Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027497 (nausea)
 23,468 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A case of primary duodenal carcinoma simultaneously associated with an early gastric cancer is reported. A 72-year-old woman complaining of appetite loss and nausea was admitted in June 1988. Endoscopic examination showed an ulcerative lesion in the angle of the stomach and a Borrmann type 2 tumor in the bulb of the duodenum. Both lesions were revealed to be adenocarcinomas by histological examination of obtained biopsy specimens. Synchronous carcinoma was diagnosed and pancreatoduodenectomy and lymph node dissection were performed. The primary tumor of the duodenum was histologically a moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma, and the gastric cancer was a tumor limited to the mucosa. Metastasis was recognized in a regional lymph node (No. 14A). There has been no recurrence during the 4-year postoperative follow-up period. This result suggests that pancreatoduodenectomy with systematic regional lymph node dissection can greatly contribute to prolonging the survival of patients with advanced duodenal cancer. This case is very rare, in that curative operation was performed for a primary duodenal carcinoma simultaneously associated with an early gastric cancer.
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PMID:A case report of resected primary duodenal carcinoma associated with early gastric cancer and cumulative results at 21 institutions in Japan. 844 Apr 27

A 41-year-old woman diagnosed as gastric cancer with peritoneal dissemination was admitted for operation. Exploratory laparotomy was done and a reservoir was implanted with intraperitoneal catheter. At the operation, CDDP (100 mg) was administered intraperitoneally. Four days after the operation, continuous intravenous infusion of 5-FU (250 mg) was carried out. CDDP was administered every four weeks for 6 times and 5-FU continuously for 194 days. Grade 2 toxicity (nausea, vomiting) was noted without myelosuppression and renal disturbance. The general condition of the patient was fairly improved. PS (performance status) improved from Grade 3 to Grade 1. Combined therapy with repeated intraperitoneal CDDP administration and continuous intravenous infusion of 5-FU is effective and safe for gastric cancer with peritoneal dissemination based on biochemical modulation.
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PMID:[A case of unresectable gastric cancer responding to combined therapy with intraperitoneal cisplatinum administration and continuous intravenous infusion of 5-fluorouracil]. 860 23

A pharmacokinetic analysis of cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (II) (DDP) was conducted comparing low-dose daily bolus infusions, and high-dose drip infusions. Eight patients with gastric cancer were treated with low-dose daily bolus infusions of DDP to a total daily dose of 75 mg/m2 bid for 5 days. Four patients with esophageal cancer and one patient with gastric cancer were treated with high-dose drip infusions of DDP to a total daily dose of 70-80 mg/m2. Side effects were assessed in all the patients, and the platinum concentration in plasma was determined by an atomic absorption method. The peak plasma concentration (Cmax) and area under the curve (AUC) were calculated in four cases of the low-dose therapy, and three cases of the high-dose therapy. The side effects of DDP were evaluated according to the World Health Organization (WHO) grading, paying particular attention to nausea/vomiting, appetite loss, renal toxicity, and bone marrow suppression. The incidence of nausea/vomiting and appetite loss was significantly reduced with low-dose daily bolus infusions when compared to the high-dose drip infusions. Bone marrow toxicity and renal toxicity were similar with both administration methods, although hydration was required for the high-dose drip infusions to prevent renal toxicity. The peak plasma concentration (Cmax) of total and free platinum, and the area under the curve (AUC) of total platinum, were similar with both administration methods, while the AUC of free platinum was higher with the low-dose daily bolus infusions compared to the high-dose drip infusions. The time when the concentration of total platinum was > 1 microgram per ml (holding time) was significantly longer with the high-dose drip infusions than with the low-dose daily bolus infusions. The present study suggests that low-dose daily bolus infusions of DDP would be useful in reducing gastrointestinal toxicity, without reducing the area under the curve which is important for antitumor activity.
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PMID:Pharmacokinetics of cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (II) given as low-dose and high-dose infusions. 864 40

