Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027497 (nausea)
 23,468 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

To determine the tolerance to diethylcarbamazine (DEC) treatment of patients with Bancroftian filariasis, 193 individuals (138 asymptomatic microfilaraemic, 30 amicrofilaraemic diseased patients and 25 asymptomatic amicrofilaraemic endemic residents) were enrolled in a prospective trial with different dose schedules, in a hospital and outpatient clinic setting in Brazil. Systemic adverse reactions, localized adverse reactions, and side effects, related to microfilariae, adult worms and the drug itself, were evaluated. Systemic reactions occurred irrespective of the DEC dose and schedule in about 40% of the microfilariae carriers, but not in amicrofilaraemic diseased patients or residents; they usually consisted of microscopic haematuria, followed by fever and malaise. Localized reactions were manifested by the appearance of inflammatory reactions, mainly in the scrotal area. Nodules containing degenerating adult worms developed mainly in the scrotal lymphatics of microfilaraemic patients, diseased amicrofilaraemic patients, and residents. Drowsiness, which increased with higher doses of DEC, was the most common side effect in both microfilaraemic and amicrofilaraemic individuals, followed by nausea and gastric upset. The results indicate that the occurrence of systemic and local adverse reactions was unrelated to either the dose of DEC or the pretreatment microfilarial density. The severity of systemic reactions was proportional to the microfilarial density. Side effects were dependent on the drug dosage irrespective of infection status.
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PMID:Tolerance of diethylcarbamazine by microfilaraemic and amicrofilaraemic individuals in an endemic area of Bancroftian filariasis, Recife, Brazil. 803 86

To evaluate the efficacy and longitudinal effect of two single (100 micrograms/kg) doses of ivermectin, 3 months apart, 240 asymptomatic male subjects from 2 endemic Egyptian villages were enrolled in a one-year double-blind study. Subjects aged 15-55 years were randomly assigned placebo (40) or ivermectin (200). Microfilaria (MF) density in 1 ml blood was measured by membrane filtration before and every 3 months after treatment. Initial mean MF density was 462 (range 14-2869/ml). Clinical examination performed daily for 3 days after each treatment revealed brief, mild side effects: fever, headache, weakness, nausea, and epigastric pain, with no adverse physical or laboratory findings. Three months after initial dose, 31% of MF counts had completely cleared; in the remainder, mean MF density was 11.0 (2.4% of pretreatment level). At 3, 6 and 9 months after the second dose there was complete MF clearance in 60%, 45% and 47%; in those still infected, MF densities were 1.7, 4.6 and 6.1% of the pretreatment level. Therefore, treatment with two doses of ivermectin reduced microfilaremia, without inducing severe side effects. Prolonged suppression of microfilaremia may indicate an effect of ivermectin on the adult worms and may reduce the potential for MF acquisition by mosquitoes, reducing transmission of lymphatic filariasis. It was concluded that ivermectin is a useful drug for public health measure, including asymptomatic filariasis patients.
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PMID:Effect of two single doses of ivermectin in treatment of asymptomatic bancroftian filariasis in two villages in the Nile Delta, Egypt. 909 30

To characterize the immune response following primary human hookworm infection, an adult volunteer was infected with 50 L3 larvae of Necator americanus, reinfected 27 months later and followed for a further 6 months. Clinical signs, blood picture, ex-vivo peripheral blood cytokine production (IFN-gamma, IL-5, IL-13, IL-10 to mitogen and hookworm antigen), acute phase proteins (APP) (C-reactive protein, CRP and alpha1-antitrypsin, alpha1-AT) and antibody levels were determined. Dermatitis, oedema, mild nausea and abdominal discomfort followed the primary infection. Eosinophil counts peaked early during both infections but remained elevated ( approximately 18%) throughout. Transient production of IL-5, IL-13 and APP also followed infection but there were negligible levels of IFN-gamma or IL-10. The onset of nausea, oedema and the initial rise in CRP, alpha1-AT, eosinophilia and IL-5 coincided (days 13-27) with the late larval migration and early establishment of the preadult worms in the intestine. Apart from the eosinophilia these responses declined to baseline levels within 4 months and were less pronounced on re-infection.
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PMID:Immune responses following experimental human hookworm infection. 1623 30

