Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027497 (nausea)
 23,468 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Rubidazone was administered to 24 children with advanced solid tumors or leukemia. The dose ranged from 80 to 150 mg/m2/IV daily to a total dose of 160 to 450 mg/m2/course. This course was repeated at intervals of approximately three weeks. Eighteen of 24 patients (75%) had received adriamycin and daunomycin as part of prior chemotherapy. The major toxic effects observed were myelosuppression, nausea, vomiting, mucositis, and skin rash. Four patients developed abnormal echocardiograms following the rubidazone therapy, 2 manifested clinical cardiac failure, of which one had anthracycline cardiomyopathic changes on autopsy. One of 7 adequately treated ALL patients achieved M2 marrow and improved peripheral counts for 3 weeks. One of the 2 neuroblastoma patients had subjective improvement of bone pain for 2 months. Rubidazone, in a previous heavily treated group of patients used in this study, had dosages of 360 and 450 mg/m2 which produced marrow hyperplasia to aplasia, with only minimal responses.
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PMID:Phase I trial of rubidazone (NSC 164011) in children with cancer. 726 27

A phase I trial of diglycoaldehyde (Inox) in children with leukemia established that the maximum tolerated dose of a 5-day schedule was 1.5 g/m2/day. A phase II study was undertaken by the Children's Cancer Study Group to evaluate the efficacy of this dose. Forty-seven children with acute leukemia refractory to conventional forms of therapy were entered in the study: 29 patients with acute lymphocyte leukemia/acute undifferentiated leukemia and 18 with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia. Inox was administered at a dose of 1.5 g/m2 as a 4-6 hour iv infusion daily for 5 days every 14 days. Toxic effects included myelosuppression, proteinuria, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, local tissue reactions, hypocalcemia, transitory serum amylase elevation, and transitory hypotension. There was one life-threatening episode of drug-related renal toxicity. Of the 27 patients who received a minimum of two courses, partial remissions were observed in two patients with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia. Inox was inactive against advanced acute lymphocytic leukemia.
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PMID:Phase II evaluation of diglycoaldehyde (Inox) in children with acute leukemia: a children's cancer study group report. 742 52

Succinylated Acinetobacter glutaminase-asparaginase (SAGA) has broader antitumor activity than Escherichia coli L-asparaginase in experimental systems; moreover, drug resistance does not develop in tumor cell lines initially sensitive to this enzyme. We have investigated the pharmacology and toxicology of SAGA after both single-dose and serial daily dose injections in 20 adult patients. Glutaminase activity in plasma after i.v. injection of single doses did not follow simple first-order kinetics (half-life during the initial 24 hr was 21 +/- 9 hr. A linear relation was observed between increasing doses of SAGA and resultant levels of plasma enzyme activity and blood glutamate. Assay of whole blood which had been deproteinized immediately following phlebotomy showed that single doses of SAGA lowered glutamine only transiently to nondetectable levels; serial daily doses were required to achieve and maintain continuous glutamine depletion. Reversible depression of the central nervous system, ranging from encephalopathy to coma, occurred in a dose-related manner and was dose limiting. Other prominent reactions included respiratory alkalosis, hyperglycemia, nausea, and vomiting. Transient antitumor effects were noted in two patients with solid tumors and in two patients with leukemia. SAGA causes considerable neurotoxicity in adults which requires close patient monitoring. Phase II studies in leukemic patients are in progress.
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PMID:Phase I evaluation of succinylated Acinetobacter glutaminase-asparaginase in adults. 743 89

The serotonin (5HT3) antagonist ondansetron was compared in a randomised study with metoclopramide and dexamethasone for the prevention of chemotherapy induced emesis. Thirty children aged 1-15 years with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia received 'intensification modules' according to the MRC United Kingdom acute lymphoblastic leukaemia regimen UKALL XI. This contains the moderately emetogenic drugs daunorubicin, etoposide, and cytarabine. Fifteen children received an intravenous loading dose of ondansetron followed by intravenous or oral doses 12 hourly for five days. Fifteen children received intravenous metoclopramide every six hours for three days with a loading dose of dexamethasone, repeated every eight hours for three days intravenously or orally. Efficacy was assessed by a diary card documenting the incidence of nausea, retching, or vomiting. In the 24 hour period after starting chemotherapy, ondansetron was more effective, with a complete or major response rate of 93%, compared with 33% using metoclopramide/dexamethasone.
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PMID:Randomised comparison of ondansetron and metoclopramide plus dexamethasone for chemotherapy induced emesis. 749 64

The camptothecin analogues topotecan and irinotecan (CPT-11) are active anticancer drugs. This article reviews the accumulated results of clinical and laboratory studies performed with these agents at The Johns Hopkins Oncology Center. In a phase I clinical and pharmacology trial of topotecan given as a 30-min infusion daily for 5 days every 3 weeks, profound neutropenia precluded dose escalation above 1.5-2.0 mg/m2 per day, the maximum tolerated dose (MTD). The daily x5 schedule has been developed further with dose escalation using granulocyte-colony-stimulating factor support in patients who have kidney or liver dysfunction and given in combination with cisplatin. In addition, a phase I trial of topotecan given as a 5-day continuous intravenous infusion to patients with refractory leukemia has had promising antileukemic responses. A separate series of in vitro studies indicates that a modest degree of resistance to the cytotoxicity of topotecan can be mediated by P-glycoprotein. A phase I and pharmacology study of irinotecan given as a 90-min infusion every 3 weeks has defined an MTD of 240 mg/m2, with dose escalation being limited by several toxicities. These included an acute treatment-related syndrome of flushing, warmth, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea; a subacute combination of nausea, diarrhea, anorexia, and weight loss; and/or neutropenia. Antitumor activity has been observed with topotecan and irinotecan in patients with a variety of solid tumors and refractory leukemia in our studies, which supports the widespread enthusiasm for this group of compounds.
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PMID:Camptothecin analogues: studies from the Johns Hopkins Oncology Center. 752 Aug 44

