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Query: UMLS:C0027497 (nausea)
 23,468 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Stones or calculi in the urinary tract affect up to 12% of men and 5% of women by the age of 70 years, with more than a third of individuals having a strong family history (Unwin, 1996). Complications include obstruction in the urinary tract, pain, nausea, vomiting and sepsis. Common causes are: urine stasis, infection, presence of foreign bodies, dehydration, diet and periods of immobility. Encouraging initial diuresis could exacerbate rather than relieve symptoms. Discharge advice is a key feature of preventing recurrence once the predisposing factors have been identified. The relationship between patient and nurse is an invaluable and ideal opportunity for nurses to educate patients in appropriately changing dietary habit and in maintaining a urine output of greater than 2 litres per day.
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PMID:Urinary tract stones: cause, complications and treatment. 1183 27

Stones or calculi in the urinary tract affect up to 12% of men and 5% of women by the age of 70 years, with more than a third of individuals having a strong family history (Unwin, 1996). Complications include obstruction in the urinary tract, pain, nausea, vomiting and sepsis. Common causes are: urine stasis, infection, presence of foreign bodies, dehydration, diet and periods of immobility. Encouraging initial diuresis could exacerbate rather than relieve symptoms. Discharge advice is a key feature of preventing recurrence once the predisposing factors have been identified. The relationship between patient and nurse is an invaluable and ideal opportunity for nurses to educate patients in appropriately changing dietary habit and in maintaining a urine output of greater than 2 litres per day.
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PMID:Urinary tract stones: causes, complications and treatment. 1184 60

Despite the abundance of reports emerging in the literature on metabolic disorders, some disorders remain undiagnosed or misdiagnosed, not only in clinical pathology but also in forensic pathology. The authors report a patient who had recurrent episodes characterized by nausea, vomiting, and signs of dehydration necessitating admission to the hospital. At each admission, he was found to have lactic acidosis. On the first admission, glycolic acid was detected in his blood and he was diagnosed as having ethylene glycol intoxication. Only at the third admission, 2 years after the first, was the possibility of an underlying metabolic disorder considered. Laboratory investigations showed a deficiency of complex I in the mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. Possible medicolegal implications are discussed.
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PMID:An inherited metabolic disorder presenting as ethylene glycol intoxication in a young adult. 1195 4

Nutrient insults in early pregnancy, such as nutrient deprivation during famines, are often associated with an unfavourable outcome. Suboptimal nutrition in the early stage of gestation has been linked to a number of adverse effects on fetal growth and development. Historically, nausea and vomiting in pregnancy (NVP) was an important contributor to pregnancy-related mortality; indeed, Charlotte Bronte died from starvation and dehydration after suffering very severe NVP 4 months into her first pregnancy (Gaskell, 1858). Although NVP seldom now progresses to be life-threatening, it affects the majority of pregnant women, and potentially presents a challenge to nutrient intake in the most vulnerable period of development. Symptoms range from mild (nausea only) to severe (a level of vomiting that restricts nutrient intake and ultimately threatens metabolic and electrolyte balance). Although NVP has been documented for thousands of years, its cause has not yet been satisfactorily elucidated, but seems to be related to endocrinological changes. Pregnant women also frequently report dietary cravings and aversions during pregnancy which can be linked to both the incidence and severity of NVP. Paradoxically, NVP appears to be positively associated with a favourable outcome of pregnancy, including increased birth weight and gestational age. The mechanisms by which NVP favours the outcome of pregnancy are not known. They may be related to women increasing their nutrient intake to alleviate symptoms, improving the quality of their diet or reducing energy expenditure. Alternatively, adaptation to a reduced nutrient intake might stimulate the expression of growth factors and affect placentation or metabolism, thus favouring fetal growth when NVP resolves.
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PMID:Nutrient insult in early pregnancy. 1200 95