LY188011 (Gemcitabine hydrochloride) is a new derivative of deoxycytidine. Phase I study was carried out by a cooperative study group. LY188011 was administered weekly for 3 consecutive weeks starting with an initial dose of 60 mg/m2 (1n) and then increasing the dosage to 1,000 mg/m2 (16.7n). Dose limiting factor was found to be myelosuppression (decreases of WBC, neutrophils and platelet), and MTD was considered to be 1,000 mg/m2. The nadir of WBC and platelet were observed after about 1-3 weeks. It took 1-2 weeks for their recovery. Other adverse reactions included fever, fatigue, anorexia, nausea/vomiting, anemia and transient elevations of GOT and GPT. However, those adverse reactions were mild. T1/2 rho of plasma concentration was about 19 min and the C5min was dependent on the dose. Anti-cancer effects were observed in one gastric cancer and two colon cancer patients. It is recommended that the dosing schedule for an early phase II study is 800 mg/m2 weekly for 3 weeks with 1 week of rest as one cycle, in multiple cycles.
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PMID:[LY188011 phase I study. Research Group of Gemcitabine (LY188011)]. 868 15

Nedaplatin is a derivative of cisplatin which produced less nausea & vomiting and nephrotoxicity. In the phase I study, the MTD was 120 mg/m2 and the DLF was a bone marrow suppression. The optimal dose in a phase II study was judged to be 100 mg/m2 repeated every 4 weeks. In the phase II studies, response rates obtained were 42.2% for head & neck ca., 40.9% for small cell lung ca. (SCLC), 20.5% for non-SCLS (NSCLC), 12.5% for breast ca., 51.7% for esophageal ca., 8.3% for stomach cancer. 0 for colon ca., 38.1% for bladder ca., 14.3% for pyelo-ureter tract ca., 18.8% for prostatic ca., 80.0% for testicular tumor, 37.3% for ovarian ca., 46.3% for cervical ca. Grade 3.4 thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, anemia and nausea & vomiting were found in 28.5%, 21.1%, 16.8% and 18.5% respectively. In an additional phase II study for cervical ca. at a dose reduced to 80 mg/m2, a response rate was comparable together with less thrombocytopenia. In a randomized controlled study of nedaplatin plus vindesine vs. cisplatin plus vindesine in NSCLC, there was no significant difference in response, however mephro and G.I. toxicity were significantly less in the nedaplatin group. Thrombocytopenia was found more frequently in the nedaplatin groups. Based on the results, the indication was approved in ca. of the head & neck, SCLC, NSCLC, esophagus, bladder, testicular tumor, ovary and cervix. Dose schedule is 80 - 100 mg/m2 every 4 weeks at more 1,000 mL drip infusion repeated.
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PMID:[Nedaplatin]. 871 35

The aims of this study were (a) to estimate the prevalence of pain and eight other common symptoms in a large population of patients with advanced cancer from different palliative care centers, and (b) to assess the differences in prevalence of the symptoms by primary site. In 1990-1991, the prevalence of eight major symptoms and performance status were assessed prospectively among 1840 cancer patients in seven hospices in Europe, the United States, and Australia. The data were collected at each institution using structured data collection sheets from the World Health Organization's (WHO) Cancer and Palliative Care Unit. The prevalence of moderate to severe pain was 51%, ranging from 43% in stomach cancer to 80% in gynecological cancers. Nausea was most prevalent in gynecological (42%) and stomach (36%) cancers, and dyspnea (46%) in lung cancer. There were statistically significant differences in the prevalence of most symptoms depending on the primary site of cancer and the hospice. Population-based follow-up studies are needed to document the incidence and prevalence of symptoms throughout the course of the disease.
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PMID:Prevalence of symptoms among patients with advanced cancer: an international collaborative study. Symptom Prevalence Group. 871 10

We reported a 66-year-old male patient with advanced gastric cancer accompanied by multiple liver metastasis, who responded to combination chemotherapy using UFT, CDDP and etoposide. The patient was administered three courses of 600 mg/body UFT po daily, 50 mg/body CDDP iv and 50 mg/body etoposide iv on days 1 and 8 every 4 weeks. As a result, both the primary and metastatic tumors decreased remarkably in size. Adverse reactions were leukocytopenia (Grade 2), thrombocytopenia (Grade 1) and nausea (Grade 1). he is alive 16 months after the beginning of therapy in a condition of partial response (PR). This combination therapy seemed to be effective for advanced gastric cancer.
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PMID:[A case of advanced gastric cancer with multiple liver metastasis successfully treated with combination chemotherapy using UFT, CDDP and etoposide]. 888 50

