Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027497 (nausea)
 23,468 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We have evaluated the use of high-dose intravenous ciprofloxacin as monotherapy in the empirical therapy of febrile episodes in neutropenic patients during the course of a randomized trial comparing ciprofloxacin with a standard combination regimen. Sixty-four episodes of fever were studied in a high risk population of 42 patients mostly undergoing intensive chemotherapy for leukaemia. Ciprofloxacin achieved clinical responses as follows: completely successful in 39%, partially successful in 20%, and unsuccessful in 41%. Infections were microbiologically documented in 37 (58%), with Gram-positive bacteria (of which 37% were coagulase negative staphylococci and 34% were streptococci) accounting for 81% of all organisms cultured. Responses in documented infections were as follows; completely successful in 32%, partially successful in 27%, and unsuccessful in 41%. One infection-related death occurred 30 h after starting ciprofloxacin, and a further three patients died before the resolution of neutropenia. The early death was caused by fulminant infection with a ciprofloxacin-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa. No other ciprofloxacin resistance was seen amongst eight Gram-negative isolates. There was no evidence of emerging ciprofloxacin resistance during the course of the study. Ciprofloxacin was associated with a low incidence of adverse events with skin rash (five cases) and nausea (one case) being reported as possibly or probably related to ciprofloxacin. We conclude that high-dose intravenous ciprofloxacin may be safely employed as monotherapy in the empirical treatment of febrile episodes in neutropenic patients. It has the additional advantages of twice daily administration, the availability of intravenous and oral presentations, and absence of cross-allergy in beta-lactam antibiotic hypersensitive patients.
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PMID:High dose intravenous ciprofloxacin in febrile neutropenic patients. 229 37

Thirty hospitalized patients (22 men and eight women), aged between 15 and 41 years (mean = 25.4 years), with severe proven typhoid sepsis were treated with pefloxacin at daily dose of 1200 mg, divided in three doses, intravenously for the first five days and orally for the following ten days of treatment. All patients completely recovered from infection and pathogens were eradicated after 30 days of follow-up. In none of the patients was a relapse registered during the follow-up or enteric carrier state after disease. Pefloxacin therapy was well tolerated by all patients: in five patients a mild and transient epigastric pain and in one patient a mild and transient nausea were registered. Pefloxacin is a safe and effective agent for therapy of typhoid fever.
Infection
PMID:Clinical experience with pefloxacin in the therapy of typhoid fever. 271 62

In clinical trials performed in Italy, 2,003 patients, suffering from various infectious diseases, have so far been treated with ofloxacin. In most cases dosages of 200 mg, 300 mg or 400 mg b. i. d. have been used. In all, 130 adverse reactions have been recorded in 116 patients (5.8%): gastrointestinal events (mostly nausea, vomiting and gastric pain) in 4.8% of the patients, neurological events (mostly headache and insomnia) in 0.7%, cutaneous reactions in 0.4% and others in 0.5% cases. The drug-event causal relationship was assessed by the investigators as unlikely in 5.0% of the events, as possible in 47.1%, as probable in 31.4% and as almost certain in 16.5%. The severity of adverse reactions was judged as mild in 55% of the cases, as moderate in 38% and as severe in 7%. In 30 patients (1.5%), treatment was discontinued because of occurrence of side effects. Abnormal laboratory values probably related to treatment were reported in 25 patients (2.1%). Ofloxacin is well tolerated and shows a safety profile comparable with that of the best tolerated oral antibacterials.
Infection 1986
PMID:Safety profile of ofloxacin: the Italian data base. 295 62

Thirty-three patients with multiple myeloma (11 untreated, 15 refractory and seven relapsed patients) have received vincristine and adriamycin infusion therapy with oral dexamethasone (VAD). The median number of course received was five. In addition 16 patients with lymphoid malignancy have received a median of four courses of VAD. Three patients who relapsed after VAD have received further VAD therapy making 52 patient treatments assessable for toxicity. Ten per cent had nausea, 4 per cent vomiting, 4 per cent total alopecia, 25 per cent constipation, 33 per cent paraesthesiae, 8 per cent proximal myopathy, 33 per cent dyspepsia, 23 per cent proven bacteraemia, and 19 per cent chest infections. Infections were not usually associated with neutropenia. Shingles was seen in four patients with myeloma, but none of the patients with lymphoid malignancy. The response rate in myeloma was 9/11, for previously untreated patients, 3/7 for relapsed, and 8/15 for refractory patients. Responses have been seen in other lymphoid malignancies-1/2 patients with relapsed acute lymphoblastic leukaemia had a complete remission. Two out of seven patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia achieved a partial remission, and a further three had a clinical improvement. Three out of six patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma and one patient with macroglobulinaemia achieved a partial remission.
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PMID:VAD chemotherapy--toxicity and efficacy--in patients with multiple myeloma and other lymphoid malignancies. 311 84