Infestation with Ascaris lumbricoides (roundworm) is very common in the tropics and subtropics. Patients with ascariasis can be asymptomatic or may present with different clinical features in the form of simple nausea, decreased appetite, abdominal pain or more severe bowel obstruction, perforation, intussusception, biliary colic etc. Ultrasonography (USG) can be quick, safe, noninvasive and relatively inexpensive tool in diagnosing the presence of worms and also evaluating response to treatment (1, 2, and 3). Here we present four cases of roundworm infestation presenting with acute abdomen in the emergency department, which were diagnosed by USG and further imaging features of ascariasis on USG is described.
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PMID:Roundworm infestation presenting as acute abdomen in four cases--sonographic diagnosis. 1640 53

This report is about the case of gastritis associated with capillariasis. The patient was a 52-yr-old Korean woman who occasionally ate raw fish and chicken. She complained of mild abdominal pain and nausea, but not diarrhea. An endoscopic examination revealed an exudative flat erosive change on the gastric mucosa of the antrum. She was microscopically diagnosed as chronic gastritis with numerous eosinophil infiltrations. The sectioned worms and eggs in mucosa were morphologically regarded as belonging to the genus Capillaria. This is the first case of gastric capillariasis reported in the Republic of Korea.
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PMID:A case of gastritis associated with gastric capillariasis. 1979 1

Four cases of gastric or intestinal myiasis are reported. The cases contain 2 males (1 child 10 years old, and 1 adult 40 years old) and 2 females (1 girl 18 years old, and 1 adult 50 years old) from Minia Governorate, Southern Egypt. Three of them, including cases no. 1, 3, and 4, were gastric myiasis, and complained of offensive hematemesis of bright red blood. Minute moving worms, larvae of the fly, were found in the vomitus. On the other hand, case no. 2 had intestinal myiasis, and complained of abdominal distention, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. The stool of case 2 was mixed with blood, and minute moving worms were observed in the stool. Endoscopy was performed to explore any pathological changes in the stomach of the patients. The larvae were collected and studied macroscopically, microscopically, and us-ing a scanning electron microscope (SEM) to identify their species. Three different types of larvae were identified. The larvae isolated from case 1 were diagnosed as the second stage larvae of Sarcophaga species, and the larvae isolated from case 2 were the third stage larvae of Sarcophaga species. On the other hand, the larvae isolated from cases 3 and 4 were diagnosed as the third stage larvae of Oestrus species.
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PMID:Gastrointestinal myiasis by larvae of Sarcophaga sp. and Oestrus sp. in Egypt: report of cases, and endoscopical and morphological studies. 2146 Dec 69

Feverfew (Tanacetum parthenium L.) (Asteraceae) is a medicinal plant traditionally used for the treatment of fevers, migraine headaches, rheumatoid arthritis, stomach aches, toothaches, insect bites, infertility, and problems with menstruation and labor during childbirth. The feverfew herb has a long history of use in traditional and folk medicine, especially among Greek and early European herbalists. Feverfew has also been used for psoriasis, allergies, asthma, tinnitus, dizziness, nausea, and vomiting. The plant contains a large number of natural products, but the active principles probably include one or more of the sesquiterpene lactones known to be present, including parthenolide. Other potentially active constituents include flavonoid glycosides and pinenes. It has multiple pharmacologic properties, such as anticancer, anti-inflammatory, cardiotonic, antispasmodic, an emmenagogue, and as an enema for worms. In this review, we have explored the various dimensions of the feverfew plant and compiled its vast pharmacologic applications to comprehend and synthesize the subject of its potential image of multipurpose medicinal agent. The plant is widely cultivated to large regions of the world and its importance as a medicinal plant is growing substantially with increasing and stronger reports in support of its multifarious therapeutic uses.
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PMID:Feverfew (Tanacetum parthenium L.): A systematic review. 2209 24