An early phase II cooperative study of Gemcitabine Hydrochloride (abbreviated to "gemcitabine" herewith) was conducted in patients with a variety of solid tumors (i.e., lung cancer, gastric cancer, pancreatic cancer, colon/rectum cancer, cervical cancer, ovarian cancer and breast cancer) at 56 institutions. The aim of the first step (Step I) was to investigate the feasibility of gemcitabine in a variety of different solid tumors, including lung cancer regarding efficacy and safety. The aim of the second step (Step II) was as a result of step I (Responses were observed) to continue to investigate the efficacy and safety of gemcitabine in chemonaive patients with non-small cell lung cancer. As a Step I study, gemcitabine was administered once weekly at a dose of 800 mg/m2 for a consecutive 3-week period followed by a week of rest, in multiple courses. Among the 29 eligible patients with lung cancer, partial response (PR) was achieved in 3 patients (25.0%, 95% confidence interval: 5.5-57.2%) out of 12 chemonaive patients. Adverse reactions (grade 3 or higher) seen in 29 patients with lung cancer were neutropenia (27.6%), leukopenia (13.8%), decreased hemoglobin (13.8%), thrombocytopenia (10.3%), malaise (6.9%), anorexia (3.4%), nausea/vomiting (3.4%), diarrhea (3.4%), dyspnea (3.4%) and interstitial pneumonia (3.4%). In other types of solid tumors, PR was achieved in 2 (8.7%) out of 23 eligible patients with cervical cancer and in 1 (5.3%) of 19 eligible patients with ovarian cancer, while the use of analgesics became unnecessary in 1 patient with pancreatic cancer. Incidence as well as severity of main adverse reactions in these patients were comparable to those seen in patients with lung cancer. A Step II study, in which gemcitabine was administered once weekly at a dose of 1,000 mg/m2 to chemonaive patients with non-small cell lung cancer, was conducted, referring to the results of Step I and clinical studies conducted overseas. The results of the Step II study demonstrated PR in 5 (14.3%, 95% confidence interval: 4.8 - 30.3%) out of 35 eligible patients with non-small cell lung cancer and that the main adverse reactions were comparable to those seen in the Step I study, posing no tolerability problems in particular.
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PMID:[An early phase II study of gemcitabine hydrochloride (LY 188011). Gemcitabine Cooperative Study Group for Early Phase II]. 893 92

A 40-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital because of dysphagia and severe anemia (Hb 4.5 g/dl). She was diagnosed as having an advanced gastric cancer, which was unresectable because of liver metastasis, esophageal invasion and paraaortic lymph node metastasis. Combination chemotherapy with CDDP/5'-DFUR was started. CDDP of 80 mg/m2 was administered twice every 4 weeks by a 24-hour drip infusion method, and oral 5'-DFUR of 1,400 mg/m2 was administered for 4 days prior to the first administration of CDDP. Then, 5'-DFUR of 500 mg/m2 was given every day except for 7 days after the first administration of CDDP. Her performance status before the chemotherapy was 3, and improved to 1 a month after the first administration of CDDP. The patient was discharged very much improved on the 45th day after the first administration of CDDP. The side effect was nausea but tolerable. Six months after the first administration, her cancer disappeared on X-ray films, endoscopic and CT examinations. Her PS improved to 0, and she has remained alive with a good QOL for 10 months after the second administration of CDDP.
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PMID:[Unresectable gastric cancer followed by remarkably effective tumor disappearance and good quality of life for 10 months after CDDP/5'-DFUR combination chemotherapy--a case report]. 893 96

We tried home anti-cancer chemotherapy for patients with advanced or recurrent cancer of the digestive system, using two disposable balloon pumps connected to an implantable drug delivery system via central venous line. There were 33 patients under 75 years old, including 20 cases of gastric cancer, 9 cases of colorectal cancer, 2 cases of cholangiocarcinoma and 2 cases of esophageal cancer enrolled in this study. The protocol was combined chemotherapy with continuous intravenous infusion of 5-FU (300 mg/body/day) and low-dose intravenous injection of cisplatin (5 mg/body/day) in 10-day courses for two weeks, and it was repeated 3 times for 6 weeks. Because of side effects such as nausea, vomiting and bone marrow suppression, treatment was discontinued in 12 cases with peritoneal cancer infiltration. In two of 10 with estimable disease, the reduction of the metastatic lymph node was observed, but no effect was shown in the colorectal metastatic liver tumor. Thanks to the portability of the pump with this method, the patient need not undergo hospitalization. Moreover, there is no renal dysfunction or other major side effects, quality of life is not compromised and a return to family and social life is possible. Thus, if the patient cannot take the oral nutrition, it is easy to start home hyper-alimentation.
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PMID:[Trial of home anti-cancer chemotherapy with infusion of 5-FU and low-dose cisplatin]. 898 9


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