The clinical efficacy and the safety of ciprofloxacin was studied in 92 patients (aged 26 to 83 years; mean 57.5 years) affected by urinary tract infections (UTI) and respiratory tract infections (RTI) suffering also with various liver diseases. Ciprofloxacin was given orally at different dose regimens: 500 mg b.i.d. (22 cases), 250 mg b.i.d. (20 cases), 500 mg s.i.d. (20 cases) for the treatment of UTIs; 500 mg b.i.d. (ten cases) and 250 mg b.i.d. (20 cases) for the treatment of RTIs. The doses were not correlated to the severity of the infections. Patients were treated for five to 15 days. All the bacteria isolated from sputum or urine before treatment were sensitive to ciprofloxacin (MIC range less than or equal to 0.015 mg/l to 8 mg/l). The clinical and bacteriological responses were favourable in a high percentage of patients both for RTIs and UTIs, irrespective of the dose. Side effects were infrequent (7%) and mild (nausea, gastralgia, oral candidosis), never requiring the interruption of the treatment. No change in the blood chemistry tests was observed at any dose.
Infection 1988
PMID:Efficacy and safety of ciprofloxacin in the treatment of UTIs and RTIs in patients affected by liver diseases. 328 17

The efficacy and tolerance of enoxacin were tested in 65 patients treated for ear, nose and throat infections with doses of 400 or 600 mg b.i.d. The overall clinical efficacy of enoxacin was excellent in 32, good in 17, fair in six, and poor in five out of 60 evaluable patients. Three female patients complained of stomach pressure and one man of slight nausea, two of allergic skin reactions and one of arthromyalgia. The pharmacokinetic studies showed high enoxacin concentrations in the secretions, pus, and tissues studied, especially in those of the middle ear and the sinuses.
Infection 1986
PMID:Clinical and pharmacokinetic studies on enoxacin in ear, nose and throat infections. 346 45

32 hospitalized adult patients with infective episodes of bronchiectasis were enrolled in an ongoing double-blind, placebo-controlled study comparing ofloxacin with amoxicillin. They were randomized to receive either 200 mg ofloxacin or 1 g amoxicillin, both t.i.d. orally for ten days. In the ofloxacin group (15 patients), clinical response was excellent (clinical cure) in 11 and fair (clinical improvement or early reinfection) in three patients with one failure. In the amoxicillin group (17 patients), clinical response was excellent in six, fair in five, and poor (treatment failure) in six patients. Ofloxacin levels at 2 h (day 5) were 2.3 to 8.2 mg/l (mean 3.9 mg/l) for serum and 1.3 to 15 mg/l (mean 4.5 mg/l) for sputum. Sputum: serum ratio was 1.2:1. Amoxicillin levels at 2 h were 10 to 40 mg/l (mean 19.9 mg/l) for serum and 0 to 1.5 mg/l (mean 0.3 mg/l) for sputum, with no amoxicillin detected in sputum in 10 of 17 patients. Sputum: serum ratio was 0.02:1. One patient in the ofloxacin group had nausea. In the amoxicillin group, four patients had nausea and stomach pain, one had vertigo and one had transient peripheral eosinophilia. Ofloxacin thus yielded higher sputum concentration and appeared to be more effective and better tolerated than amoxicillin in infective episodes of bronchiectasis.
Infection 1986
PMID:A double-blind randomized study comparing ofloxacin and amoxicillin in treating infective episodes in bronchiectasis. 354 47

