Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027497 (nausea)
 23,468 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Castration or antiandrogen monotherapies remain options for prostate cancer treatment as only marginal benefits have been demonstrated with combined androgen blockade, although it may be that certain subgroups of patient may benefit. Of the nonsteroidal antiandrogens, bicalutamide 150 mg was as effective as castration in M0 patients with significant improvement in sexual interest and physical capacity, but the trial has yet to reach maturity. In M1 patients, bicalutamide 150 mg was not as effective as castration but this may be outweighed by symptomatic and quality of life benefits. Nilutamide is not recommended as monotherapy and there are little data on flutamide. The steroidal antiandrogen, cyproterone acetate, is as effective as oestrogen therapy and has a better side-effect profile, although cardiovascular and hepatic side effects are still of concern. Compared with flutamide, in a recently completed EORTC study, side effects such as gynaecomastia, diarrhoea, nausea, and liver function deterioration occurred less often, and thrombotic effects more often, in the cyproterone acetate group. No difference was seen in the preservation of sexual functioning. Quality of life issues are becoming increasingly important and thus antiandrogen monotherapy may become more widely used in the management of prostate cancer.
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PMID:Antiandrogens as monotherapy for prostate cancer. 985 90

A 58-year-old male presented with a rare case of brain metastatic bronchogenic carcinoma with human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) production causing cerebellar hemorrhage with symptoms of nausea, vomiting, and headache. Bronchogenic carcinoma manifesting as gynecomastia had been resected a few months previously. Neurological examination revealed left cerebellar ataxia. Neuroimaging showed multiple cerebellar metastases with cerebellar hemorrhage adjacent to the tentorium. Angiography demonstrated tumor staining fed by the hemispheric branch of the left posterior inferior cerebellar artery. Suboccipital craniectomy was performed. The left cerebellar hematoma was evacuated and the tumor was partially removed to prevent massive intraoperative hemorrhage and avoid brain stem injury. Histological examination showed the resected tumor was large cell carcinoma. hCG was detected in the cerebrospinal fluid and was identified by immunohistochemical staining in tumor cells. The primary lesion of bronchogenic carcinoma showed choriocarcinomatous change because the tumor could produce hCG. The choriocarcinomatous cells with higher metastatic potential formed lesions in the brain, and finally intratumoral hemorrhage occurred producing the rapid development of symptoms.
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PMID:Metastatic bronchogenic carcinoma with human chorionic gonadotropin production manifesting as cerebellar hemorrhage--case report. 1156 53

Omeprazole is a proton pump inhibitor which reduces both basal and stimulated gastric acid secretion by inhibiting the parietal cell enzyme H(+)-K(+)-adenosine triphosphatase. Typical adverse effects of proton pump inhibitors are nausea, diarrhea, constipation and endocrinologic abnormalities such as gynecomastia. Cutaneous side effects are rare but may include contact dermatitis, lichenoid eruption, leukocytoclastic vasculitis or toxic epidermal necrolysis; anaphylaxis is rare. We identified omeprazole as the causative agent by oral challenge test in a patient who had developed anaphylaxis while taking several drugs.
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PMID:[Anaphylaxis caused by omeprazole]. 1639 10

This retrospective chart review study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of estramustine phosphate sodium hydrate (EMP) monotherapy in patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) and to determine who would benefit from EMP therapy. EMP was administered at a daily dose of 560 mg to 102 patients as a third-line therapy, who had already received combined androgen blockade (CAB) and subsequent alternative antiandrogen therapy. The responses to EMP after its induction and its toxicity were evaluated. We also analyzed the association between the clinicopathological factors of the patients and their responses to EMP therapy. A reduction in the serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) 4 weeks after induction was observed in 70 patients (68.6%), while 30 cases (29.4%) achieved more than 50% reduction of PSA. Long-term reduction of PSA from baseline for more than 6 months was observed in 31 patients (30.4%). EMP treatment was discontinued in 11 patients (10.8%) because of side effects (nausea in six patients, gynecomastia in three patients, eruption in one patient, and liver dysfunction in one patient). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that long duration of prior hormonal therapy was an independent favorable factor for reduced PSA levels, long responses, and overall survival. The data suggest that oral EMP administration as a third-line monotherapy is well tolerated and effective to some degree in patients with CRPC who have already received CAB and subsequent alternative antiandrogen therapy. Thus, EMP can be regarded as one treatment option, especially for patients whose prior duration of hormonal therapy was long.
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PMID:Efficacy of estramustine phosphate sodium hydrate (EMP) monotherapy in castration-resistant prostate cancer patients: report of 102 cases and review of literature. 2400 12

Mitotane is a cytostatic antineoplastic agent that is used in the treatment of adrenocortical carcinoma and Cushing's syndrome. The commonly reported side effects associated with mitotane are anorexia, nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, decreased memory, rash, gynaecomastia, arthralgias and leucopenia. We present a case of a 68-year-old female who developed gradual dyspnoea concurrent with the use of mitotane for the treatment of adrenocortical carcinoma. To the best of our knowledge and literate review, this is the first reported case of dyspnoea associated with the use of this medication. The purpose of this case report is to raise awareness about this uncommon adverse effect of mitotane that may have gone unrecognised on postmarketing surveillance because of under-reporting, lack of case follow-up or other comorbidities masking shortness of breath.
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PMID:Mitotane-induced dyspnoea: an unusual side effect. 3064 48

This study aimed to report a unique case of primary adrenal insufficiency that was accompanied by painful gynecomastia, which was resolved by treatment with prednisone. Enlargement of the left breast with continuous weakness and generalized nausea in a male was discovered 3 months before admission. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain was normal 1 month before presentation. A physical examination revealed that the diameter of the left breast was 5 cm and the height was 3 cm. Laboratory investigations revealed hyponatremia, with a low serum cortisol level and an elevated prolactin level. Hyperprolactinemia was suspected because of adrenal deficiency that was directly or indirectly associated with increased prolactin levels. Thus, a diagnosis of hyperprolactinemia was confirmed. Ultrasonography of the left breast showed glandular tissue hyperplasia. In the present study, treating adrenal insufficiency with prednisone relieved both gynecomastia and hyponatremia. However, gynecomastia regression and hyponatremia resolution were observed when prednisone was stopped. Gynecomastia completely resolved by re-administering prednisone. Therefore, treating the underlying disease is essential so that prednisone can be given in a timely manner.
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PMID:Treatment of gynecomastia with prednisone: case report and literature review. 3095 70


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