Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0027497 (nausea)
 23,468 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Neo-adjuvant chemotherapy, followed by definitive surgery and/or radiotherapy was utilized in nine patients with carcinoma of the hypopharynx and cervical esophagus starting in December, 1983. They were treated with combination chemotherapies which included CDDP, PEP (BLM), and MTX. The patients' ages ranged from 52 to 70 years with an average of 57. The histologic types were all squamous cell carcinoma and performance status was 1 in all cases. There were 7 stage III and 2 stage IV. Of 9 patients, 3 showed complete response and 6 showed partial response of the primary tumor with an overall response rate of 100%. Of 8 patients, 3 showed complete response and 2 showed partial response of the metastatic node with an overall response rate of 62.5%. Toxic effects included alopecia in 9 patients, nausea/vomiting in 7, eczema in 4, RBC below 350 X 10(4)/mm3 in 5, WBC below 3000/mm3 in 1, peak serum creatinine above 2 mg/dl in 1. All patients except one with renal toxicity were able to start definitive treatment soon after chemotherapy, the primary and regional lesions being subsequently well controlled in all 9 patients. Neo-adjuvant chemotherapy appears to be very effective for the reduction of tumor bulk. This multidisciplinary therapy should be expected to increase survival rate.
 ...
PMID:[A neo-adjuvant chemotherapy for carcinomas of the hypopharynx and cervical esophagus]. 240 26

The hypothesis that undescended testis is caused by an excess of maternal oestrogen in pregnancy has been tested indirectly in a case-control study comparing mothers of boys with undescended testis (83) and mothers of normal boys (129) born on the same day. The study concentrated on the gestation of the boys, but also investigated the mother's previous obstetric history and postnatal events in the boys. The hypothesis predicted that there should be an excess of nausea, vomiting and hypertension in mothers of cases, but in fact the pregnancies of the case and control mothers were similar in all respects except one. The exception was the increased liability of the mothers of cases to threatened abortion. Mothers of cases also had an increased tendency to miscarry in previous conceptions, a reduced number of deliberate terminations and evidence of decreased fertility. An alternative hypothesis is suggested which would explain these findings. This is that placental function is impaired in the gestation of affected boys and the secretion of human chorionic gonadotrophin is reduced. This leads to changes in fetal testicular function and possible maldescent. Those born with undescended testis were more likely to present to a general practitioner with illness in the first three years after birth and this difference was mainly due to asthma, eczema, jaundice and feeding difficulties.
 ...
PMID:Risk factors for undescended testis. 287 9

Thirty-two patients with skin infections were treated with Augmentin, a combination of amoxycillin with the beta-lactamase inhibitor clavulanic acid. These infections were primary skin sepsis (7), infected eczema (11), infected trauma (10) and leg ulcers (4). The majority of cases were caused by amoxycillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus either alone or in combination with Streptococcus pyogenes. Thirty patients (94%) responded to treatment with only one withdrawal (for side effects). Side effects were limited to nausea (9%) diarrhoea (9%) and rash (3%). No patient with diarrhoea showed evidence of Clostridium difficile toxin production in the stools. Augmentin appears to be a safe, useful, effective antibiotic for the treatment of skin infections in general practice and in hospital. It may prove of particular value when mixed infections of penicillin-resistant staphylococci and Streptococcus pyogenes are present.
 ...
PMID:Further experience with augmentin in the treatment of skin infections. 716 11

One hundred and five healthy nonimmunes in Colombia took part in a randomize, double-blind comparison of 250 mg of Lariam (L) (active ingredient: mefloquine) on alternate weeks or one tablet of Fansidar (F) (active ingredients: sulfadoxine and pyrimethamine) weekly for malaria prophylaxis during at least six months. Volunteers also gave blood for determination of drug concentrations after six months and/or 24-27 months of prophylaxis. Twenty-five volunteers withdrew involuntarily when they lost their jobs in the company. Two who took L withdrew due to moderate diarrhea and mild nausea or headache, weakness, drowsiness and anxiety. One volunteer stopped taking F due to severe unilateral hypostatic eczema and slight S-T depressions on the ECG. The rest completed at least six (range 6-36) months of prophylaxis. The mean half-life for L was 26 days. The AUCs in the time interval 0-14 days for L varied between 19.3-31.5 mumol x days/l. For the main metabolite, the corresponding range was 28.8-81.3 mumol x days/l. The range of trough concentrations at day 0 and 14 were 0.95-2.01 mumol/l for L and 1.69-5.62 mumol/l for the metabolite. No differences in tolerability and efficacy were noted between L and F. Our kinetic results do not indicate that enzymatic induction or inhibition would be important during long-term prophylaxis with mefloquine. This favors a continued use of the drug for very long periods of time (= years).
 ...
PMID:Comparative tolerability and kinetics during long-term intake of Lariam and Fansidar for malaria prophylaxis in nonimmune volunteers. 825 6