This report describes two cases of isolation of Dacochordodes bacescui Capuse, 1966 from human intestinal infections. In the first case, two adult worms were identified in the vomitus of a man suffering from abdominal pain and nausea. In the second case, a worm was passed in the stool of a woman suffering from abdominal pain and pruritus. Human gastrointestinal infection with this parasite has not previously been reported.
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PMID:Dacochordodes bacescui Capuse, 1966: Report of the first two isolations from humans. 2251 31

Taeniasis refers to the infection with adult tapeworms of Taenia spp. in the upper small intestine of humans, which is also a cause of cysticercosis infection in either both humans and/or animals. Currently the most commonly applied anthelminthics for treatment of taeniasis are praziquantel and niclosamide. Praziquantel is very effective, but has the risk of induction of epileptic seizures or convulsions in carriers with asymptomatic concurrent neurocysticercosis. In contrast, niclosamide is safe and effective, but is not readily available in many endemic countries including China. In the current community-based study, we assessed the curative effect of either pumpkin seeds or areca nut extract alone in taeniasis, and also looked at synergistic effects of these two herb drugs on tapeworms. In the study group with the pumpkin seed/areca nut extract treatment, 91 (79.1%) of 115 suspected taeniasis cases (with a history of expulsion of proglottids within the previous one year) released whole tapeworms, four (3.5%) expelled incomplete strobila, and no tapeworms or proglottids were recovered in the remaining 20 cases. In these 115 persons, 45 were confirmed as taeniasis before treatment by microscopy and/or coproPCR. Forty (88.9%) of 45 confirmed cases eliminated intact worms following treatment. The mean time period for complete elimination of tapeworms in 91 taeniasis cases was 2 h (range 20 min to 8 h 30 min), and 89.0% (81) of 91 patients discharged intact worms within 3h after drug administration. In Control Group A with treatment of pumpkin seeds alone, 75.0% (9/12) of confirmed taeniasis cases expelled whole tapeworms, but the mean time period for complete elimination was about 14 h 10 min (range 3 h 20 min to 21 h 20 min), which was much longer than that (2 h) for the study group, whereas in Control Group B treated with areca nut extract alone, only 63.6% (7/11) of taeniasis cases discharged whole tapeworms, and the mean time period was 6 h 27 min (range 1-22 h). Mild side effects included nausea and dizziness in about 46.3% of patients with the pumpkin seeds/areca nut extract treatment, but all discomforts were transient and well tolerated. In conclusion, a synergistic effect of pumpkin seed and areca nut extract on Taenia spp. tapeworms was confirmed in the current study, primarily in producing an increased rate of effect on tapeworm expulsion (average time 2 h for combination vs 6-21 h for individual extracts). The pumpkin seed/areca combined treatment was indicated to be safe and highly effective (89%) for human taeniasis.
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PMID:Usefulness of pumpkin seeds combined with areca nut extract in community-based treatment of human taeniasis in northwest Sichuan Province, China. 2291 Feb 18

Intestinal parasitic worms affect more than 2 billion people worldwide according to the World Health Organization. Fish-borne parasitic infections are becoming more common with the increasing popularity of sushi, sashimi, Carpaccio, tartare, gefilte, and ceviche. The ingestion of these parasites can cause serve anemia, malabsorption, severe abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, strong allergic reactions, and gastric ulcers. Knowledge about fish parasites and pregnancy is limited. A literature search on PubMed and Web of Science used the search terms "fish parasites" OR "diphyllobothrium" OR "anisakiasis" OR "pseudoterranova" OR ("food borne parasites" AND "fish") AND "pregnancy" OR "maternal" OR "fetus" OR "fetal" OR "newborn" OR "neonatal" OR "childbirth." No limit was put on the number of years searched. There were 281 publications identified. The abstracts of all of these publications were read. After exclusion of the articles that were not relevant to pregnancy, pregnancy outcome, and fish parasites, there were 24 articles that became the basis of this review. The pathophysiology, altered maternal immunity related to the infection, limited information about fish-borne parasitic infections and pregnancy, and treatments are discussed. The main impact of a fish-borne parasitic infection on pregnant women is anemia and altered immunity, which may increase the risk of a maternal infection. The primary fetal effects include intrauterine growth restriction and preterm delivery.
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PMID:Fish Parasites: A Growing Concern During Pregnancy. 2706 71


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