin dose and toxicity seemed to be related. The maximum tolerated dose for low-dose continuous infusion cisplatin given 5 days/week in these patients was 3.2 mg/m2/24 hr combined with 66 Gy in patients with NSCLC and 4.0 mg/m2/24 hr combined with 45 Gy in patients with rectal carcinoma.
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PMID:Low-dose continuous infusion cisplatin combined with external beam irradiation for advanced colorectal adenocarcinoma and unresectable non-small cell lung carcinoma. 165 11

This paper describes a randomised clinical trial in patients with advanced breast cancer, comparing the regimen 3M, mitomycin C 7-8 mg m-2 (day 1), mitozantrone 7-8 mg m-2 (day 1 and 21), methotrexate 35 mg m-2 (day 1 and 21) given on a 42 day cycle with a standard anthracycline containing regimen, VAC, vincristine 1.4 mg m-2 (day 1), anthracycline (adriamycin or epirubicin) 30 mg m-2 (day 1), cyclophosphamide 400 mg m-2 (day 1) given on a 21 day cycle. Of a total of 217 patients, 107 were randomised to 3M and 110 to VAC and a mean of 5.5 courses was given per patient. The overall response rate (complete and partial) was 53% (95% Confidence Limits (CL): 43-62%) for 3M and 49% (CL; 39-58%) for VAC. The response according to sites of metastases was the same for both treatment groups. Symptomatic toxicity including alopecia, neuropathy, vomiting (P less than 0.001) and nausea (P less than 0.01) were significantly less for 3M. Myelosuppression including leucopenia (P less than 0.001) and thrombocytopenia (P less than 0.001) was significantly greater with 3M at day 21, although there was no difference in nadir counts in patients at special risk of myelosuppression and there was no evidence of an increase in infective or bleeding complications. There was no significant difference in the duration of response to 3M (10 months, CL 6-15) and VAC (11 months, CL 7-12), nor in survival (3M, 8 months, CL 6-12; VAC, 10 months, CL 8-12). These results indicate that 3M is as effective as, but has significantly less symptomatic toxicity than, an anthracycline containing regimen for the treatment of advanced breast cancer.
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PMID:A randomised trial comparing combination chemotherapy using mitomycin C, mitozantrone and methotrexate (3M) with vincristine, anthracycline and cyclophosphamide (VAC) in advanced breast cancer. 189 75


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