The efficacy and safety of mupirocin calcium cream were compared with those of oral cephalexin in the treatment of secondarily infected eczema. In this multicentre, double-blind, double-dummy study, 159 patients with secondarily infected eczema (suitable for treatment with topical antimicrobials) and a total skin infection rating scale score of 8 or more were randomized to receive either topical mupirocin cream three times daily or oral cephalexin, 250 mg four times daily, for 10 days (intent-to-treat group). Clinical success (per-protocol group), defined in part as a patient with a response of improvement in the skin infection rating scale, was similar in the two groups: 89% for mupirocin (n = 44) and 82% for cephalexin (n = 38) [P = 0.29; 95% confidence interval (-8.4%, 22.5%)]. Bacteriological success (intent-to-treat group), defined as a patient with a response of eradication, improvement or colonization of bacteria at the end of therapy, however, was significantly higher for mupirocin [50% and 28% in the mupirocin (n = 48) and cephalexin (n = 47) groups, respectively; P=0.005]. Mupirocin cream was as well tolerated as cephalexin; 9% and 13% of patients reported adverse events related or possibly related to study medication in the mupirocin and cephalexin groups, respectively. The most common adverse events overall were diarrhoea and nausea. Mupirocin cream applied three times daily is as effective clinically and superior bacteriologically compared with oral cephalexin given four times daily in the treatment of secondarily infected eczema of limited depth and severity. Mupirocin cream is as well tolerated as oral cephalexin, and more patients prefer the topical regimen, which should improve patient compliance.
 ...
PMID:A comparison of the efficacy and safety of mupirocin cream and cephalexin in the treatment of secondarily infected eczema. 1195 61

Ten-year-old Tim P. presented at a local emergency room complaining of bloody diarrhea. Despite treatment, his diarrhea continued with additional symptoms of nausea, raspy voice, headaches, abdominal pain, tingling of the feet and hands, lethargy, and eczema. Do you recognize the health risks and clinical aspects of arsenic, and could you assist Tim and his family?
 ...
PMID:Arsenic in a child's world. 1579 28

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease mediated by allergen-specific T cells which are recruited and activated in lesional skin. Methotrexate (MTX) is an old systemic agent used at low dosage for the treatment of psoriasis, another T cell-mediated skin disorder. Since MTX has been shown to improve the clinical symptoms of eczema in a model of antigen-specific dermatitis in mice, we postulated that it could be an effective treatment of AD. In the present open retrospective study, we report our results on the treatment of moderate to severe AD by MTX. Twenty patients (17 to 68-years-old) with low responses to routine therapies were treated (three months to 2 1/2 years) with a weekly dose of MTX ranging from 7.5 to 25 mg. The evaluation was made on physician's global assessment after 3 months of MTX use, and showed that 75% (15/20) of patients improved after 3 months of MTX use, among which 13/20 with an improvement>70%. The beginning of improvement was observed between the fourth and the eighth week after MTX was initiated. Tolerance was good. However, nausea and increase of liver enzymes were observed in 5 patients and required discontinuation of MTX in 2 patients. In conclusion, MTX seems to be an effective and safe treatment of AD. Placebo-controlled clinical trials are needed to confirm our observations and to define more precisely the effectiveness and safety of MTX in adult AD.
 ...
PMID:Methotrexate for the treatment of adult atopic dermatitis. 1658 67

