Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0027497 (nausea)
 23,468 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The recent successes being achieved with combination chemotherapy regimens, such as FAMTX (fluorouracil [5-FU], doxorubicin, methotrexate), EAP (etoposide, doxorubicin, cisplatin), and ELF (etoposide, leucovorin, 5-FU), strongly indicate that gastric cancer is chemosensitive. With these regimens, objective remission rates of more than 50% were recorded, including approximately 10% complete remissions (CRs). Moreover, some of these CRs were histopathologically confirmed. The finding that locally advanced disease (LAD) and technically unresectable disease could be rendered resectable by preoperative chemotherapy (EAP) was important. Thirty-six patients with LAD had been treated in a phase II trial with preoperative EAP, inducing 24 (70%) overall remissions (two clinical CRs, six pathologic CRs, 16 partial remissions [PRs] in 35 evaluable patients. Twenty-one patients were disease-free after chemotherapy with or without second-look surgery. The median survival time was 18 months for all patients and 24 months for disease-free patients. At 30+ months, 21% of all patients are still living disease-free. The expected survival of patients with unresectable LAD is approximately 4 to 6 months without any treatment and 6 to 9 months with standard chemotherapy. Compared with the latter results, the preoperative use of effective regimens (eg, EAP) seems to improve prognosis of patients with LAD. Moreover, such a multimodal approach may increase the number of long-term survivors among patients with resectable gastric cancer, especially those whose stage indicates a high risk of relapse (stages IIIa or IIIb). However, partly because of the severe toxicities (myelosuppression, nausea/vomiting), a considerable number of patients cannot be treated with these new regimens for the following reasons: Two of three patients with gastrointestinal disease are older than 60 years. Nontumorous diseases of the cardiovascular system, kidney, and others are frequent in this age group and may complicate or even prevent treatment with aggressive regimens. Considering the predominantly palliative treatment intentions in far advanced (metastasized) gastric cancer, regimens with low toxicities and acceptable activity should be preferred. For these reasons, we developed and investigated the combination ELF in a phase II trial in elderly patients (greater than 65 years) and in patients with cardiac risks who could not be treated with anthracyclines. The overall response rate in 51 evaluable patients was 53% (27 of 51) including six clinical CRs (12%). The median remission duration was 9.5 months and the median survival time was 11 months. Tolerability was excellent. Only 16% and 4% of patients, respectively, experienced WHO grades 3 and 4 leukopenia. Nausea/vomiting and mucositis/stomatitis were mild.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:New developments in the treatment of gastric carcinoma. 230 69

Forty-eight patients with advanced gastric cancer and measurable areas of malignant disease were treated with etoposide (130 mg/m2/day X 3 days) plus cisplatin (45 mg/m2day on days 2 and 3). Both drugs were given by constant intravenous infusion and repeated every 4 weeks. Common toxic reactions included nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, alopecia, peripheral neuropathy, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia. Most patients experienced severe but reversible toxic reactions. In 46 evaluable patients an overall objective regression rate of 28% was obtained with a median duration of regression of 4 months. Regression rates were only modestly reduced among patients with prior chemotherapy exposure (21%). Whereas this combination of etoposide and cisplatin does not appear to offer any major advantage over other single and combination regimens in the treatment of advanced gastric cancer, it shows definite activity and its lack of cross-resistance with other commonly used agents for this disease could indicate a possible role in new combination or sequential chemotherapy approaches. As an interesting sidelight, we found that 21% of our patients had elevated human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) levels, and among this group regression rates were higher than in HCG-negative patients. It would be of interest to extend these observations in other gastric carcinoma studies involving cisplatin regimens.
 ...
PMID:A phase II study of the combination of etoposide and cisplatin in the therapy of advanced gastric cancer. 231 Oct 61

