Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027497 (nausea)
 23,468 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The diuretic response of patients with congestive heart failure to establish doses of diapamide (750 mg) and furosemide (80 mg) was compared in an open, crossover study. Peak urine output occurred in the first 6 hours after administration of furosemide but somewhat later (12 to 18 hours) with diapamide. Both agents produced active diuresis and natriuresis in most patients. Comparisons of drug effect during the first days of each treatment period and analysis of the entire first treatment period indicated that urine output with furosemide was significantly greater than with diapamide. Urinary sodium excretion on the first day of treatment was not significantly greater with furosemide than with diapamide, nor were the differences significant on subsequent days. The observed differences between drugs on urinary potassium and chloride excretion were not statistically significant. The most frequently occurring adverse reaction was mild to moderate nausea, which was reported by five patients receiving diapamide and two patients receiving furosemide. Diarrhea and vomiting were also more frequent with diapamide. Diapamide would appear to serve a role between the milder thiazide diuretics and the more effective furosemide.
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PMID:Evaluation of a new diuretic, diapamide, in congestive heart failure. 37 Jan 57

Magnesium deficiency can occur in congestive heart failure, after diuresis with furoxemide, ethacrynic acid and mercurials, and with digitalis intoxication, diabetic acidosis, acute and chronic alcoholism, delerium tremens, cirrhosis, malabsorption syndromes, protracted postoperative cases, open heart surgery, the diuretic phase of acute tubular necrosis, and with hypoparathyroidism, primary aldosteronism, juxta-glomerular hyperplasia and pancreatitis. Two cases of serious ventricular arrhythmias associated with magnesium depletion are described. Clinical manifestations are vague but center around neurologic symptoms such as weakness, tremors, stupor, coma, nausea, vomiting and anorexia. Serious cardiac arrhythmias also occur with magnesium depletion. Magnesium appears to be very useful in hypomagnesemic or digitalis-toxic tachyarrhythmias. Magnesium may also be valuable in normomagnesemic tachyarrhythmias. Ten to fifteen milliliters of a 20 percent magnesium sulfate solution, given intravenously over 1 minute, followed by a slow 4 to 6 hour infusion of 500 ml of 2 per cent magnesium sulfate in 5 per cent dextrose in water is recommended. Recurrence of arrhythmias is common and a second infusion of magnesium sulfate may be necessary. Hypermagnesemia occurs frequently in renal insufficiency, and magnesium therapy may then be contraindicated. Serum levels above 5.5 meq/liter should be avoided. Loss of deep tendon reflexes and a decrease in respiratory rate can be used as guides to magnesium therapy. A plea is made for frequent analysis of serum magnesium so that more knowledge can be gained regarding this important biologic element in cardiovascular disorders.
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PMID:Magnesium deficiency and cardiac disorders. 80 29

Combination chemotherapy with adriamycin and DTIC was used in 102 evaluable patients under 15 years of age who had previously treated metastatic solid tumors. Responses, defined as 50% or more reduction in all tumor masses, occurred in 10 out of 27 patients with neuroblastoma, 3 out of 8 patients with Wilms tumor, 7 out 15 patients with Ewing sarcoma, 2 out of 6 patients with osteosarcoma, 5 out of 13 patients with rhabdomyosarcoma, and 15 out of 33 patients with miscellaneous tumors which included a patient who had a complete regression of an extensive juvenile angiofibroma. Response rate to combination chemotherapy with adriamycin and DTIC in patients with Ewing sarcoma was significantly superior to the response rate obtained with adriamycin alone in another Southwest Oncology Group Study. Major toxicity included nausea, vomiting, myelosuppression, high incidence of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (5 patients) and congestive heart failure (4 patients). There was 7 drug-associated deaths due to sepsis (1), pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (4), and congestive heart failure (2).
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PMID:Combination chemotherapy with adramycin (NSC-123127) and dimethyl triazeno imidazole carboxamide (DTIC) (NSC-45388) in children with metastatic solid tumors. 95 60

A case of lactic acidosis associated with phenformin therapy for diabetes mellitus is reported, and 34 previously reported cases of lactic acidosis associated with phenformin therapy are reviewed to determine if any predisposing factors to lactic acidosis were apparent. Observations of sex, age, duration of diabetes, pathologic conditions, dosage, duration of phenformin therapy and the onset of symptoms preceding lactic acidosis were made. Renal impairment, urinary tract infections, hepatic impairment, ethanol ingestion and poorly controlled congestive heart failure were found to be predisposing factors to lactic acidosis. The appearance of a syndrome of impending lactic acidosis consisted of anorexia, nausea, vomiting with abdominal pain or lethargy.
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PMID:Phenformin-associated lactic acidosis; a review. 114 21