The aim of this paper was to study the toxicity of organophosphate (OP) pesticides in exposed farmers for electroencephalography, cognitive state, psychological disorders, clinical symptom, oxidative stress, acetylcholinesterase, and DNA damage. A comparative cross-sectional analysis was carried out in 40 horticulture farmers who were exposed to OPs in comparison to a control group containing 40 healthy subjects with the same age and sex and education level. Lipid peroxidation (LPO), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, glutathione peroxidase, DNA damage, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), total thiol molecules, and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity were measured in the blood of subjects. Clinical examination and complete blood test were undertaken in order to record any abnormal sign or symptoms. Cognitive function, psychological symptoms, and psychological distress were examined and recorded. Comparing with controls, the farmers showed higher blood levels of SOD and LPO while their TAC decreased. Farmers showed clinical symptoms such as eczema, breathing muscle weakness, nausea, and saliva secretion. Regarding cognitive function, the orientation, registration, attention and calculation, recall, and language were not significantly different in farmers and controls. Among examinations for psychological distress, only labeled somatization was significantly higher in farmers. The present findings indicate that oxidative stress and inhibition of AChE can be seen in chronically OP-exposed people but incidence of neuropsychological disorders seems a complex multivariate phenomenon that might be seen in long-term high-dose exposure situations. Use of supplementary antioxidants would be useful in the treatment of farmers.
 ...
PMID:Electroencephalogram, cognitive state, psychological disorders, clinical symptom, and oxidative stress in horticulture farmers exposed to organophosphate pesticides. 2163 74

About 25 million agricultural workers in the developing world suffer from at least one episode of poisoning each year, mainly by anticholinesterase-like organophosphates (OPs). The objective of this cross-sectional study was to establish the OP toxicity in 187 occupationally exposed farmers in terms of neurocognitive impairment, mental health status, clinical symptoms, diabetes, and haematological factors. The exposed group was compared to 187 healthy age-, sex-, and education-matching controls. Neurocognitive impairment was measured using the Subjective Neurocognition Inventory (SNI) and mental health status using the General Health Questionnaire-28 (GHQ-28). The subjects were also tested for fasting blood glucose (FBG), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), cholesterol (CL), triglycerides (TG), creatinine, oral glucose tolerance test (GTT), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). The exposed farmers showed higher FBG (p<0.001), BUN (p=0.007), CL (p<0.001), oral GTT (p<0.001), and lower AST (p<0.001), ALP (p<0.001), and creatinine (p=0.004) than controls. The rates of anxiety/ insomnia and severe depression were also significantly higher in the farmers than in controls (p=0.015 and p<0.001, respectively). Meanwhile, the rate of social dysfunction was significantly lower than in controls (p<0.001). Disorders affecting psychomotor speed, selective attention, divided attention, verbal memory, nonverbal memory, prospective memory, spatial functioning, and initiative/energy were all lower in the farmers (p<0.001). Farmers showed clinical symptoms eczema, saliva secretion, fatigue, headache, sweating, abdominal pain, nausea, superior distal muscle weakness, inferior distal muscle weakness, inferior proximal muscle weakness, breath muscle weakness, hand tingling, foot tingling, epiphoria, polyuria, miosis, dyspnoea, bradycardia, and rhinorrhoea, which all significantly correlated with the number of working years. These findings indicate that farmers who work with OPs are prone to neuropsychological disorders and diabetes.
 ...
PMID:Neurocognitive, mental health, and glucose disorders in farmers exposed to organophosphorus pesticides. 2370 96

Agents which increase intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) may have an antagonistic effect on pro-inflammatory molecule production so that inhibitors of the cAMP degrading phosphodiesterases have been identified as promising drugs in chronic inflammatory disorders. Although many such inhibitors have been developed, their introduction in the clinic has been hampered by their narrow therapeutic window with side effects such as nausea and emesis occurring at sub-therapeutic levels. The latest generation of inhibitors selective for phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4), such as apremilast and roflumilast, seems to have an improved therapeutic index. While roflumilast has been approved for the treatment of exacerbated chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), apremilast shows promising activity in dermatological and rheumatological conditions. Studies in psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis have demonstrated clinical activity of apremilast. Efficacy in psoriasis is probably equivalent to methotrexate but less than that of monoclonal antibody inhibitors of tumour necrosis factor (TNFi). Similarly, in psoriatic arthritis efficacy is less than that of TNF inhibitors. PDE4 inhibitors hold the promise to broaden the portfolio of anti-inflammatory therapeutic approaches in a range of chronic inflammatory diseases which may include granulomatous skin diseases, some subtypes of chronic eczema and probably cutaneous lupus erythematosus. In this review, the authors highlight the mode of action of PDE4 inhibitors on skin and joint inflammatory responses and discuss their future role in clinical practice. Current developments in the field including the development of topical applications and the development of PDE4 inhibitors which specifically target the subform PDE4B will be discussed.
...
PMID:Phosphodiesterase 4 inhibition in the treatment of psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis and other chronic inflammatory diseases. 2388 51


1 2 Next >>