Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027497 (nausea)
 23,468 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A 37-year-old woman with a chief complaint of nausea, headache and, prolonged menses was diagnosed with thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura based on a peripheral smear with active microangiopathic hemolytic anemia and a platelet count of 4,000/mm3. Her past medical history was significant for several conditions including multiple sclerosis, Bell's palsy, Raynaud's syndrome and HELLP syndrome. In retrospect, it appears that this patient's clinical history was most consistent with one unifying diagnosis, chronic thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. Physicians should search for the elusive clinical and laboratory clues for chronic thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura that can masquerade as other disease entities.
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PMID:Chronic thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura masquerading as other disease entities. 944 83

A broad range of therapeutic applications has been suggested for cannabis or its pharmacologically active compound (tetrahydrocannabinol; THC) in many publications. Psychotropic side effects and the anecdotal character of the research have limited the pharmacotherapeutic use of THC until now. Therefore, the Netherlands Health Council recently decided negatively on this matter. Besides several cannabinoid receptor subtypes present in the central nervous system and peripheral tissues endogenous cannabinoids have been detected. These endogenous cannabinoids appear to play an important role in signal transduction, which may be starting points for therapy regarding: cardiovascular diseases, multiple sclerosis and spinal cord disorders. cerebrovascular accident and brain trauma, neurodegenerative diseases, epilepsy, pain management, glaucoma, oncologic and aids-related disorders such as nausea, vomiting and appetite problems.
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PMID:[Therapeutic applications and biomedical effects of cannabinoids; pharmacological starting points]. 954 85

Depression is common in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients, but tricyclic compounds are not well tolerated and newer antidepressants have not been studied. Effects of 150-400 mg/day of moclobemide, a reversible monoamine oxidase A inhibitor, were studied in a 3-month open design in 10 MS patient with DSM-IV-diagnosed depression. Nine patients reached complete remission. No adverse effects were noted. Four patients reported side effects including nausea and insomnia. The authors conclude that moclobemide is a well tolerated and efficient treatment for depression comorbid with MS.
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PMID:Moclobemide treatment in multiple sclerosis patients with comorbid depression: an open-label safety trial. 1033

The patient is a 72-year-old man who had tonsillitis and underwent incision on March 6, 1998. He complained headache and nausea from March 10 and double vision from March 12. He was admitted to our hospital on March 14. Neurological examination on March 18 revealed bilateral internuclear ophthalmoplegia with exotropia (WEBINO), bilateral ptosis and disturbance of convergence. Lumbar puncture revealed moderately elevated protein (46 mg/dl) with normal pressure and cells. The T2-weighted images of head MRI showed multiple high intensity lesions in anterior commissure and right pons. After he was treated with methylprednisolone, his headache and ptosis disappeared. The lesion in anterior commissure on MRI disappeared also. But WEBINO remained at the time of discharge. WEBINO syndrome is caused by lesion of pons and midbrain. The most common cause of bilateral internuclear ophthalmoplegia is multiple sclerosis in the European and American countries, but the frequency of vascular origin is higher in Japan than in the European and American countries. All the cases of WEBINO syndrome reported in Japan are vascular origin. This is the first case of WEBINO syndrome not of vascular origin.
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PMID:[A case of post-infectious wall-eyed bilateral internuclear ophthalmoplegia (WEBINO) syndrome]. 1042 55

The plant Cannabis sativa has a long history of medical use in the treatment of pain and spasms, the promotion of sleep, and the suppression of nausea and vomiting. However, in the early 70s cannabis was classified in the Narcotic Acts in countries all over the world as having no therapeutic benefit; therefore, it cannot be prescribed by physicians or dispensed by pharmacists. In the light of this contradictory situation an increasing number of patients practices a self-prescription with cannabis products for relieving a variety of symptoms. An anonymous standardized survey of the medical use of cannabis and cannabis products of patients in Germany, Austria and Switzerland was conducted by the Association for Cannabis as Medicine (Cologne, Germany). During about one year 170 subjects participated in this survey; questionnaires of 128 patients could be included into the evaluation. 68% of these participants were males, 32% females, with a total mean age of 37.5 (+/- 9.6) years. The most frequently mentioned indications for medicinal cannabis use were depression (12.0%), multiple sclerosis (10.8%), HIV-infection (9.0%), migraine (6.6%), asthma (6.0%), back pain (5.4%), hepatitis C (4. 8%), sleeping disorders (4.8%), epilepsy (3.6%), spasticity (3.6%), headache (3.6%), alcoholism (3.0%), glaucoma (3.0%), nausea (3.0%), disk prolapse (2.4%), and spinal cord injury (2.4%). The majority of patients used natural cannabis products such as marihuana, hashish and an alcoholic tincture; in just 5 cases dronabinol (Marinol) was taken by prescription. About half of the 128 participants of the survey (52.4%) had used cannabis as a recreational drug before the onset of their illness. To date 14.3% took cannabis orally, 49.2% by inhalation and in 36.5% of cases both application modes were used. 72.2% of the patients stated the symptoms of their illness to have 'much improved' after cannabis ingestion, 23.4% stated to have 'slightly improved', 4.8% experienced 'no change' and 1.6% described that their symptoms got 'worse'. Being asked for the satisfaction with their therapeutic use of cannabis 60.8% stated to be 'very satisfied', 24.0% 'satisfied', 11.2% 'partly satisfied' and 4.0% were 'not satisfied'. 70.8% experienced no side effects, 26.4% described 'moderate' and 3.3% 'strong' side effects. 84.1% of patients have not felt any need for dose escalation during the last 3 months, 11.0% had to increase their cannabis dose 'moderately' and 4.8% 'strongly' in order to maintain the therapeutic effects. Thus, this survey demonstrates a successful use of cannabis products for the treatment of a multitude of various illnesses and symptoms. This use was usually accompanied only by slight and in general acceptable side effects. Because the patient group responding to this survey is presumably highly selected, no conclusions can be drawn about the quantity of wanted and unwanted effects of the medicinal use of the hemp plant for particular indications.
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PMID:[Results of a standardized survey on the medical use of cannabis products in the German-speaking area]. 2146 33