Fifty-five consecutive women with advanced breast cancer were treated with a combination of adriamycin (40 mg/m2 administered intravenously on day 1) and cyclophosphamide (200 mg/m2/day given orally in divided doses for 4 days on days 3-6). Courses were repeated at 21-28-day intervals. The mean age for the 55 patients was 55 years (range, 37-77 years); 20% of the patients were 65 years or older. All patients were evaluable. Objective response (at least a 50% decrease in the size of all measurable lesions lasting for at least 1 month) was noted in 40 (80%) of the 50 patients who received an adequate trial of chemotherapy (a minimum of two courses). Six of the 40 responses observed were complete. The median duration of response was 10 months. Actuarial survival for the entire group of 55 patients was 80% at 6 months after initiating chemotherapy and 70% at 12 months. Survival for the 40 responding patients was 95% at 6 months and 80% at 12 months. Response rates by site of involvement were: soft tissue, 20/25 (80%); lymph node, 15/19 (79%); bone, 21/25 (84%); lung, 15/18 (83%); pleural effusion, 6/8 (75%); and liver, 7/10 (70%). Eighty-three percent of the responses were apparent after two courses of treatment and 98% were apparent after four courses. Toxicity was acceptable and included nausea, myelosuppression, alopecia, and reversible congestive heart failure (in 2 patients who received 550 mg/m2 of adriamycin). Chemotherapy with adriamycin and cyclophosphamide proved to be safe and effective for out-patient treatment of advanced breast cancer.
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PMID:Combination chemotherapy with adriamycin and cyclophosphamide for advanced breast cancer. 120 53

Dopamine is an effective drug in the management of acute congestive heart failure. Its beneficial action is due to both cardiovascular--peripheral vasodilation and positive inotropy--and renal effects. Dopexamine is one of the newer dopamine agonists. Like dopamine, however, it can only be administered intravenously, and its value in the chronic treatment of congestive heart failure is limited. For this reason, dopamine analogs were developed with oral bioavailability, including levodopa, fenoldopam and biopamine. Although both levodopa and fenoldopam have shown beneficial hemodynamic effects, these agents cannot be recommended for general use in patients with congestive heart failure. Levodopa frequently causes side effects, especially nausea, and fenoldopam induces an increase in neurohumoral activity, which limits its long-term efficacy. Ibopamine has vasodilatory, mild inotropic and diuretic properties and it lowers plasma norepinephrine levels. Since ibopamine is usually well tolerated, it appears to have the most interesting profile of these oral dopaminergic agents.
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PMID:Effects of dopaminergic agents on cardiac and renal function in normal man and in patients with congestive heart failure. 136 84

Sucralfate (Sc) suspension 6 g/day and ranitidine (Rn) tablets, 150 mg, were compared in 125 patients in a double-blind, multicenter, endoscopically controlled trial in the treatment of reflux esophagitis. Inclusion criteria were symptomatic reflux (number and severity of attacks) and endoscopic evidence of esophagitis (grades 1 to 4). Clinical assessments were performed on entry, and at 4 and at 8 weeks, and endoscopy was repeated at 8 weeks. Sc suspension and Rn placebo or Sc placebo and Rn tablets were taken on waking and immediately before retiring at night. Of the 125 patients, 27 were withdrawn because of default (Rn = 4; Sc = 14), noncompliance (Rn = 1; Sc = 2), or the development of congestive cardiac failure (Rn = 1), diarrhea (Rn = 1; Sc = 1), nausea (Sc = 1), constipation (Sc = 1), and hematemesis (Sc = 1). Analysis was performed on the remaining 98 patients, 43 of whom had been treated with Sc and 55 with Rn. Heartburn, acid regurgitation, epigastric pain, dysphagia, and chest pain were relieved in 34% vs 40%, 67% vs 72%, 71% vs 57%, and 86% vs 63% for Sc and Rn, respectively. There was no significant difference between the two groups. Endoscopic healing occurred in 47% of the Sc- and in 31% of the Rn-treated patients (chi 2 = 2.50), and healing or improvement was noted in 81% of the Sc- and 64% of the Rn-treated patients. This difference approached statistical significance (chi 2 = 3.73). There was no obvious endoscopic benefit in 8 of the 43 and 20 of the 55 patients in the groups treated with Sc and Rn, respectively. Although the findings with sucralfate and ranitidine in patients with reflux esophagitis completing the trial suggest a benefit of these agents, the absence of a placebo control group and the high default rates, particularly for those receiving sucralfate, preclude any firm conclusions as to relative or specific efficacy of these agents in this condition.
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PMID:Reflux esophagitis therapy: sucralfate versus ranitidine in a double blind multicenter trial. 188 97