Gram-negative osteomyelitis frequently responds poorly to conventional therapy. Ciprofloxacin displays excellent in vitro activity against gram-negative bacilli and offers the potential for outpatient therapy. In this ongoing study, ciprofloxacin therapy is being evaluated for the treatment of gram-negative osteomyelitis. Twenty-three patients (16 men and seven women) have been treated under the protocol (750 mg orally twice daily for 1.5 to six months), and 14 patients have completed therapy. All patients had either growth on bone cultures from an open or percutaneous biopsy, or an arthrocentesis to confirm the diagnosis. Involved sites included ankle or tibia (seven patients), vertebra (four patients), hip (five patients), metatarsal (four patients), phalanx (two patients), and metacarpal (one patient); 16 patients had chronic disease, and seven patients had acute disease. Patients had a total of 28 gram-negative bacilli, 12 gram-positive cocci, and one anaerobic gram-negative rod, for an average of 1.8 pathogens per patient. Eighteen of the 28 gram-negative bacilli were Pseudomonas species. The geometric mean minimal inhibitory concentration for all the gram-negative bacilli was 0.15 microgram/ml. The geometric mean minimal inhibitory concentration for the gram-positive isolates was 0.41 microgram/ml. All patients who completed therapy experienced a cure, with a mean follow-up of 6.1 months. Infections in all patients, except for two who are still taking ciprofloxacin, are resolving, both clinically and radiologically. One patient who was not eligible for the protocol experienced a superinfection with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Side effects have included urticaria, lethargy, nausea, and transient elevations of liver and renal function test results. Overall, ciprofloxacin therapy was well tolerated. This study suggests that ciprofloxacin holds promise for the outpatient treatment of gram-negative osteomyelitis.
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PMID:Oral ciprofloxacin therapy for gram-negative bacillary osteomyelitis. 355 43

The Ehrlichia are tick-borne rickettsial organisms that cause disease in animals throughout the world but that have been previously recognized as human pathogens only in Asia. We have identified six patients with serological evidence of recent infection with an Ehrlichia: a fourfold or greater rise or fall in titer to Ehrlichia canis. All of the patients reported recent tick bites. Rigors, myalgia, headache, nausea, and anorexia were each reported by five patients. Fever was present in all patients and was accompanied by relative bradycardia and leukopenia in five patients, thrombocytopenia and abnormal liver function test results in four, and anemia in three. Five of the six patients were treated with tetracycline hydrochloride, and all recovered. Infection with Ehrlichia should be considered in patients with unexplained febrile illnesses after tick exposure.
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PMID:Unexplained febrile illnesses after exposure to ticks. Infection with an Ehrlichia? 358 28

Clinical features, findings of diagnostic studies, results of therapy, and prognostic factors were analyzed in 45 patients with brain abscesses. The number of patients diagnosed yearly has increased since CT scanning became available, but despite the enhanced sensitivity, the time from either onset of symptoms or hospital admission until initiation of therapy was not decreased and there was no dramatic effect upon morbidity or mortality in this series. Infections of paranasal sinuses, ears, lungs, and odontogenic foci were predisposing factors in approximately 70% of cases. Single abscesses, present in 75% of patients, were distributed equally in both hemispheres, with more than half in the frontal and parietal lobes. Common signs and symptoms included headache, fever, chills, seizures, nausea, vomiting, altered sensorium, nuchal rigidity, and localizing neurologic signs. Blood cultures were positive in 11%. Lumbar puncture rarely provided data from which a diagnosis could be established; CSF cultures were positive in only 7% of patients, and there was a 15% temporally associated incidence of brain herniation and death. Diagnostic information was most readily obtained using imaging techniques such as CT and 99mTc scanning, and arteriography was invasive and of no added value. CT scans are however, often initially negative in patients presenting with clinical signs of meningitis presumably following rupture of an abscess into the subarachnoid space, and the average time for changes to appear on CT scan is 9 days. It is, therefore, recommended that when the clinical assessment suggests the possibility of brain abscess the patient be treated empirically with antibiotics and that lumbar puncture be performed only after thoughtful assessment of the risk-to-benefit ratio for each patient. Causative organisms were isolated from more than 80% of abscesses despite prior antibiotic treatment; more than half grew a single pathogen, most commonly streptococci. Anaerobic and microaerophilic bacteria accounted for 62% of all isolates, and were the only organisms in 33% of patients. Computerized tomographic scans in 30 patients showed "ring-enhancing" lesions, nodular enhancement, or areas of low attenuation. Complete resolution of abscesses on CT scans rarely occurred during hospitalization and took as long as 5 months. Decrease in the size of abscesses on CT scan correlated well with clinical improvement and was seen within a week when abscesses were excised, but was often not obvious for 6 to 8 weeks if antibiotics were used alone.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Brain abscess. A study of 45 consecutive cases. 378


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