Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027497 (nausea)
 23,468 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In the present study, the effectiveness of a triple therapy for eradication of Helicobacter pylori was evaluated. Therapy consisted of 120 mg tripotassium dicitrato bismuthate q.d.s. for four weeks, 500 mg amoxycillin q.d.s. and 500 mg metronidazole t.d.s. for two weeks. In 77 Helicobacter pylori-positive patients with duodenal ulcers (n = 32), gastritis (n = 18) and after gastric resection (n = 7), rapid urease-based test, culture, histology and serology were used to confirm the eradication, or relapse. The overall eradication rate was 75.3%, ulcers were healed in 82.1% and an improvement of the endoscopic gastritis was observed in 75.3% of the patients. The eradication rates were not statistically different among the subgroups. 1-3 months after the treatment IgG titres had fallen by 25% and over in 67.5% of the patients irrespective of the success of bacterial eradication. Side effects, particularly diarrhoea and nausea, were common (53.2%) but mild. Only 6.5% of the patients' had to discontinue the treatment because side effects became intolerable.
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PMID:[Early results of treating Helicobacter pylori infections in patients with gastric ulcer and gastritis]. 913 81

Thirty-one patients with biliary enteric fistula who were operated on over a 19-year period (1976-1994) with an incidence of 0.74% in all biliary tract operations were reviewed retrospectively to identify etiologic factors, types of fistulas, signs and symptoms, methods of diagnosis, management and prognosis of the cases. Most common symptoms were abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting and jaundice. Two patients had gallstone ileus. The majority of the patients had severe concomitant medical illnesses. The exact preoperative diagnosis of a biliary enteric fistula was established in only five (16%) patients. In 81% of the cases fistula was secondary to chronic calculous biliary tract disease. Postoperative complications included wound infection in six (19%), biliary fistula in two (6%) and erosive gastritis in one (3%) patient. Two patients died of intra-abdominal sepsis and two of cardiac failure, with an operative mortality of 13%. Early elective cholecystectomy is recommended to avoid complications of chronic calculous cholecystitis such as bilioenteric fistulas and their increased mortality and morbidity.
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PMID:Biliary enteric fistulas. 937 75

To evaluate the feasibility of adjuvant chemotherapy, we analyzed the toxicities of chemotherapy for primary breast cancer in Japanese women. Since the opening of the National Cancer Center Hospital East, 180 female breast cancer patients have received adjuvant chemotherapy or chemo-hormonal therapy following surgical treatment between June 1992 and December 1995. On the basis of informed consent about prognosis and adjuvant therapy, most patients decided to choose the type of cytotoxic chemotherapy themselves. Adjuvant chemotherapy consisted of oral fluoropyrimidine compounds (OFP), cyclophosphamide + adriamycin +/- 5-fluorouracil [CA(F)] or cyclophosphamide + methotrexate + 5-fluorouracil (CMF). Toxicity was determined using the Toxicity Grading Criteria of the Japan Clinical Oncology Group (JCOG). Sixty-six patients received OFP, 59 CA(F) and the rest 55 CMF. The toxicity grading of leukocytes and neutrophils was significantly higher in patients treated with CA(F) or CMF than in those treated with OFP. Similar results were also seen relating to the toxicity of nausea/vomiting and alopecia. There was no statistical difference in the toxicity grading of hemoglobin, glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase/glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GOT/GPT) and stomatitis/ gastritis between the three groups of patients. Interestingly, the number of patients that were forced to discontinue chemotherapy was higher in those receiving OFP than in those receiving CA(F) or CMF. Cytotoxic chemotherapy of CA(F) or CMF results in greater toxicity than OFP, but is tolerated and feasible in the adjuvant setting used in Japanese breast cancer patients from the viewpoint of toxicities by anticancer chemotherapy.
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PMID:Feasibility of adjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer patients. 939 Feb 7

1. Non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are among the most frequently prescribed medications and are used primarily to control pain, stiffness, and reduce inflammation. 2. One of the most common adverse effects of NSAID therapy is gastrointestinal (GI) problems, specifically indigestion, nausea, dyspepsia, diarrhea, constipation, and gastritis. 3. Considerations in chronic pain management include non-pharmacologic treatment options (i.e., physical therapy, behavioral therapy, etc.), use of misoprostol for clients at high risk for NSAID induced GI problems, and monitoring blood and urine every 3 months to 1 year with chronic NSAID therapy to detect liver, kidney, and hematologic problems. 4. Current research is focused on development of a prostaglandin H synthetase (PGHS-2) inhibitor which should offer efficacy equal to the most potent NSAIDs with minimal side effects, including gastric safety.
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PMID:Non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs. A review. 965 39

