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On Sept 21, 1973, during and following a football game at which they had participated, 57 members of an Alabama high school marching band (and one accompanying adult) experienced an illness characterized by headache, nausea, weakness, or dizziness. Six girls fainted. Thirty-six students were treated at a hospital emergency room. Those who had played wind instruments and had worn heavier uniforms including an impermeable plastic jacket overlay were affected earlier and more frequently than the others. Several organic causes were examined in an epidemiologic investigation and considered unlikely to explain the epidemic. Female preponderance, a bimodal epidemic curve, hyperventilation, relapses, and clinical features characterized by subjective complaints in the absence of physical findings suggested a syncopal reaction to heat exacerbated and propagated by mass hysteria.
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PMID:Epidemic faintness and syncope in a school marching band. 57 63

An outbreak of epidemic hysteria, in which 210 students at a North Carolina elementary school became ill and 102 were evaluated in hospital emergency departments, is described in terms of an outbreak of infectious disease. The outbreak began when a radiator boiler was fired for the first time in the 1985-1986 school year. The most common symptoms were headache, light-headedness, abdominal pain, and nausea; anxiety was later proposed to be the agent of illness. The outbreak appeared to have propagated by friend-to-friend transmission of anxiety within social (grade, race, and sex) cohorts, and by other audiovisual cues in the absence of person-to-person contact. An environmental survey found no plausible toxic or infectious cause of the outbreak. Separation of vectors and susceptible hosts preceded recovery from the outbreak, and reassurance and discussion of the findings of the investigating team with students, teachers, and parents may have prevented the recurrence of symptoms by alleviating anxiety.
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PMID:Patterns of transmission of epidemic hysteria in a school. 208 Dec 51

Psychogenic epidemics cover various forms of collective behavior and include mass hysteria, mass psychogenic illness, and hysterical contagion for which no physical explanation can be found. The typical course of a psychogenic epidemic at a workplace progresses from sudden onset, often with dramatic symptoms, to a rapidly attained peak that draws much publicity and is followed by quick disappearance of the symptoms. Over 90% of the affected persons are women, and the symptoms range from dizziness, vomiting, nausea, and fainting to epileptic-type seizures, hyperventilation, and skin disorders. The background mechanisms are thought to be generalized beliefs and triggering events which create a sense of threat that leads to a physiological state of arousal. This state, in turn, creates new beliefs which give meaning to the sense of arousal. The new belief spreads through sociometric channels. Predisposing factors include boredom, pressure to produce, physical stressors, poor labor-management relations, and impaired interpersonal communications, and lack of social support. It is important that a thorough investigation be carried out in all instances. Investigation is not only necessary for diagnosis, but it also reassures the management, the employees, and the press that physical factors are unlikely to be responsible for the disease.
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PMID:Psychogenic epidemics and work. 653 52

On May 21, 1979, an outbreak of illness spread swiftly among elementary school students in a Boston suburb. Of 224 boys and girls attending an assembly, 34 were hospitalized with severe dizziness, weakness, hyperventilation, headache, nausea, and abdominal pain. Sudden remission of symptoms, preponderance in girls, and failure of an extensive epidemiological investigation to detect an organic cause indicated mass hysteria. To test the hypothesis that previous loss influenced a child's vulnerability to current loss and predisposed that child to mass hysteria, we compared the incidence of family disruption in the hospitalized children with that in the nonhospitalized children. A significantly higher rate of parental divorce (P less than .00005) and death within the family (P less than .0005) occurred among the hospitalized children. These findings suggest a relationship between childhood loss and susceptibility to mass hysteria.
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PMID:Mass hysteria among schoolchildren. Early loss as a predisposing factor. 709 5

The general public, the mass media, and many government officials believe that the use of weapons of mass destruction (WMD) will inevitably lead to mass panic and/or mass hysteria. However, studies of disasters and wars show that disorganized flight in the presence of a real or perceived danger (i.e., mass panic) is rare. On the other hand, in a real or perceived WMD scenario, outbreaks of multiple unexplained symptoms (i.e., mass psychogenic illness, mass sociogenic illness, mass hysteria, or epidemic hysteria) may be prevalent. Many of the symptoms (fatigue, nausea, vomiting, headache, dizziness/lightheadedness, and anorexia) are common in combat and after toxic chemical exposure, chemical weapon exposure, prodromal infectious illness, and acute radiation sickness.
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PMID:Collective behaviors: mass panic and outbreaks of multiple unexplained symptoms. 1177 31

Exertional heat illness is primarily a multi-system disorder results from the combined effect of exertional and thermoregulation stress. The severity of exertional heat illness can be classified as mild, intermediate and severe from non-specific symptoms like thirst, myalgia, poor concentration, hysteria, vomiting, weakness, cramps, impaired judgement, headache, diarrhea, fatigue, hyperventilation, anxiety, and nausea to more severe symptoms like exertional dehydration, heat cramps, heat exhaustion, heat injury, heatstroke, rhabdomyolysis, and acute renal failure. At its early stage, it is quite difficult to find out the severity of disease with manual screening because of overlapping of symptoms. Therefore, one need to classify automatically the disease based on symptoms. The 7:10:1 backpropagation artificial neural network model has been used to predict the clinical outcome from the symptoms that are routinely available to clinicians. The model has found to be effective in differentiating the different stages of exertional heat-illness with an overall performance of 100%.
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PMID:Backpropagation ANN-based prediction of exertional heat illness. 1804 Dec 90