Pain treatment for 17 pediatric cancer patients in our institution was evaluated and disirable cancer pain management for children was discussed. Most of the patients (aged 1-17 years) suffering severe pain for about one month were in the advanced stage of the malignant diseases (e.g. leukemia). The pain etiology was mostly tumor-associated while therapy-related pain accounted for 23.5%. These pains were treated with NSAIDs or pentazocine before the consultation with inadequate relief. Oral morphine sulfate or continuous intravenous morphine chloride was administered to 16 patients with successful pain relief and side effects such as nausea (52.9%) and drowsiness (41.2%). It took 5.5 days on average until adequate pain control methods were determined. It is known that most NSAIDs frequently used for pediatric pain possibly cause adverse effects such as platelet dysfunction or mucous membrane injury with a suppository, which could lead to a fatal disorder in clinically ill pediatric cancer patients. Moreover sufficient doses for the pain relief are not necessarily given to the pediatric patients because of a limit to the dosage of NSAIDs. The period of pediatric cancer pain in which the patient require a methodical treatment and receive benefit from pain relief is relatively short in the advanced stage, not to mention the early stage in which chemotherapy is efficacious against cancer disease itself. Therefore, to obtain effective pain control within a short time, the authors propose the pain management for advanced pediatric cancer patients by the two-step analgesic ladder prescribing weak or strong opioid analgesics first, adapted from the three-step ladder of the WHO Cancer Pain Relief, 1986.
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PMID:[Pain management in advanced pediatric cancer patients--a proposal of the two-step analgesic ladder]. 754 19

Zygomycosis is an uncommon, but frequently fatal, fungal infection caused by members of the class Zygomycetes. The risk factors include diabetes mellitus, uremia, leukemia and use of deferoxamine as an iron-chelating agent; healthy persons also are occasionally infected. Those fungi, spread by their ubiquitous spores, most frequently involve the respiratory system. Rhinocerebral zygomycosis occurs predominantly in patients with uncontrolled diabetic ketoacidosis. Pulmonary zygomycosis most frequently is observed in granulocytopenic and corticosteroid-treated patients. Other clinical manifestations are gastrointestinal, cutaneous, disseminated and miscellaneous. This report concerns a previously robust farmer who suffered from left upper lung abscess caused by Rhizopus spp.-one member of the order Mucorales. Initially, it was intended to administer amphotericin B to a total dose of 2,000 mg; however, the patient could not tolerate such side effects as nausea, vomiting and refused further management when the cumulative dose was 948 mg. However, he did recover without further fever and cough. Chest X-ray, followed every three months, disclosed satisfactory improvement.
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PMID:Zygomycotic lung abscess: a case report. 755 21

One hundred sixteen cases of leukemia patients received supra-high single dose TBI for bone marrow transplantation (BMT) with total a radiation dosage of 700-770 Gy at about 5cGy/min. Seventy patients were given ondanstron (8mg) plus dexamethasone (DXM, 10mg) for prophylaxis of TBI-induced acute nausea and vomiting, 46 patients were given paspertin (10mg) plus dexamethasone (10mg) as controls. The clinical results showed that ondansetron plus DXM achieved complete or major control of vomiting in 59/70 (84%) of cases and there was little or no nausea in 61/70 (87%), while paspertin plus DXM achieved complete or major control of vomiting only in 9/46 (20%) of cases and little or no nausea in 5/46 (11%). It is concluded that ondansetron has significantly greater advantage over paspertin in the control of acute emesis induced by TBI.
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PMID:[Ondansetron in the prophylaxis of acute emesis induced by supra-high single dose total body irradiation (TBI)]. 765 93

Twenty two patients with acute relapsed leukemia (AML 20, ALL 2) were treated with 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (DAC) and either m-amsacrine or idarubicin. DAC was administered as a 6-h infusion, every 12 h for 6 days in combination with either m-amsacrine (120 mg/m2) as a 1-h infusion on days 6 and 7 (n = 19) or idarubicin (12 mg/m2) as a 15-min infusion on days 5, 6 and 7 (n = 3). Thirteen patients (59%) achieved a complete remission. The treatment was complicated by nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea with signs of peritonitis (n = 9), weight loss (n = 7), cerebellar or cerebral toxicity (n = 2), gastrointestinal bleeding (n = 3), liver toxicity (n = 2) and prolonged myelosuppression. Median duration of remission was 4 months (range 1-30). The preliminary data show that DAC is an anti-leukemic agent, comparable to high dose Ara-C with comparable severe toxicity.
Leukemia 1993 May
PMID:Preliminary results with 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (DAC)-containing chemotherapy in patients with relapsed or refractory acute leukemia. The EORTC Leukemia Cooperative Group. 768 57

We report two patients with acute leukaemia who received emetogenic cytotoxic drugs and were on therapeutic doses of sodium valproate for epilepsy. Neither patient reported significant nausea nor vomited at any time during the chemotherapy, at times requiring no anti-emetic treatment whatsoever. We suggest that this absence of nausea was due to an anti-emetic effect of sodium valproate.
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PMID:A possible anti-emetic role for sodium valproate in cytotoxic chemotherapy. 777 30


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