Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027497 (nausea)
 23,468 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Estracyt, a conjugate of an alkylating agent with an oestrogenic sterol, was given in a dose of 420 mg daily to a group of 44 postmenopausal patients with very advanced breast carcinoma. Thirty-eight of these were in relapse following chemotherapy and 32 had evidence of distant metastases. Seventeen patients had an objective response and marked or complete alleviation of symptoms, four others had a useful symptomatic response but no beneficial effect was observed in the remainder. Three who had shown no response to previous oestrogen therapy also failed to respond to Estracyt as did all nine patients with hepatic metastases. Oestrogen receptor status and age within the postmenopausal group seemed to have no bearing on the result. Side-effects were minimal with nausea in 18 patients but in only two did this necessitate withdrawal of the drug. Bone marrow depression did not occur. Changes in acute-phase reactant proteins suggested that part of the Estracyt was de-esterified in the liver liberating oestrone but the low incidence of vaginal haemorrhage and the recalcification of bony metastases suggested that on the whole Estracyt behaves as an anti-oestrogen as well as an antimitotic.
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PMID:Estracyt in advanced carcinoma of the breast: a phase II study. 8 4

Fifteen patients with widespread painful osseous metastases from breast cancer unresponsive to other systemic therapy were treated with mithramycin at dose levels usually used for treating Paget's disease. Ten patients had relief of pain, which was marked and rapid in onset in seven. Mobility was greatly improved in four patients. Healing of bone lesions did not occur and new lesions developed while treatment was being given. Clinical response was associated with a decrease in plasma alkaline phosphatase. Toxicity was mild and consisted of nausea in most patients and a slight decrease in platelet count in one patient. Mithramycin is a useful agent for palliation of painful bone metastases and should be considered for further trials of combination chemotherapy for advanced breast cancer with bone metastases.
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PMID:Effect of mithramycin on widespread painful bone metastases in cancer of the breast. 9 11

Results of treatment for osteosarcoma of the extremity have been poor with metastases usually causing death within 2 years following diagnosis. Because of the great risk of development of metastases, 20 patients have received adjuvant chemotherapy with Adriamycin, cyclophosphamide and high-dose methotrexate-leucovorin rescue for up to 12 months following amputation for osteosarcoma. Sixteen of these patients are surviving; 11 are free of evident tumor from 6 to 34 months following amputation. Five patients were found to have pulmonary metastases while receiving chemotherapy and three patients developed metastases following completion of chemotherapy. One patient died following her third treatment with high-dose methotrexate-leucorovin rescue. Other toxicity included nausea, vomiting, mucosal ulcerations, infections, hematologic abnormalities, changes in kidney and liver functions tests, and minor coagulation abnormalities. The natural history of osteosarcoma may have been modified by the use of these agents for periods exceeding the median time to predicted detection of pulmonary metastases. Microscopic metastases of some patients were eradicated by this adjuvant chemotherapy. For patients who developed metastases, these metastases were delayed in their time of detection and in their number at the time of detection.
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PMID:Adjuvant multiple drug chemotherapy for osteosarcoma of the extremity. 29 29

In a controlled, prospectively randomized trial, 74 patients with hepatic metastases from colorectal cancer were randomized to either intra-arterial hepatic artery infusion with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) or systemic chemotherapy with 5-FU. In 61 acceptable patients, there was no significant difference in terms of response rate, time to progression, duration of the response, and survival rate. Though the response rate for the intra-arterial infusion arm was slightly higher than for the systemic arm, the difference was not significant, and the intra-arterial infusion arm was associated with a greater incidence of nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, in addition to complications of femoral-arterial thrombosis, bleeding, and infection at the catheter site not seen in patients treated by systemic chemotherapy. Patients with an objective response to chemotherapy on either treatment arm survived twice as long as the nonresponders. Long-term survival in one patient, 77 months, can occasionally be achieved in patients with hepatic metastases.
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PMID:Results of a prospective randomized study of hepatic artery infusion with 5-fluorouracil versus intravenous 5-fluorouracil in patients with hepatic metastases from colorectal cancer: A Central Oncology Group study. 38 74

Gastrointestinal metastases secondary to bronchogenic carcinoma are relatively uncommon and most are found incidentally at autopsy examination in patients with advanced or widely disseminated lung cancer. Occasionally gastrointestinal metastases occurr relatively early in the course of the disease and give rise to a variety of clinical symptoms and radiological abnormalities. Recognition of these abnormalities is important in order that appropriate palliative therapy may be undertaken. The clinical. radiological and pathological findings in 12 patients with symptomatic gastrointestinal metastases secondary to bronchogenic carcinoma were reviewed. Clinical symptoms varied according to the site of metastatic involvement and included dysphagia, epigastric pain, nausea, vomiting, gastrointestinal bleeding, anaemia and signs of intestinal obstruction or perforation. The sites of metastatic involvement were: oesphagogastric junction (2 cases); stomach (2 cases); duodenum (1 case): jejunum (3 cases); ileum (2 cases), colon (2 cases). The radiological findings are discussed and illustrated.
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PMID:Symptomatic gastrointestinal metastases secondary to bronchogenic carcinoma. 63 63

