Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027497 (nausea)
 23,468 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The efficacy of orally administered mycophenolic acid (MPA), an inhibitor of guanosine monophosphate (GMP) synthesis, for the treatment of psoriasis, was studied in a double-blind fashion. Of twenty-one patients completing the study period, ten of eleven patients treated with MPA had a greater than 25% decrease in severity score compared with only two of ten patients treated with placebo. The placebo group had a slight increase in severity score compared to almost 50% reduction in the average severity score of the MPA-treated group. After termination of the double-blind portion of the study, the placebo group was treated with MPA and showed a 60% decrease in severity score. Adverse effects encountered included anorexia, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. One patient had an uncomplicated episode of herpes zoster. Other than a mild decrease hemoglobin, no hematologic toxicity was noted.
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PMID:Efficacy of mycophenolic acid for the treatment of psoriasis. 39 32

Thirty five patients with psoriasis (plaque type 26, guttate 3, pustular 4, and erythrodermic 2) were treated with oral mycophenolic acid for a period ranging from 52 to 104 weeks. The average follow-up was 89 weeks, and the dose schedule ranged from 2,400 to 7,200 mg daily. Excellent response was noted in 20 patients, good in 13 patients, and poor in 2. The most common clinical side effects were in the gastrointestinal tract, namely, diarrhea, nausea, abdominal cramps, and soft stools. A high incidence of herpes simplex, herpes zoster, and a flu-like syndrome was noted. Laboratory abnormalities consisted of mild blood hemoglobin reduction, one case of leukopenia (3,9000 WBCs per cubic millimeter), two cases with thrombocytopenia and mild elevation of alkaline phosphatase. Mycophenolic acid appears as a promising drug for the treatment of severe psoriasis.
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PMID:Mycophenolic acid in the treatment of psoriasis: long-term administration. 87 14

The clinical and pathologic features of 15 new cases of the uncommon primary or granulomatous angiitis of the central nervous system (PACNS) are described. To date, only 108 such cases have been reported in the English literature. Clinically, most PACNS patients have been young or middle-aged (mean age, 45 years; range, 3 to 96 years), with men outnumbering women slightly by a ratio of 4 to 3. The most frequent presenting complaints are headache, weakness, and confusion; less common complaints are aphasia, dysphasia, nausea or vomiting, loss of memory, and seizure disorder. There is usually no evidence of a systemic disease; the erythrocyte sedimentation rate is almost invariably normal, and there are no diagnostic laboratory tests. The cerebral angiogram usually shows multifocal, segmental stenosis or irregularity of small and medium-sized leptomeningeal and intracranial blood vessels, often with a beading or aneurysmal appearance, and alterations in blood flow in the affected regions. Anatomically, the angiitis is focal and segmental in distribution. An isolated negative biopsy, therefore, does not rule out the disease. Histologically, PACNS may be granulomatous, necrotizing, or lymphocytic in character, and mixed morphologic types often occur. Large- and small-vessel thrombosis is common. Acute lesions frequently coexist with healing or healed lesions. Involvement of extracranial blood vessels occurs only rarely. Past or current herpes zoster infection and Hodgkin's lymphoma are the most noteworthy clinical associations of PACNS, but whether they are causally related remains uncertain.
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PMID:Primary (granulomatous) angiitis of the central nervous system: a clinicopathologic analysis of 15 new cases and a review of the literature. 174 Mar

A 46-year-old healthy man suffered from sore throat, fever and right otalgia. On the next day, he developed hoarseness and difficulty in swallowing. On the 6th day, he suffered from vertigo, nausea and vomiting associated with unsteady gait. He was admitted to the otorhinolaryngology department in our hospital and pointed out to have vesicles at his right ear. On the 13th day, he was referred to our service. On admission, no vesicles were noted at the right ear or pharynx. Neurological examination revealed mild nuchal rigidity and marked hoarseness, associated with poor elevation of soft palate and loss of pharyngeal reflex on the right side. He also had horizontal-clockwise rotatory nystagmus in primary gaze and ataxic gait. There was no hearing loss nor facial palsy. No other abnormal neurological findings were noted. The cerebrospinal fluid showed pleocytosis associated with increased protein. The viral antibody titre for herpes zoster was significantly elevated on 18th day in serum as well as in cerebrospinal fluid. Vertigo, nausea, vomiting, ataxia and difficulty in swallowing were all disappeared by the 25th day, whereas hoarseness was improved but still noted 6 months later. Among cranial nerves, trigeminal and facial nerves are the most commonly affected in patients with herpes zoster, but there have been a few reported cases of the 9th and 10th cranial nerve involvement in the literature. In these previously reported cases, all were written before the era of serological diagnosis, and herpes zoster was diagnosed by the vesicles at the ear or pharynx.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[A case of unilateral VIIIth, IXth and Xth cranial nerve involvement with herpes zoster]. 216 88

A prospective study was performed to evaluate the feasibility of full dose chemotherapy given on schedule in elderly patients with unfavourable non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, stage IE, III and IV. Using a combination regimen of six courses of cyclophosphamide, mitoxantrone, vincristine and prednisone (CNOP) given every 4 weeks, no serious toxicity was encountered in a group of 30 consecutive patients with a mean age of 70.4 years. A 60% complete response rate was observed and a total response rate of 90%. The disease-free survival of complete responders was 50% at 1 year. The overall survival was also 50% at 1 year. In 148 courses of CNOP only two serious infectious episodes were noted, i.e. one herpes zoster infection and one case of bronchopneumonia. Asymptomatic transient thrombocytopenia and granulocytopenia were commonly observed. Nadirs of white blood cells were WHO grade 1, 2, 3 and 4 in six, five, twelve and two patients respectively and nadirs of thrombocytopenia were WHO grade 0 and 1 (22 patients) or 2 (three patients). Based on low white blood cell counts, a delay of 1 week before administration of the next course of CNOP was necessary in 7% of the courses. No dose reductions were applied. Toxicity other than transient granulocytopenia was minor and consisted of alopecia and nausea. WHO grade 0-2. CNOP related toxicity was never a reason to stop treatment. It is concluded that CNOP chemotherapy without initial dose reduction in elderly patients with intermediate and high grade malignant non-Hodgkin's lymphoma is feasible and that no major toxicity is observed.
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PMID:Full dose chemotherapy in elderly patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: a feasibility study using a mitoxantrone containing regimen. 239 Apr 69