This article will deal with medical, social, and legal implications of treating nausea and vomiting of pregnancy (NVP). Clinical problems occur when the symptoms become exaggerated and result in debilitation, dehydration, and hospitalization. The treatment of NVP in its early stages has the implication that it will prevent the more serious complications, including hospitalization. Therapeutic modalities discussed in this conference that have been used or are being tested are primarily symptomatic treatments (antihistamines, Bendectin (Merrell Dow; Cincinatti, Ohio), phenothiazines, hypnosis, accupressure, relaxation behavioral modification, audiogenic feedback training, newer medications, diet, and nutritional support). Bendectin is probably the most studied medication with regard to its reproductive effects, and the studies clearly demonstrate that therapeutic doses of Bendectin have no measurable reproductive risks to the mother or the fetus. In spite of Bendectin's record of safety, numerous nonmeritorious congenital malformation lawsuits were filed and went to trial, and that junk science was presented at these trials. The Bendectin era focused our attention on the area of nonmeritorious litigation and junk science, which could have an effect on any new or less well-studied therapies, because such a high percentage of women are treated for NVP. Because 3% of the offspring will be affected with birth defects, the potential for litigation is immense. The solutions are (1) for legal problems, the medical community should focus their attention on junk scientists and their junk science, over which physicians should have some authority, and (2) for the treatment problem, it would seem most logical that a major research effort should be directed toward brain receptors that are involved in these physiologic effects. Furthermore, it would be imperative to study the array of molecules, both natural and manufactured, that can interact with these receptors for the amelioration of nausea. Until we understand the mechanism and specific therapy for NVP, it would appear that the reintroduction of Bendectin is the logical intermediate course to follow. We should also accompany the introduction of Bendectin with an educational campaign with regard to the lack of reproductive risks for this medication. The Food and Drug Administration has set the stage for the reintroduction of Bendectin by republishing their conclusion that Bendectin does not represent an increase in reproductive risks to the fetuses of pregnant women.
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PMID:Medical, social, and legal implications of treating nausea and vomiting of pregnancy. 1201 98

This is to cross-over study to assess the effectiveness of fresh young coconut water (CW), and carbohydrate-electrolyte beverage (CEB) compared with plain water (PW) for whole body rehydration and blood volume (BV) restoration during a 2 h rehydration period following exercise-induced dehydration. Eight healthy male volunteers (mean age and VO2max of 22.4 +/- 3.3 years and 45.8 +/- 1.5 ml min kg-1 respectively) exercised at 60% of VO2max in the heat (31.1 +/- 0.03 degrees C, 51.4 +/- 0.1% rh) until 2.78 +/- 0.06% (1.6 +/- 0.1 kg) of their body weight (BW) was lost. After exercise, the subjects sat for 2 h in a thermoneutral environment (22.5 +/- 0.1 degrees C; 67.0 +/- 1.0% rh) and drank a volume of PW, CW and CEB on different occasions representing 120% of the fluid loss. A blood and urine sample, and the body weight of each subject was taken before and after exercise and at 30 min intervals throughout a rehydration period. Each subject remained fasted throughout rehydration. Each fluid was consumed in three portions in separate trials representing 50% (781 +/- 47 ml), 40% (625 +/- 33 ml) and 30% (469 +/- 28 ml) of the 120% fluid loss at 0, 30 and 60 min of the 2 h rehydration period, respectively. The drinks given were randomised. In all the trials the subjects were somewhat hypohydrated (range 0.08-0.18 kg BW below euhydrated BW; p > 0.05) after a 2 h rehydration period since additional water and BW were lost as a result of urine formation, respiration, sweat and metabolism. The percent of body weight loss that was regained (used as index of percent rehydration) during CW, PW, and CEB trials was 75 +/- 5%, 73 +/- 5% and 80 +/- 4% respectively, but was not statistically different between trials. The rehydration index, which provided an indication of how much of what was actually ingested was used for body weight restoration, was again not different statistically between trials (1.56 +/- 0.14, 1.36 +/- 0.13 and 1.71 +/- 0.21 for CW, CEB and PW respectively). Although BV restoration was better with CW, it was not statistically different from CEB and PW. Cumulative urine output was similar in all trials. There were no difference at any time in serum Na+ and Cl-, serum osmolality, and net fluid balance between the three trials. Urine osmolality decreased after 1 h during the rehydration period and it was lowest in the PW trial. Plasma glucose concentrations were significantly higher compared with PW ingestion when CW and CEB were ingested during the rehydration period. CW was significantly sweeter, caused less nausea, fullness and no stomach upset and was also easier to consume in a larger amount compared with CEB and PW ingestion. In conclusion, ingestion of fresh young coconut water, a natural refreshing beverage, could be used for whole body rehydration after exercise.
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PMID:Rehydration after exercise with fresh young coconut water, carbohydrate-electrolyte beverage and plain water. 1205 82