Twenty-two patients with cutaneous metastases of malignant melanoma were treated with intralesional injections of the methanol extraction residue of bacillus Calmette-Guerin (MER). The local reaction consisted of erythema and pustule formation followed by ulceration and tumor necrosis. Side effects included fever, chills, headache and malaise in the majority of patients; nausea, vomiting, cyanosis and hypotension occurred infrequently. Hypersensitivity reactions were not observed. Temporary abnormalities in liver function were seen in 11 of 19 patients tested. Reversible lymphopenia and thrombocytopenia developed in 7 of 17 and 7 of 18 patients, respectively. Immune function, as measured by skin tests for delayed hypersensitivity and the in vitro response of isolated lymphocytes to mitogens and microbial antigens, was not influenced by treatment with MER. Transient increases were observed in total hemolytic complement, complement components and the reduction of nitroblue-tetrazolium by neutrophils. Eight of eighteen evaluable patients showed a complete disappearance of all injected lesions. We conclude that intratumoral injection of MER is effective treatment for cutaneous metastases of malignant melanoma, with a complete response rate comparable to that observed after intralesional injection of BCG.
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PMID:Intralesional injection of the methanol extraction residue of Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (MER) into cutaneous metastases of malignant melanoma. 72 66

Immunotherapy of malignant melanoma with BCG may be divided into two basic groups: 1. treatment of minimum residual disease. 2. direct intralesional application of BCG. In 19 patients with a histologically confirmed malignant melanoma, direct intralesional application of BCG was used to treat relapsing patients. In 10 of the 19 patients (group A) the relapse was confined to the primary region without signs of distant dissemination. In the remaining 9 patients (group B) signs of the lesion were present prior to BCG application. Our clinical and cytological evaluation bore on local reactions, systemic side reactions and response of non-injected lesions. In patients without signs of distant dissemination, local regression, characterized by a flattening and disappearance of lenticular metastases with scar formation, was achieved in 8/10 patients, while in the noninjected lesions, regression was noted in only 4/10 patients. In 4 patients of group A complete remission lasting 4-6 months was achieved. In the group of patients with signs of distant dissemination, local regression was observed in 6/9, while noninjected lesion regressed in only 1/9. Systemic response to BCG was characterized by febrile reactions with, in the majority of the patients, nausea till vomiting, muscular pain, pain of joints. In the majority of the patients the reaction passed away within 24 hr. A pretreatment with antipyretic and antihistaminic drugs proved of great help. The effect of BCG on the subsequent fate and survival of the patients is not discussed.
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PMID:Intralesional BCG application in malignant melanoma. 79 45

150 cases of prostate cancer treated with estrogens at the Urology clinic of the Hotel-Dieu from 1963 to 1974 are presented. The men ranged in age from 50 to 91; the majority were 60-69 years. Their clinical stages were 29% Stage 1, no perceptible mass; 43% Stage 2, nodule felt on rectal exam; 13% Stage 3, tumor extended outside the prostate but not metastases, normal prostatic phosphatases; and 15% Stage 4, elevated prostatic phasphatases and metastases. Diagnosis was by urinary symptoms in Stage 2 or above, rectal palpation, and puncture biopsy under local anesthesia. Estrogen treatment consisted of diethylstilbestrol, stilbelstrol diphosphate or TACE (Chlorotraianisene), or estradiol. Estrogen side effects were loss of libido after 1 month, gynecomastia, and nausea. Other treatments included prostatectomy in Stages 1 and 2, cobalt in 5 cases, castration in 3 cases, 1 endo-uretral resection, and 1 hypophysectomy. 50% died in 1 year and 16% were lost to follow up and presumed dead in 1 year; the mean survival of the others was 3 years. Estrogen therapy improved symptoms and reversed tumor growth temporarily in hormone-dependent cancers, but these tumors all escape hormone control eventually.
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PMID:[Course of prostate cancer under estrogen therapy]. 87 31

Corynebacterium parvum, a Gram-positive anaerobic bacillus thought to be a strong immunological stimulant, has been shown to decrease tumour growth and prolong survival in patients with metastatic disease. Study of the effect of a single injection of a strain of C. parvum (CN. 6134) in six patients with stage IV metastatic breast cancer is reported. Results of laboratory tests to judge the physical and immunological effects of the drug infusion 24 hr post-treatment and weekly thereafter for 3 weeks are evaluated. Within 24 hr after C. parvum administration, most patients experienced fever and nausea. Blood counts and differential counts exhibited increased values 24 hr after treatment with a strong shift to the left. Lymphocyte and monocyte counts were greatly depressed at 24 hr. T-cell numbers in peripheral blood did not appear to be altered, but the picture with regard to B cells was less clear. Normal count was recovered by day 8. It appears that intravenous administration of C. parvum produces a temporary marked immunological depression which returns to essentially normal values in 8 days. The return to normal may be accompanied by resolution of the endotoxin-like syndrome of side-effects. Further study of patients receiving this therapeutic agent is important to detect enhancement of the anti-tumour immunological response precipitated.
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PMID:The effect of Corynebacterium parvum on the humoral and cellular immune systems in patients with breast cancer. 108 21

We describe our experience with BEP (bleomycin, etoposide, cisplatin) therapy as chemotherapy for testicular tumors in 11 patients. Eight were non-seminomatous testicular cancer patients and 3 were seminoma patients. Three of 8 non-seminomatous testicular cancer patients had no evident metastasis and BEP therapy was performed for prophylaxis of recurrence. Other 5 non-seminomatous testicular cancer patients and 3 seminoma patients had metastatic lesions and BEP therapy was performed to cure these metastatic lesions. Ten of our 11 patients are living and disease-free. One non-seminomatous testicular cancer patient who had brain, lung, eye and bladder metastases and had an extremely elevated human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) level responded only partially and died later due to disease progression. Side effects in most patients were nausea, vomiting, alopecia and leucopenia and all these side effects were reversible. Neuromuscular toxicity such as paresthesia or abdominal cramp that is sometimes encountered in PVB (cisplatin, vinblastine, bleomycin) therapy was not seen in our patients. Our results support the concept that BEP therapy is better than PVB therapy as an initial chemotherapy for testicular tumors.
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PMID:[BEP (bleomycin, etoposide, cisplatin) therapy for testicular tumors]. 128 74


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