Two young women with chronic nausea and vertigo caused by multiple sclerosis responded to the introduction and maintenance of the 5HT3 receptor antagonist, ondansetron. Palliative care is a neglected aspect of management of degenerative neurological diseases and these cases highlight the approaches that may be used to manage difficult symptoms in the population with multiple sclerosis.
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PMID:Ondansetron in multiple sclerosis. 1106 60

Dr. Leo Hollister's excellent article begins to address the need for better understanding of the effects of cannabis use on health. The last five years in the US have seen an increase in advocacy groups extolling the medicinal utility of cannabis. On 5 November 1996, this culminated in California (proposition 215) joining the list of states permitting the limited use of cannabis for the medicinal treatment of disorders including intractable pain, glaucoma, nausea induced by chemotherapy for cancer or by AZT or Foscavir for the treatment of AIDS, and for spasticity associated with multiple sclerosis (Burstein, 1997; West and Homi, 1996; Grinspoon and Bakalar, 1995; Nahas and Manger, 1995). Of these potential uses for cannabis, the evidence for the treatment of nausea and the stimulation of appetite in cachetic patients appears most promising (for a review see Voth and Schwartz, 1997). Yet not only do doubts remain about the effectiveness of cannabis for the treatment of these conditions, since definitive controlled clinical studies are typically lacking (Voelker, 1997), but there is concern that any therapeutic advantage is more than offset by its harmful effects. Within this context of increased medical sanction for the use of cannabis in specific disease states for which it may have therapeutic potential, evaluating its risks vs. benefits profile is essential to rational prescribing. In addition, evaluating the public health risks associated with reports of increased risks of cannabis use (Robertson et al., Poulton et al., 1997), is of concern to advocates of its widespread legalization, governmental agencies attempting to limit its promulgation, and to planners and providers of health care charged with providing treatment for its consequences.
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PMID:Comment on 'Health aspects of cannabis: revisited' (Hollister). 1128 48

Recent raids on buyers' clubs in San Francisco have focused attention on medicinal uses of marijuana. The Clinton administration's policy is that there is no scientific evidence that smoked marijuana is useful in treating pain and nausea in AIDS and cancer patients. However, mainstream medical literature has supported the use of cannabis in managing symptoms of diseases such as glaucoma and multiple sclerosis. Well designed, controlled studies of marijuana are needed to determine the effective medical uses of the drug and break the political stalemate on this issue.
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PMID:Medical marijuana: the state of the research. 1136 31

Phosphodiesterase (PDE) enzymes are responsible for the inactiviation of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP). Phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) is a cAMP specific phosphodiesterase expressed in inflammatory cells such as eosinophils. Inhibition of PDE4 results in an elevation of cAMP in these cells, which in turn downregulates the inflammatory response. The anti-inflammatory effects of PDE4 inhibitors have been well documented both in vitro and in vivo in a range of animal models. The potential use of PDE4 inhibitors as anti-inflammatory agents for the treatment of diseases such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and multiple sclerosis (MS), has received considerable attention from the pharmaceutical industry but to date, there are no selective PDE4 inhibitors on the market. Early PDE4 inhibitors, such as rolipram suffered from dose limiting side effects, including nausea and emesis, which severely restricted their therapeutic utility. Second generation compounds such as cilomilast have been identified with reduced side effect liability. Indeed, cilomilast is showing good therapeutic effects in clinical trials for asthma and COPD and represents the most advanced selective PDE4 inhibitor for any indication. The utility of this class of inhibitor in other inflammatory diseases is less well advanced. However, data in animal models of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and MS suggests that there is also significant potential for PDE4 inhibitors as treatments for these diseases and the results of clinical trials in these disease areas are eagerly awaited.
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PMID:Update on the therapeutic potential of PDE4 inhibitors. 1177 17

A double-blind clinical trial of mitoxantrone versus methylprednisolone was performed in 49 patients with relapsing, secondary multiple sclerosis. Patients were randomized to receive 13 infusions of mitoxantrone 12 mg/m2 (n = 28), or 13 infusions of 1 g of methylprednisolone (n = 21), over 32 months. Twenty-four patients completed the trial. There were no statistical differences between the two groups of patients at study entry. A significant improvement in the Expanded Disability Scale Score (EDSS) was observed in the mitoxantrone group after one year of treatment (p < 0.0022). The total number of relapses, the mean number of relapses/patient/year, and the total number of gadolinium-enhanced lesions on bi-annual MRI scans were significantly decreased in the mitoxantrone group throughout the study period. Nausea, vomiting, and alopecia were more frequent in the mitoxantrone-treated patients. Mitoxantrone has a role in the treatment of MS patients with frequent exacerbations and rapid disease progression.
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PMID:A double-blind clinical trial of mitoxantrone versus methylprednisolone in relapsing, secondary progressive multiple sclerosis. 1185 Oct 27


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