BACKGROUND: Nausea and vomiting in pregnancy (NVP) is a multifaceted condition that affects more than half of pregnant women and can range in severity from mild nausea to severe dehydration. Presently physicians evaluate mostly physical symptoms of NVP in trying to assess the severity of the condition. The objective of this study was to investigate how factors, other than the physical morbidity of nausea and vomiting, influence self-perception of NVP by affected women. METHODS: Five hundred women with NVP calling a 1-800 NVP Healthline were asked to rate their NVP severity and report their nausea duration and number of vomiting/retching episodes. RESULTS: Nausea and vomiting/retching correlated significantly but very poorly with self-assessment of NVP severity. There was also a correlation between nausea duration and vomiting/retching frequency however the correlations were weak and overall physical symptoms could only explain 14% of the variability of women's feelings and perceptions through multivariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS: Physical symptoms weakly correlate with self-assessment of NVP severity. Other aspects of this condition, most probably psychosocial, influence women's perception of NVP severity.
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PMID:Discordance between physical symptoms versus perception of severity by women with nausea and vomiting in pregnancy (NVP). 1215 4

Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is an intensive therapy that is being used increasingly in an attempt to cure certain malignancies. One of the major adverse effects of this treatment is an inadequate oral intake that may result in dehydration and malnutrition. Factors that may contribute to inadequate oral intake include mucositis, nausea, vomiting, and anorexia. In addition, prior to transplant, many patients may have experienced, or continue to experience malnutrition associated with malignancy and its therapy. Traditionally, total parenteral nutrition (TPN) has been the mainstay of nutritional support in this patient population. The blood and marrow transplant (BMT) team at the Ottawa Hospital has significantly decreased the use of TPN through the initiation of a comprehensive nutritional support program that uses a variety of interventions including oral supplementation and enteral feeding. Understanding the causes and implications of malnutrition, and using tools that allow risk assessment and timely implementation of appropriate nutritional interventions, may facilitate full patient recovery parallel to hematopoietic recovery in the HSCT patient population.
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PMID:Nutritional support of the patient receiving high-dose therapy with hematopoietic stem cell support. 1218 41

In order to define current issues and outcomes of living kidney donation, 100 consecutive living donors operated on between July 1996 and March 2001 were evaluated. The 64 women and 36 men ranged in age from 19 to 72 yr (mean 42.5 yr), and 65 were related to the recipient while 35 were unrelated donors. Hospital admission the morning of surgery and use of a minimal open approach to the donor kidney were standard, as were post-operative epidural pain control and plans for short hospital stay. The 100 donors were hospitalized for 2 (25), 3 (48), 4 (18), 5 (8), or 6 (1) days, with an average length of stay of 3.12 d (range 2-6 d). The mean charge for kidney donor hospitalization was 14,470 dollars (range 9671-22,808 dollars). There were no major intra or immediate post-operative complications. Six rehospitalizations occurred for post-donation nausea, vomiting, dehydration (n = 2); spinal headache; pneumonia and wound haematoma; and late wound reexploration (one hernia and one nerve entrapment). All donors returned to pre-operative functional status within 6 d to 6 wk of donation. All kidneys functioned immediately in the 100 recipients (50 women, 50 men) who averaged 46.6 yr of age (range 17-69 yr); recipient length of stay averaged 3.81 d (range 2-15 d). All donors survived in excellent health; recipient graft and patient survival, respectively, are 87 and 90% through the entire 5-yr period. Excellent long-term outcomes for living kidney donors may be accomplished using minimal open surgical technique, post-operative epidural pain control and plans for a brief hospitalization. Expansion of living donor resources in renal transplant programs may grow as unrelated kidney donation and non-directed donation as well as minimally invasive (open and laparoscopic) techniques evolve.
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PMID:One hundred consecutive living kidney donors: modern issues and outcomes. 1237 47

We describe a 74-year-old man with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) who developed syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) 1.5 months after commencement of mizoribin prescription when his arthritis was improved. He noticed nausea and headache and serum Na fell as low as 118 mEq/l. Normal urinary Na excretion without hypotension or hemoconcentration negated the possibility of dehydration resulting from urinary Na loss. Serum antidiuretic hormone (ADH) remained elevated at 0.59 pg/ml in spite of a significant reduction in serum osmolality to 254 mosm/kg. He had no organic disease likely to cause SIADH. Despite infusion of hypertonic saline, his serum Na was not restored to normal. Shortly after mizoribin withdrawal, his serum Na increased significantly from 128 to 139 mEq/l and plasma osmolality from 265 to 287 mosm/kg. ADH hypersecretion in relation to plasma osmolality was reversed by mizoribin withdrawal, suggesting that bredinin might adversely induce SIADH. Additional predisposing factors were the patient's age and difficulty in urination due to benign prostatic hypertrophy. In summary, we report herein the first case of SIADH believed to be an adverse effect of mizoribin, which may therefore needed to be added to the list of drugs which can induce SIADH.
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PMID:A case of SIADH induced by mizoribin administration. 1239 45


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