This study was aimed at evaluating the tolerance to an intermittently administered oral UFT for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with chronic liver disease (CLD). Ten patients who had received curative therapy for HCC with CLD (Child's classification A or B) were randomly assigned either an intermittent schedule (IS), oral administration of UFT (130 mg/m2/b.i.d.) with 2 days rest a week, or a continuous schedule (CS), consecutive administration of UFT with the same dose. On day 12, the serum concentration of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) was measured. After 2 weeks rest, the patients were switched to the other schedule for 10 weeks and the concentration of 5-FU was measured on day 12. The median values of the area under the curve (AUC) and maximum concentration (Cmax) of 5-FU in IS and CS were 187.7 and 263.2 ng/ml/h, 57.1 and 93.0 ng/ml, respectively. Both the AUC and Cmax for IS were significantly lower than those for CS. One IS patient had tolerable diarrhea, while three of the CS patients had intolerable nausea and one had hemorrhagic gastritis. IS seemed to be a suitable measure for CLD.
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PMID:A crossover study of oral administration of UFT in chronic liver disease: comparison of continuous and intermittent schedules. 966 May 36

Although cutaneous graft-vs.-host disease (GVHD) has been noted after autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation, intestinal involvement has not been well documented. We evaluated 197 patients undergoing autologous transplantation for intestinal symptoms; the source for hematopoietic cells was marrow (n=32), peripheral blood stem cells (n=146), or both (n=19). Patients with persistent nausea, vomiting, and anorexia after day 20 underwent upper intestinal endoscopy and mucosal biopsy. Eight patients (4.1%) had diffuse edema, erythema of gastric mucosa, and histological evidence of lymphocytic gastritis with focal apoptosis of crypt epithelial cells-typical of the findings in acute GVHD. All studies for viral, fungal, or bacterial causes were negative. Two patients showed evidence of GVHD in skin and liver, respectively. All patients received 1 mg/kg/day of oral prednisone for 10 days; symptomatic improvement often occurred within days of therapy onset. At the end of corticosteroid treatment, complete resolution of symptoms was seen in all eight patients. In one patient, elevated serum alkaline phosphatase levels gradually normalized over the ensuing 3-4 weeks. When followed up 3 months after treatment, all patients remained symptom-free without evidence of recurrent intestinal symptoms. We concluded that recipients of autologous hematopoietic cells may develop intestinal symptoms caused by a lymphocytic gastritis that is typical of acute GVHD. Patients with this syndrome promptly responded to treatment of a short course of prednisone. The pathogenesis of gastric epithelial damage after autologous transplant is unknown.
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PMID:Lymphocytic gastritis resembling graft-vs.-host disease following autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation. 970 91

Symptoms of functional dyspepsia, such as epigastric pain, bloating or early satiety and nausea, are non-specific and are likely to arise from different mechanisms. Current evidence suggests the presence of at least two subgroups: patients who respond to a prolonged course of acid suppression and patients who show a significant overlap of symptoms with other functional gastrointestinal disorders such as irritable bowel syndrome. An enhanced sensitivity of visceral afferent pathways with or without associated autonomic dysregulation appears to play an important role in the aetiology of symptoms in the second group. In the absence of visceral hypersensitivity, neither the slowing of gastric emptying nor the presence of chronic gastritis appears to be sufficient to cause symptoms of functional dyspepsia. The mechanisms and aetiology of visceral hypersensitivity are incompletely understood. An alteration in the interplay between vagal and spinal afferents, and the inadequate activation of antinociceptive systems in response to tissue irritation, may play a role in symptom generation.
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PMID:Gastrointestinal sensory abnormalities in functional dyspepsia. 989 87