A new dosage form of cisplatinum (CDDP), lactic acid oligomer microspheres incorporating cisplatinum (CDDP-ms), is designed to slowly release 70% of contained CDDP. CDDP-ms's acute toxicity is as low as 57% of the toxicity of CDDP aqueous solution, and its therapeutic efficacy is statistically significantly strong as compared with that of CDDP aqueous solution, when examined with experimental peritoneal carcinomatosis induced by mouse M5076 ovarian sarcoma. Clinical trials were carried out in 10 patients with malignant ascites (gastric cancer 6, pseudomyxoma peritonei 2, colon cancer 1, pancreas cancer 1) and in one patient with pleural effusion (lung cancer). CDDP-ms at 100 mg/person in terms of CDDP was injected at bolus into the affected cavity. In the 10 patients with ascites, 7 responded completely, two partially and one did not respond. The patient with pleural effusion responded partially. The response rate was 91%. Five of the 11 patients complained of temporary nausea or vomiting. In 5 patients fever higher than 38 degrees C was seen. No other side effect such as kidney, nor liver-damage or blood cell count abnormality was noted.
 ...
PMID:[Intracavitary microspheres incorporating cisplatinum in the treatment of malignant effusions--clinical trials]. 238 51

Fifteen patients with inoperable advanced gastric cancer were treated with UFT.etoposide.CDDP.adriamycin (FEPA). Six were males and 9 were females with an average age of 58 (range 40 to 80 years). Nine patients were in P.S. 2 and 6 in P.S. 3. FEPA regimen was performed every 4 weeks as follows: UFT 400 mg/m2 (p.o.) every day, etoposide 50 mg/m2 (i.v.), CDDP 25 mg/m2 (i.v.) and adriamycin 10 mg/m2 (i.v.) on days 1, 8, 15 and 22. Among 15 patients, 6 partial remissions and 4 minor responses were obtained. Gastrectomy was performed in 2 of 6 PR patients after FEPA chemotherapy. The overall response rate was 40.0%. As for side effects, mild myelosuppression was the most frequent (66.7%), followed by alopecia and nausea. We concluded that combination chemotherapy of FEPA is useful for inoperable advanced gastric cancer.
 ...
PMID:[Combination chemotherapy with UFT, etoposide, CDDP, adriamycin (FEPA) in advanced gastric cancer]. 250 65

Three hundred five patients with advanced pancreatic and gastric carcinoma were randomly assigned to treatment with fluorouracil, fluorouracil plus doxorubicin (Adriamycin) (FA), or fluorouracil plus doxorubicin plus mitomycin (mitomycin C) (FAM). All regimens were equivalent with regard to patient survival. There is no reasonable likelihood that either the FA or FAM regimen could produce a meaningful survival advantage over fluorouracil alone. Interval to disease progression, objective response rates, and palliative effects (improved performance, body weight, or symptoms) were essentially equivalent among the three regimens. With regard to toxicity, the FAM regimen produced more anorexia, nausea, vomiting, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, and cumulative bone marrow suppression. Fluorouracil alone produced more stomatitis and diarrhea. Because of a failure to produce improved survival or palliation, unrewarded toxicity, and excessive cost, neither the FA nor FAM regimen can be recommended for the treatment of advanced pancreatic or gastric cancer.
 ...
PMID:A comparison of three chemotherapeutic regimens in the treatment of advanced pancreatic and gastric carcinoma. Fluorouracil vs fluorouracil and doxorubicin vs fluorouracil, doxorubicin, and mitomycin. 257 57

Using patients with carcinomatous peritonitis caused by gastric cancer, we conducted a Phase II clinical study of LC 9018 by administering the agent alone or in combination with mitomycin C (MMC). Out of 29 patients enrolled, 12 were treated with LC 9018 alone and 17 others with LC 9018 + MMC. Of these, 15 cases were found completely evaluable. The response rate for 15 complete cases against carcinomatous peritonitis was 60.0% (3/5) for the group treated with LC9018 alone and 70.0% (7/10) with LC9018 + MMC. Of the 27 eligible patients, the ascites could be controlled in 58.3% (7/12) for those treated with LC9018 alone and 60.0% (9/15) for those with LC9018 + MMC, with tumor cells being eliminated in 50.0% (6/12) and 60.0% (9/15), respectively. Major adverse reactions included fever, nausea/vomiting, abdominal pain and increases in GOT and GPT. These findings suggest that LC9018 might be a useful therapeutic agent against carcinomatous peritonitis of gastric cancer whether used alone or in combination with MMC.
 ...
PMID:[Phase II clinical study of LC9018 on carcinomatous peritonitis of gastric cancer. Subgroup for Carcinomatous Peritonitis, Cooperative, Study Group of LC9018]. 266 Jul 50