Thirty-three patients with multiple myeloma (11 untreated, 15 refractory and seven relapsed patients) have received vincristine and adriamycin infusion therapy with oral dexamethasone (VAD). The median number of course received was five. In addition 16 patients with lymphoid malignancy have received a median of four courses of VAD. Three patients who relapsed after VAD have received further VAD therapy making 52 patient treatments assessable for toxicity. Ten per cent had nausea, 4 per cent vomiting, 4 per cent total alopecia, 25 per cent constipation, 33 per cent paraesthesiae, 8 per cent proximal myopathy, 33 per cent dyspepsia, 23 per cent proven bacteraemia, and 19 per cent chest infections. Infections were not usually associated with neutropenia. Shingles was seen in four patients with myeloma, but none of the patients with lymphoid malignancy. The response rate in myeloma was 9/11, for previously untreated patients, 3/7 for relapsed, and 8/15 for refractory patients. Responses have been seen in other lymphoid malignancies-1/2 patients with relapsed acute lymphoblastic leukaemia had a complete remission. Two out of seven patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia achieved a partial remission, and a further three had a clinical improvement. Three out of six patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma and one patient with macroglobulinaemia achieved a partial remission.
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PMID:VAD chemotherapy--toxicity and efficacy--in patients with multiple myeloma and other lymphoid malignancies. 311 84

Twenty-six patients with severe rheumatoid arthritis who had completed a randomized crossover trial of methotrexate elected to continue to receive the drug in a long-term prospective study. At 36 months, 16 patients remained in the study. Over this period of time, significant improvement was noted in the number of painful and swollen joints, physician and patient global assessments, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and prednisone dose. Adverse reactions occurred in 16 patients (62%), including nausea, alopecia, headache, stomatitis, herpes zoster, and diarrhea. Mild leukopenia (3 patients), thrombocytopenia (3 patients), and elevated transaminase levels (8 patients) resolved with temporary drug discontinuation. No patient withdrew due to drug toxicity. Liver biopsy specimens in 17 patients after 24 months of treatment showed no evidence of fibrosis or cirrhosis. A significant increase in the percentage of T3 and T4 blood cells and increases in lymphocyte proliferation to concanavalin A and purified protein derivative of tuberculin were found after 2 years of therapy. Our findings indicate that methotrexate has remained effective over 36 months of therapy, with acceptable toxicity levels and no evidence of systemic immunosuppression.
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PMID:Long-term prospective trial of low-dose methotrexate in rheumatoid arthritis. 291 60

Sixty-four patients received systemic alpha-interferon (10 million units subcutaneously daily) and 63 received systemic acyclovir (5 mg/kg body weight intravenously thrice daily) in a randomized study of acute herpes zoster. Start of healing, complete healing, development of new skin lesions in the primarily affected and in other dermatomes, and degree and duration of pain were evaluated. Both drugs proved equally clinically efficient without statistically different findings between the two groups; herpes zoster neuralgia was not prevented by either interferon or acyclovir therapy. Minor clinical side effects occurred slightly more frequently during interferon treatment and included fever and nausea. Transient and moderate leukopenia was observed in nearly all patients in the interferon group.
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PMID:Treatment of herpes zoster. Recombinant alpha interferon versus acyclovir. 328 47

Acyclovir given intravenously in either low dose (5 mg/kg every 8 h) or high dose (500 mg/m2 every 8 h) significantly reduced pain and accelerated skin healing in acute herpes zoster occurring in otherwise healthy adults. The higher dose also significantly reduced the duration of viral shedding. No significant effect on post-herpetic neuralgia could be demonstrated, although the higher dose showed a promising trend. No adverse effects were associated with the lower dose, but acyclovir at 500 mg/m2 resulted in nausea, vomiting and transiently elevated serum creatinine in a substantial number of patients.
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PMID:Acyclovir in shingles. 635 47

The infusion of high-dose (275 mg/kg body weight) immune globulin intravenous (IGIV) after 466 plasma exchanges in 64 patients with autoimmune disease was studied. Side effects occurred during 15% of IGIV infusions. For the most part they were transient and mild, and could be controlled by slowing the infusion rate. Two percent of infusions had to be terminated because of more persistent or severe side effects. Chills were the most common side effect, followed by nausea, flushing, anxiety, and nausea. Serum IgG levels were immediately restored into the normal range by IGIV infusions, and they were much more effective in restoring IgG levels after plasma exchange than intramuscular injection of 9.9 g of immune serum globulin (ISG). Up to 15 weekly high-dose IGIV infusions were well tolerated without unusual side effects. These patients did not have any major bacterial infections, but were not protected from developing Herpes zoster at the dosages used. In patients with myasthenia gravis, a short term impact of a single IGIV infusion on titers of antibody to acetylcholine receptor could not be demonstrated. This study showed IGIV to be a safe and effective preparation for the replacement of normal IgG removed during plasma exchange.
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PMID:Immune globulin intravenous replacement after plasma exchange. 668 80


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