An effective locoregional therapy is needed for adenocarcinomas of the pancreas, stomach, and gastroesophageal junction. Paclitaxel (Taxol; Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, NJ) may enhance the effect of radiation therapy (RT). Paclitaxel synchronizes cells at G2/M, a relatively radiosensitive phase of the cell cycle. We have shown that response to paclitaxel and concurrent RT (paclitaxel/RT) was not affected by p53 mutations in non-small cell lung cancer. This finding suggested that paclitaxel/RT was a rational treatment approach for other malignancies that frequently harbor p53 mutations, such as upper gastrointestinal malignancies. We completed a phase I study of paclitaxel/RT for locally advanced pancreatic and gastric cancer. The maximum tolerated dose of paclitaxel was 50 mg/m2/wk for 6 weeks with abdominal RT. The dose-limiting toxicities were abdominal pain within the radiation field, nausea, and anorexia. Phase II studies are now under way. Twenty-five patients with locally advanced pancreatic cancer have been entered at the phase II dose level of paclitaxel 50 mg/m2/wk with concurrent RT (total dose, 50 Gy). Thus far, the only grade 3/4 toxicities have been hypersensitivity reactions (n = 2), asymptomatic grade 4 neutropenia (n = 3), and nonneutropenic biliary sepsis (n = 1). Of the first 18 assessable patients with pancreatic cancer treated on the phase II study, six obtained a partial response, for a preliminary response rate of 33%. In the phase II study for locally advanced gastric cancer, 20 patients have been enrolled. Of the first 19 patients who have completed treatment, nine (47%) had grade 3/4 toxicities, including nausea, anorexia, esophagitis, and gastritis. Of the first 16 patients with gastric cancer, complete and partial responses have been observed in one and eight patients, respectively, for a preliminary response rate of 56%. We have also completed treatment on 24 patients with potentially resectable adenocarcinomas of the gastroesophageal junction with neoadjuvant paclitaxel 60 mg/m2 and cisplatin 25 mg/m2, weekly for 4 weeks, with concurrent RT (total dose, 40 Gy) followed by surgical resection. Ten patients (41%) had grade 3/4 toxicities, including neutropenia, nausea, and dehydration. Of 24 patients, four complete responses (17%) and 14 partial responses (58%) were observed, for an overall response rate of 75%. Severe esophagitis was uncommon, making this a well-tolerated outpatient regimen for adenocarcinomas of the distal esophagus. These findings demonstrate that paclitaxel-based chemoradiation for locally advanced upper gastrointestinal malignancies is well-tolerated with substantial activity.
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PMID:Paclitaxel and concurrent radiation therapy for locally advanced adenocarcinomas of the pancreas, stomach, and gastroesophageal junction. 1021 May 40

Since Helicobacter pylori (Hp) was first isolated in 1983, much work has been carried out on the pathogenic effects of this organism. Hp infection is common in humans and currently is the most important etiologic agent in the development of chronic active gastritis, gastric and duodenal ulcers, carcinoma and Malt-lymphoma of the stomach. Moreover Hp infection has also been associated with various extradigestive diseases. At present, a role of Hp infection in dyspepsia is discussed. Dyspepsia is defined by persistence of pain, burning or discomfort localised to the upper abdomen; some authors include in dyspepsia symptoms such as belching, bloating, alitosis, nausea, postprandial repletion, vomiting and regurgitation. In absence of any underlying pathologies, such as peptic ulcer, gastroesophageal reflux, pancreatitis, biliary tract disease or others, dyspepsia is defined as functional or idiopathic dyspepsia. Functional dyspepsia may be distinct in ulcer, reflux or dysmotility-like dyspepsia and unspecified dyspepsia. Hp infection is common in dyspeptic patients and a role of this bacterium has been postulated mostly in ulcer-like dyspepsia. Mechanisms by when Hp induces dyspeptic symptoms are uncertain; bacterial cytotoxins, phlogosis mediators, activity of chronic gastritis Helicobacter-related and host immune response probably play an important role in pathogenesis of functional dyspepsia. However, dyspepsia is not present only in infected patients; therefore other pathogenic factors may be implicated in expression of dyspeptic symptoms in uninfected subjects, such as gastric dysmotility, modifications of gastric output or altered visceral sensibility, psychological factors, gastroesophageal reflux and irritable bowel.
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PMID:[Dyspepsia and Helicobacter pylori]. 1036 46

In a retrospective study, all patients of the hemato-oncology department of the Centre Hospitalier who were treated from 1988 to 1997 by chemoembolisation for liver metastases were analysed for treatment-related hospitalisation duration, side effects and complications, in order to assess the treatment burden. Major side-effects were: pain in 17 of 29 patients, nausea in 8, vomiting in 7, persistent hickup in 3, fever in 12, a temporary confusional state in 4 patients. 1 patient experienced syncope, 2 patients developed homolateral pleral effusions, 1 patient suffered transient supraventricular arrhythmias. Major complications included 1 hemoperitoneum (under anticoagulant therapy), 1 hemorrhagic gastritis, 1 acute cholecystitis due to inflammatory tumoral choledochal obstruction and one iatrogenous acute pancreatic ischemic necrosis. Two patients died of post-embolic acute hepatic insufficiency, one 10 days, one 41 days after the last treatment session). In summary, chemo-embolisation of liver metastases is a complication-burdened treatment in a strictly palliative setting with inestimable efficacy. The treatment modalities have to be discussed with the patient beforehand and preferably in controlled study setting. Large randomised trials may indicate patients' subgroups for benefit.
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PMID:Complications and hospitalisation--duration after chemoembolisation for liver metastases. 1110 Jan 73


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