Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027497 (nausea)
 23,468 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Studies have shown that, in patients with threatened premature labor, fenoterol and ritodrine are effective agents for delaying its onset. However, the side-effects of these drugs can be a problem. Among 133 patients studied, the intravenous administration of either agent caused marked tachycardia (but no changes in blood pressure) and a high incidence of palpitations, trembling, and nausea. During oral therapy, subjective symptoms were less frequent. The addition of the calcium antagonist, iproveratril, to the therapeutic regimen did not influence the effectiveness of the 2 agents or the incidence of their adverse side-effects.
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PMID:The treatment of threatened premature labor by betamimetic drugs: a comparison of fenoterol and ritodrine. 3 2

Therapeutic efficacy of acetomepregenol (synthetic progestogen) was evaluated in 104 women (average age was 28.3 years) with threatened habitual abortion at 7-16 weeks of gestation. The group included 69 primipara and 35 secundipara; 73 had a history of 2 miscarriages, 17 of 3 and 14 of 4. clinical manifestations of threatened abortion included lower back and abdominal pain, metrorrhagia, decrease in basal temperature (45.2%), and decrease in chorionic gonadotropin level in the urine (51.9%). Echographic examination indicated local thickening of the myometrium wall in 92% of the patients and increase in the internal diameter of the cervix uteri (2.3-2.6 cm, compared with 1.76 cm in normal pregnancy) in 52.9%. Acetomepregenol was given not earlier than 7-8 weeks of gestation in a daily dose of 0.5-1.5 mg. Total dose per course was 10-45 mg; daily dose was gradually tapered off to 0.26-0.125 mg. During the treatment, 77.9% of the patients showed alleviation or complete disappearance of pain (on day 2-4), 87.5% showed normalization of urinary chorionic gonadotropin levels (1.5-2 weeks after the onset of treatment), and 88.6% showed normalization of the basal temperature (on day 5-7). Treatment with acetomepregenol resulted in gradual disappearance of local thickening of the myometrium seen at ultrasonic examination and normalization of the internal diameter of the cervix uteri. Of 104 women treated with acetomepregenol during the 1st trimester, 87 gave birth to normal babies, 8 had miscarriage at 12-27 weeks of gestation, and 9 had premature labor. The only side-effect of acetomepregenol was nausea recorded in 24% of the patients.
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PMID:[Use of acetomepregenol in the treatment of threatened habitual miscarriage]. 277 75

In the etiology of premature labor prostaglandins fulfill a significant role. It is known that indomethacin is a strong inhibitor of prostaglandin synthesis. The effect of indomethacin on premature labor was studied in a prospective randomized double-blind study in 36 patients. Eighteen patients received indomethacin and eighteen received placebo. 200-300 mg of indomethacin was the total dosage in a 24 hours period. The activity of the uterus was monitored with a cardiotocograph. The mean duration of pregnancy and the mean birth weight in indomethacin group (36.4 weeks, 2833 g) were both significantly greater (p less than 0.001) than that in placebo group (31.2 weeks, 2028 g). In the indomethacin group 3 children weighted less than 2500 g compared with 14 in placebo group. In 15 of 18 indomethacin treated patients (83.3%) premature labor was arrested after indomethacin treatment compared with 4 of 18 in the placebo group (22.2%). The indomethacin group had a mean 1 minute APGAR score of 9.3 +/- 0.2 whereas the placebo group showed a score of 7.8 +/- 0.5 (p less than 0.01). Three infants died from respiratory distress syndrome; one in the indomethacin group (1810 g) and two in the placebo group (600 and 1450 g). Autopsies in the infants demonstrated a typical picture of pulmonary atelectasis and hyaline membranes. There was no evidence of premature closure of the ductus arteriosus or pulmonary hypertension. 2 mothers in the indomethacin group suffered minor discomfort i.e. nausea, vomiting and vertigo.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Further study of the inhibition of premature labor by indomethacin. Part II double-blind study. 637 98

The clinical use of alcohol to delay premature labor is critically reviewed. The evidence indicates that this procedure is no more effective in arresting preterm labor than placebo, i.e., bed rest. The rational for the clinical use of alcohol in obstetrics is also questionable. Furthermore, increasing evidence indicates that the blood alcohol levels associated with this method often causes nausea, vomiting, and headaches in mothers and can cause deleterious effects in the fetus, including death.
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PMID:A critical evaluation of the obstetric use of alcohol in preterm labor. 727 6

Poor quality medical care in some countries is an important concern, because of a lack of sterile equipment and lack of screening of blood products The safest time for travel is 18-24 weeks--after the risk of miscarriage and unpleasant nausea, but before problems such as premature labour Women with a previous history of miscarriage or ectopic pregnancy should be advised against travelling to countries where medical care is poor After 28 weeks a doctor's letter may be required before an airline will allow a pregnant woman to fly On board an aircraft, pregnant women should walk around the cabin at least once an hour to minimise the risk of deep vein thrombosis Malaria in pregnancy can be severe for both mother and fetus: chloroquine and proguanil have a long safety record Mefloquine is contraindicated in the first trimester and doxycycline should be avoided during pregnancy.
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PMID:Pregnancy and travel. 945 Apr 66

