Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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 23,468 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The side effect profile and safety of fluoxetine are reviewed. Side effects reported more frequently with fluoxetine than with tricyclic antidepressants are nausea, nervousness, and insomnia. Anticholinergic side effects are reported less often with fluoxetine. Analysis of adverse experiences leading to discontinuations suggests that this drug has very few serious side effects. There is no evidence that fluoxetine produces a flu-like syndrome or neuropathy similar to that seen with zimelidine. It does not appear to cause phospholipidosis in humans. Fluoxetine appears to have no epileptogenic potential except at extremely high doses. It is usually well tolerated in overdoses.
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PMID:The side effect profile and safety of fluoxetine. 315 26

Viral oncolysates (VO) derived from two cultured ovarian carcinoma cell lines infected with influenza A/PR8/34 were administered intraperitoneally (IP) to 40 patients with advanced ovarian carcinoma, including 31 with late-onset ascites and 5 with pleural effusions. PR8 virus-specific antigens and ovarian tumor-associated antigens have been demonstrated on two oncolysates designated OVO1 and OVO2. Thirty-five patients received 9 mg of a 1:1 mixture of OVO1 and OVO2, 5 patients received one or the other. During the first month three IP schedules were evaluated, i.e., single, biweekly, and weekly, which were followed by monthly injections. Intrapleural (IP1) injections of a 3.0-mg 1:1 mixture of OV1 and OV2 were administered to 3 patients concurrently with initial IP injections and to 2 patients following later development of pleural effusions. In 7 patients ascites disappeared; in 5 of these the number of cytologically detected malignant cells was markedly reduced, in 1 pleural effusion disappeared, and in 3 tumor masses were reduced. Tumor masses shrank also in 2 patients without ascites. Tumor reduction conformed to standard response criteria in 2 of the 5 patients. Response duration in the 9 responding patients lasted from 3 to 19 months and survival durations 4 to 42 months. Disease symptoms in 7 patients improved noticeably. Two of the 9 responders later developed unilateral pleural effusions that responded for 7 and 15+ months to a single IP1 injection. Seventeen patients experienced one or more treatment side effects including fever, nausea or anorexia, malaise, abdominal pain, and arthralgia, but in only 2 patients, both on the weekly schedule, was toxicity severe enough to require treatment withdrawal. Humoral responses to viral and tumor cell-surface antigens were frequently observed in patients demonstrating clinical activity.
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PMID:Viral oncolysates in patients with advanced ovarian cancer. 334 54

Consensus interferon (r-metHuIFN-Con1) is the product of a gene constructed to code for the most frequent amino acid residues known to occur in subspecies of alpha interferons. Twenty-one patients with advanced malignancy entered this phase I trial with dosing levels of 3, 7.5, 15, 30, and 45 mcg/m2/day given intramuscularly on days 1-5 and 8-10 of each 28-day cycle. The initial dose was randomly given by intravenous, intramuscular, or subcutaneous injection to facilitate pharmacokinetic studies. Vomiting and diarrhea were dose-limiting at 45 mcg/m2/day, preventing completion of therapy. Malaise, flu-like symptoms, nausea, and headache were frequent but tolerable at a dose of 30 mcg/m2/day. Patients were able to escalate to 45 mg/m2/day, suggesting tachyphlaxis to these toxicities. The initial distribution phase (T1/2 alpha) was 4.9-9.0 minutes with a T1/2 beta of 34-415 minutes in three patients for whom sequential values could be determined. r-MetHuIFN-Con1 was absorbed after both subcutaneous and intramuscular administration. 2'5'-Synthetase levels increased following treatment, although no consistent pattern was noted. One partial response was seen in a patient with gastrointestinal carcinoma. The recommended phase II starting dose of r-metHuIFN-Con1 is 30 mg/m2/day using this schedule by any of these routes of administration.
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PMID:Phase I study of recombinant methionyl human consensus interferon (r-metHuIFN-Con1). 339 52

Fever and other constitutional effects of influenza (headache, myalgia, listlessness, nausea, shivering, anorexia and depression) result from liberation of endogenous pyrogen (EP) from phagocytes. These effects are milder for recent H1N1 influenza virus isolates than for H3N2 strains. Interaction with human peripheral blood leucocytes in vitro showed that H1N1 strains, A/USSR/90/77 and A/Fiji/15899/83, elicited significantly less EP (as assessed by the rabbit pyrogen assay) than two virulent clones, 7a and 64c, of the A/Puerto Rico/8/34-A/England/939/69 (H3N2) reassortant virus system. Similar observations were made with UV-inactivated A/Fiji/15899/69 and clone 64c. These results are in accord with the differential severity of fever produced by these strains in ferrets when intranasally infected or intracardially inoculated with live and inactivated viruses. They show that influenza virus strains differ in capacity to induce EP from phagocytes. Furthermore, the observations with inactivated virus show that certain virion components are pyrogenic and differ in quantity or nature between strains. These results are important in relation to the differential severity of influenza epidemics and the reactogenicity of vaccine strains.
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PMID:Differential production of endogenous pyrogen by human peripheral blood leucocytes following interaction with H3N2 or H1N1 influenza viruses of differing virulence. 350 18