In this phase II multicenter trial, the efficacy and safety of mitoxantrone (Novantrone; Lederle Laboratories, Wayne, NJ) were evaluated in the treatment of 206 patients with relapsed non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) or Hodgkin's disease (HD) previously treated with other agents. Sixty-nine percent of the patients had received prior therapy with doxorubicin. The patients received 14 mg/m2 of mitoxantrone every 3 weeks. Nineteen (12%) of the NHL patients and two (7%) of the HD patients had complete responses (CRs). The combined CR and partial response (PR) rates were 37% (60 of 163) for NHL patients and 36% (10 of 28) for HD patients; the median duration of response was 323 days for NHL patients and 209 days for HD patients. The median survival times were 337 days for patients with NHL and 469 days for patients with HD. The median survival time for patients with low-grade NHL was 589 days compared with 298 days for patients with intermediate-grade NHL and 167 days for patients with high-grade NHL. The median time to treatment failure was 73 days for NHL patients and 98 days for HD patients. The major toxicity was myelosuppression, which was moderate and reversible. Nausea, vomiting, and alopecia were mild. There were two cases of congestive heart failure (CHF) considered related to treatment; both patients had received prior treatment with doxorubicin. In this group of heavily pretreated patients, mitoxantrone was effective and well tolerated. Responses were seen with mitoxantrone in patients who had relapsed after prior therapy with doxorubicin and in patients who had failed to respond to prior therapy with doxorubicin. Mitoxantrone should be evaluated in less heavily pretreated patients and should be considered for incorporation into combination chemotherapeutic regimens for the treatment of malignant lymphoma.
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PMID:Multicenter clinical trial of mitoxantrone in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and Hodgkin's disease. 201 17

Fifty-one patients with symptomatic ventricular tachycardia who failed control on current anti-arrhythmics were studied. Seventy-four percent had ischemic heart disease and 81% had congestive heart failure. Patients underwent serial 24 Holter recordings and radionuclide ventriculography before, during dose titration and during long-term mexiletine therapy. Twenty-eight patients (55%) were successfully controlled. Of these, 17 (33%) remained controlled greater than or equal to 1 year. Early and late side effects were common but benign and included mostly gastric pain and nausea. Twenty-eight patients underwent radionuclide ventriculography before and during mexiletine therapy: there was no significant difference in heart rate, blood pressure, left ventricular ejection fraction, stroke volume and end-diastolic volumes before and during mexiletine. Left ventricular ejection fraction was 21.4 +/- 2.2%, (SD) and 21.3 +/- 2.2% (SD) before and during mexiletine respectively. Digoxin blood levels measured in 15 patients were not significantly changed by mexiletine. In conclusion, mexiletine is effective and safe in many patients with intractable ventricular tachycardia. It has no significant hemodynamic effects even in patients with congestive heart failure nor does it affect digoxin blood levels. Its usefulness is limited by a high incidence of gastric intolerance.
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PMID:Mexiletine: long-term efficacy and hemodynamic actions in patients with ventricular arrhythmia. 241 74

The safety and tolerability of lisinopril (1.25-160 mg daily) were assessed in 3,270 patients (2,688 hypertensives and 582 patients with congestive heart failure (CHF] and 280 healthy subjects. The duration of therapy ranged from a single dose to 43 months; 438 patients received lisinopril for at least 12 months (mean 20 months). In the hypertensive population, the most frequent adverse events reported were headache, dizziness, cough, nausea, diarrhoea and fatigue, although not all of these events were thought to be related to lisinopril; 6.1% discontinued lisinopril due to adverse clinical events, most commonly cough and nausea. Twelve hypertensive patients died (0.45%), but most of these were not receiving lisinopril at the time of death and none was considered to be drug-related. In CHF patients, the most frequently reported adverse events were dizziness, dyspnoea, diarrhoea, hypotension and fatigue. Again, not all of these reports were considered to be drug-related. Therapy was withdrawn in 9.6% of patients--hypotension, dizziness, diarrhoea and rash being the most frequent reasons. Fifty-three CHF patients died (9.1%) and in three cases death was considered to be related to lisinopril therapy. Hypotension, orthostatic effects or dizziness following the initial dose of lisinopril occurred infrequently (in 1.3% of the hypertensive group, including those receiving hydrochlorothiazide, and in 4.8% of CHF patients). Changes in laboratory parameters were generally minor and seldom resulted in discontinuation of therapy. Long-term treatment of hypertension and CHF with lisinopril for at least 3 years confirms that the drug is well tolerated. Overall, the side-effect profile is very similar to that of other ACE inhibitors with regard to class-specific effects. However, taste disturbance was rarely observed.
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PMID:Clinical experience with lisinopril. Observations on safety and tolerability. 255 Jun 41


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