Recent reports indicate that laparoscopic cholecystectomy in pregnancy is safe. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether delays in definitive treatment of symptomatic cholelithiasis increase morbidity. We reviewed the records of 16 women who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy during pregnancy between 1992 and 1999. Mean age was 24 +/- 5 years (mean +/- standard error). Symptom onset was during the first trimester in nine patients, second trimester in six patients, and third trimester in one patient. Patients had abdominal pain (93%), nausea (93%), emesis (80%), and fever (66%) for a median of 45 days (range 1-195 days) before cholecystectomy. Nine of 11 women who underwent cholecystectomy more than 5 weeks after onset of symptoms experienced recurrent attacks necessitating 15 hospital admissions and four emergency room visits. Moreover four women who developed symptoms in the first and second trimesters but whose operations were delayed to the third trimester had 11 hospital admissions and four emergency room visits; three of those four (75%) women developed premature contractions necessitating tocolytics. Cholecystectomy was completed laparoscopically in 14 women. There was no hospital infant or maternal mortality or morbidity. We recommend prompt laparoscopic cholecystectomy in pregnant women with symptomatic biliary disease because it is safe and it reduces hospital admissions and frequency of premature labor.
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PMID:Delay in treatment of biliary disease during pregnancy increases morbidity and can be avoided with safe laparoscopic cholecystectomy. 1140 1

An open-label, randomised, parallel-group, study was conducted in three study centres in women with premature labor and indication for a single agent intravenous tocolysis therapy with magnesium sulphate. The aim of this study was to examine the local and general tolerability and side-effects of magnesium sulphate for tocolysis. Furthermore, we tested the tolerability of a ready-for-use magnesium solution. No measurements of efficacy were performed during this study. Initially, patients received a loading dose of 4.0 g magnesium sulphate administered over 30 min. Thereafter, a continuous intravenous infusion of 1-2 g magnesium sulphate per hour up to 21 days was given. Venous score (Maddox), vital signs, adverse events as well as general tolerability (assessed by investigator and patients) and blood parameters were assessed. We showed good local and systemic tolerability of high dose magnesium sulphate for tocolysis. Only seven patients (15%) were withdrawn from the study prematurely due to minor adverse events. Potential serious complications of MgSO(4) such as respiratory arrest or clinically relevant respiratory depression were not observed. The most frequently reported local adverse events were injection site pain, itching, erythema, swelling, induration and palpable venous cord. The most common systemic adverse events considered to be possibly related to the study drugs involved the nervous system (dizziness) followed by the digestive system (nausea, constipation). Systolic and diastolic blood pressure changed only slightly during the treatment. Respiratory rate and body temperature remained stable also. Toxic magnesium levels (>2.5 mmol/l) were not observed. The assessment of the clinical investigators with regard to tolerability was very good or good in 72.5% of the patients. The introduction of the ready-to-use solution has the advantage of eliminating the need to mix the solution prior to administration. This means a lower risk of overdose and contamination.
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PMID:Local and systemic tolerability of magnesium sulphate for tocolysis. 1264 63

The purpose of this retrospective study is to evaluate the effects of atosiban (Tractocile available in Austria since February 2000) for routine treatment of women with threatened preterm delivery. The advantage of this drug compared to other tocolytic agents is its specific action on reproductive tissues without the accompanying severe side effects. Women (n = 208) were retrospectively evaluated. Diagnoses at admission were preterm labour (n = 117), preterm rupture of membranes (n = 65), incompetent cervix (n = 19) and vaginal bleeding (n = 7). Gestational age was between weeks 21 and 33 of pregnancy. Preterm labour was defined as >/=4 uterine contractions/30 min and cervical length <30 mm examined by vaginal ultrasound and/or detection of vaginal fetal fibronectin. Tocolytic effectiveness was determined as the number of women having a diagnosis of preterm labour who were still pregnant after 48 hours and after 7 days. The influence on the frequency of contractions before and 3-12 hours after the start of treatment was assessed. Maternal side effects, perinatal and neonatal morbidity and transfers to the NICU were also evaluated. The proportion of women who remained undelivered was 78.7% after 48 hours, and 64.3% after 7 days. Atosiban decreased the frequency of contractions from 5.4/30 min before treatment to 1.6 contractions/30 min after the start of treatment. At the initial bolus application, 20.2% of women presented drug-related side effects, such as nausea, vertigo and flush over a short period of 1-2 minutes. During infusion, side effects possibly related to atosiban could be detected in 6% of women. Mean length of stay was 11.8 days in the NICU and 30.9 days in intermediate care. Twenty-three children developed intraventricular haemorrhage (I-IV). In conclusion, atosiban is an effective tocolytic drug in the treatment of preterm labour and preterm rupture of the membranes. It has significantly less side effects due to its lack of cardiovascular activity.
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PMID:Exploring the role of Tractocile in everyday clinical practice. 1276 26

Endoscopy is rarely required during pregnancy. The potential risks of endoscopy during pregnancy include foetal hypoxia due to sedative drugs and exposure to radiation. There is no evidence that endoscopy precipitates premature labour, and studies in this area have concluded that endoscopy during pregnancy is generally safe. There should be a strong indication for the procedure, which should be deferred whenever possible to the second trimester. Procedures should be performed without any sedation, or with the lowest dose of sedative medication. Radiation exposure should be kept to a minimum. Support should be obtained from specialists in obstetrics and anaesthesia. Indications for endoscopy during pregnancy are as follows: (1) gastroscopy: upper gastrointestinal bleeding, dysphagia, uncontrolled nausea/vomiting; (2) sigmoidoscopy/colonoscopy: rectal bleeding, diarrhoea; and (3) ERCP: choledocholithiasis, biliary pancreatitis. Sedative drugs, such as midazolam appear to be safe if used carefully. Radiation exposure during ERCP can be kept well below the danger level for teratogenicity.
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PMID:Endoscopy in pregnancy. 1788 14