Subacute carbon monoxide poisoning is commonly misdiagnosed as an influenza-like viral illness. All patients presenting to the triage nurse at University Hospital with flu-like symptoms during February 1985 were asked to give blood samples for carboxyhemoglobin determination. Fifty-five patients (10% of those eligible) with headache, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, weakness, general malaise, or shortness of breath were enrolled in the study. Carboxyhemoglobin levels ranged from 0 to 21%. Thirteen patients (23.6%) of this self-selected subgroup had carboxyhemoglobin levels greater than or equal to 10%. There was no statistically significant difference in carboxyhemoglobin levels between smokers and nonsmokers. More patients using wood heat had elevated carboxyhemoglobin levels than patients using any other form of heating (P less than .05). No patient with a carboxyhemoglobin level greater than or equal to 10% was diagnosed as having subacute CO poisoning by emergency physicians. Physicians must seek out the possibility of CO toxicity in patients with flu-like illness, particularly in inner-city populations during the heating months. Fundoscopy and COHb levels may be useful in selected cases to correctly diagnose patients and avoid a return to a hazardous environment with potentially fatal consequences.
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PMID:Carboxyhemoglobin levels in patients with flu-like symptoms. 359 33

Cytotoxic chemotherapy and interferon have shown synergistic antitumor activity in vitro. The purpose of this study was to determine the maximally tolerated dose of doxorubicin given every 3 weeks, in patients receiving recombinant alpha 2-interferon [10 X 10(6) IU/m2 s.c. three times per week (Monday, Wednesday, and Friday)] during the first 2 weeks of each cycle of doxorubicin. Fourteen patients received a total of 41 cycles. Hematological toxicity was dose limiting with granulocytopenia (total granulocyte count, less than 1000) occurring in 50% of patients treated with doxorubicin at 40 mg/m2 and in 25% of patients treated with doxorubicin at 30 mg/m2. Nonhematological toxicities included a flu-like syndrome, alopecia, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and transient mild increases in liver function tests. A partial response was seen in one patient with metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the skin and in another patient with metastatic adenocarcinoma of the pancreas. Concomitant administration of recombinant alpha 2-interferon given on this schedule limits the amount of doxorubicin that can be administered. However, the responses noted in this study are encouraging enough to warrant additional studies of doxorubicin plus recombinant alpha 2-interferon.
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PMID:Phase I study of alpha 2-interferon plus doxorubicin in patients with solid tumors. 375 87

A clinical Phase I study of recombinant human interferon alpha A (Ro 22-8181) was performed in patients with malignant tumors; twenty of them received an American product and seven others a domestic product. Both products were administered in single intramuscularly injected doses of 18, 36, 50, 75 and 100 X 10(6)U. Main side effects included fever and influenza-like symptoms (headache, chill/shivering, general fatigue, lumbago), and digestive symptoms (anorexia, nausea/vomiting). Numbness of fingers or limbs and somnolence were also observed in higher dose groups, but these symptoms all disappeared on the day of administration or by the 3rd day after administration. Abnormal laboratory findings included leukopenia, granulocytopenia, lymphocytopenia, thrombocytopenia and increased GOT/GPT/LDH, but these returned to normal by the 10th day after administration. The peak blood concentration was correlated with the dose, falling to the base line 72 hr after administration. The American product and the domestic product were nearly comparable in the type and incidence of their side effects, and also produced generally comparable blood concentrations. Furthermore, increased anti-IFN-alpha antibody titer was not observed in any of the patients; and the Prick Test proved negative in all of them. No significant changes were observed in any immunological parameters, either.
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PMID:[Phase I study of recombinant human interferon alpha A (Ro 22-8181) in patients with malignant tumors]. 400 81

The combination of dacarbazine and doxorubicin was given to 26 children with untreated rhabdomyosarcoma to determine its efficacy as front-line chemotherapy. A treatment course consisted of 250 mg/m2 of dacarbazine given iv on Days 1-5 and 60 mg/m2 of doxorubicin given iv on Day 1. After three courses of therapy, 17 patients (65%) achieved partial response and nine failed to respond. The side effects of treatment consisted of nausea, vomiting, flu-like symptoms, neutropenia associated with fever, mucositis, and thrombocytopenia (rarely). Although the response rate is comparable to other drug combinations, the lack of complete responses to the combination indicates that it is less effective as front-line therapy.
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PMID:Combination of dacarbazine and doxorubicin in the treatment of childhood rhabdomyosarcoma. 402 41

In January, 1980, six out of 13 persons (46%) attending a party in a small northwest Florida town near the Gulf of Mexico became ill with Norwalk virus gastroenteritis after eating raw oysters. Symptoms experienced by the ill persons were principally nausea (100%), vomiting (83%) and diarrhea (50%) and were of brief duration. The symptom complex and epidemiology of Norwalk virus infection closely resemble the gastrointestinal illness commonly referred to as the 24-hour intestinal flu or "stomach flu." Norwalk virus infection was identified in this outbreak by application of a recently developed sensitive and specific serologic radioimmunoassay. Oysters from the incriminated batch had fecal coliform levels above recommended standards; however, recent studies of oyster-harvesting waters have shown only a weak correlation between fecal coliforms and the presence of enteric viruses. Further studies are needed to determine whether modifications of monitoring modalities for oyster-harvesting waters are needed.
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PMID:Norwalk virus gastroenteritis following raw oyster consumption. 627 28

Ten women with advanced locally recurrent breast cancer who had failed to respond to radiation and hormonal and cytotoxic agents were given up to 12 weeks of recombinant leucocyte interferon 20 X 10(6) U/m2 daily or 50 X 10(6) U/m2 three times a week. Within one hour of administration influenza-like symptoms began, which one week later were superseded by lethargy, anorexia, and nausea, with a consequent loss of weight in most patients. Other side effects included profound somnolence, confusion, paraesthesia, and (in one patient) signs of an upper motor neurone lesion in the legs. All these effects together with increased slow wave activity in electroencephalograms from all patients during treatment disappeared when interferon was withdrawn and did not recur on reintroducing the drug at a lower dosage. Studies are continuing to determine the mechanisms of these effects.
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PMID:Neurological effects of recombinant human interferon. 640 63


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