A 67-year-old man was admitted in October 1987 with complaints of nausea, headache, dizziness and speech disturbance. Hematological examination showed pancytopenia. Bone marrow aspiration failed with a dry tap. A month later, the second aspiration showed hypocellular marrow containing 18.2% of lymphoma cells. Physical examination showed splenomegaly and lymph node swelling. Polyclonal hypergammaglobulinemia was not observed. A lymph node biopsy exhibited typical histology of immunoblastic lymphadenopathy (IBL)-like T cell lymphoma. Surface marker CD3 and CD4 positive cells were dominant. The patient complained of epigastric pain and occult blood was positive in stool. Gastrofiberscopic examination disclosed well differentiated adenocarcinoma in situ located on a polyp, and polypectomy was performed. Lymphoma was treated with cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vinblastine and prednisolone. Splenomegaly and lymph node swelling were reduced in size but the effect was temporary. Thereafter the patient has been treated with cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vindesine, prednisolone and etoposide every 3 weeks. This is our first case report of IBL-like T cell lymphoma associated with early gastric cancer.
 ...
PMID:[IBL-like T cell lymphoma associated with early gastric cancer: a case report]. 278 12

Twenty-six patients with unresectable gastric cancer, divided into two groups, were treated with combination chemotherapy of FEP (14 patients) or FAP (12 patients). The FEP regimen performed every 4 weeks was as follows: UFT 400 mg/m2 (p.o.) everyday, etoposide 50 mg/m2 (i.v.) and CDDP 30 mg/m2 (i.v.) on days 1, 8 and 15. FAP regimen was performed every 4 weeks was: UFT 400 mg/m2 (p.o.) everyday, adriamycin 10 mg/m2 (i.v.) and CDDP 30 mg/m2 (i.v.) on days 1, 8 and 15. In FEP group, (7 males and 7 females) the average age was 64 (range 53 to 75). Two patients were in PS 1, 4 in PS 2 and 8 in PS 3. In FAP group (7 males and 5 females) the average age was 55 (range 30 to 74). One patient was in PS 1, 5 in PS 2 and 6 in PS 3. No one in either group had prior chemotherapy. Response rates in FEP and FAP groups were 28.5% (4/14) and 33.3% (4/12), respectively. The median survival periods were 4.5 months in FEP group and 6.5 months in FAP group. As for side effects, myelosuppression appeared most frequently, being followed by alopecia and nausea, although the degree of alopecia was milder in FEP than in FAP. We conclude that new combination chemotherapies of either FEP or FAP are useful for advanced gastric cancer.
 ...
PMID:[FEP and FAP combination chemotherapy in advanced gastric cancer. Research Group for Gastric Cancer]. 284 59

5'-DFUR was administered orally to advanced or recurrent cancer patients at a daily dosage of 600-1200 mg divided into 3 or 4 times a day. Out of 13 evaluable cases 2PR, 2MR, 4NC and 5PD were observed, response rate was 15.4%. PR were obtained in one gastric cancer case and one breast cancer case. Side effects were observed in 6 cases out of 14 cases (42.9%) and major adverse reaction was gastro-intestinal toxicities such as anorexia, nausea-vomiting and diarrhea. Two leukocytopenia and one erythrocytopenia were observed. This study indicated that 5'-DFUR would be useful as a new anticancer agent.
 ...
PMID:[Clinical trial of 5'-deoxy-5-fluorouridine (5'-DFUR) in advanced cancer patients]. 293 26

Sequential chemotherapy with low-dose methotrexate (30 mg/body) and 5-FU (750 mg/m2) was undertaken in 16 patients with advanced gastric cancer. Following the chemotherapy, leucovorin (30 mg/body) was injected intravenously. These treatment were repeated weekly for two to eight weeks. Out of 16 patients, two partial remissions and two minor responses were obtained. The overall response rate was 12.5%. There were no cases of renal or hematologic toxicity. The only adverse effect was nausea. We concluded therefore, that sequential chemotherapy with low-dose methotrexate and 5-FU is a useful method for advanced gastric cancer.
 ...
PMID:[Sequential chemotherapy with low-dose methotrexate and 5-fluorouracil in advanced gastric cancer]. 299 97


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>