Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0027497 (nausea)
 23,468 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Visceral disorders are always accompanied by pain and/or a sense of ill-being that entails people to isolate themselves both physically and socially. By analogy with what happens in human beings, we have transferred to the rat the question of whether a protective, dark and quiet environment would influence the brain activities induced by visceral chemically-induced (cyclophosphamide [CP], 100 mg/kg/ip) adverse conditions of life. CP is an antitumoral drug that induces severe side effects (cystitis, headache, nausea, photophobia, phonophobia) and produces a strong state of ill-being in human beings. Brain activities were quantified using the expression of the Fos protein, a molecular marker of neuronal activity. The results compare data from groups of paired animals having been offered a shelter or not. Data were collected 4 h after the injection of CP, i. e., when cystitis was fully developed. Sheltered and unsheltered groups did not differ in bladder pathology. Intentional sheltering was shown to attenuate the expression of the CP-related Fos-Li activity within the locus coeruleus (LC) without affecting that of the structures known preferentially to process nociceptive inputs of bladder origin (dorsal vagal complex, ventrocaudal bulbar reticular formation, nucleus centralis of amygdala, dorsolateral portion of bed nucleus of stria terminalis). The LC levels of tyrosine hydroxylase and galanin neuronal contents were not affected. The LC belongs to the emotional activation system and can respond to a wide range of somatosensory and viscerosensory stimuli. Our hypothesis is that the LC would be processing the nervous activities that accompany the sense of ill-being coming from adverse conditions of life, including visceral disorders, and that voluntary isolation, by reducing its activity, would enable animals to minimize their level of distress.
 ...
PMID:Environmental influences on viscero(noci)ceptive brain activities: the effects of sheltering. 1097 98

Recently the development of the cyclophosphamide (CP, 100 mg/kg/i.p.) model has added an important element to the study of neural activities accompanying cystitis genesis. CP cystitis genesis results in the dual activation of the pelvic and vagal sensory afferent systems, which in turn activate a supraspinal network comprising the ventrocaudal bulbar reticular formation (vcBRF), the sensory subdivisions of the dorsal vagal complex (DVC) and its subcortical telencephalic targets, the dorsolateral subdivision of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BSTLd) and the nucleus centralis of the amygdala (CeL). Altogether these structures form the sensory neural axis of the CP cystitis. However, both clinical and experimental observations have given evidence that only the pelvic afferents are at the origin of the painful sensation and related behaviour. Because of this, and for a better understanding of the nervous network that subserves cystitis painful information, we sought to determine whether the structures that constitute the cystitis sensory neural pathway have the same reactivity depending on the origin of the sensory afferent inputs, either pelvic or vagal. Using c-fos expression, which permits quantitative analysis of neural activity, we have demonstrated that the supraspinal CP cystitis responding structures do not form an homogeneous population in terms of sources of inputs. Although all structures are predominantly driven by vagal inputs, only the vcBRF, the DVC and the BSTLd respond to pelvic inputs. Consequently, and by referring to clinical observations, we have concluded that, it is these three areas, excluding the CeL, which constitute the main framework of the supraspinal pain sensory neural pathway of CP-induced cystitis. The activation of the vagus nerve would more probably relate to the other side effects that accompany CP injections such as nausea and headache attacks.
 ...
PMID:The differential effects of pelvic and vagal inputs on the supraspinal cystitis viscero(noci)ceptive-related axis. 1109 5

A 50-year-old woman with a 4-year history of Evans syndrome was admitted to our hospital because of progressive nausea, appetite loss, body weight loss, diarrhea and abdominal pain. Abdominal ultrasonography revealed pleural effusion, ascites, bilateral hydronephrosis, dilatation of the bilateral ureter, and irregular wall thickness of the urinary bladder. Immunological studies revealed decreased complement components (C3; 72 mg/dl, C4; 7 mg/dl, CH50; 28.8 mg/dl), a x 80 antinuclear antibody titer (homogeneous pattern), antibody against single-stranded DNA 19 U/ml, anti-SS-A antibody over 500 U/ml and negativity for antibody against double-stranded DNA (anti-dsDNA Ab). Although the patient did not fulfill the criteria for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), we diagnosed her as having lupus cystitis. Bolus methylprednisolone (mPSL) therapy (1,000 mg mPSL over 3 days, div) was administered, followed by 60 mg PSL, and this led to immediate improvement of the patient's symptoms and laboratory data. Later, anti-dsDNA Ab became positive, and the patient thereby fulfilled the criteria for SLE. Lupus cystitis following Evans syndrome has rarely been reported. The present such case was treated successfully with bolus mPSL therapy.
 ...
PMID:[Lupus cystitis in the course of Evans syndrome]. 1186 59

A 80-year-old female with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) visited our hospital on November 24, 1999, because of nausea, vomiting and macrohematuria. Cystoscopy demonstrated a diffuse hyperemic mucosa and gas-filled vesicles in the submucosa. Despite treatment with antibiotics, infection was not controlled and metabolic acidosis was increased. Simple cystectomy and ureterocutaneostomy were performed. Histological examination showed whole mucosal necrosis and vacuolation with aerogenesis in the submucosa and muscle layer of the bladder. Urine and mucosal surface cultures revealed Escherichia coli infection. After operation, the general condition was improved. Thirty six cases of emphysematous cystitis have been reported in Japan including this case. Successful treatment with cystectomy under the life threatening condition was reported for the first time.
 ...
PMID:[A case report of a patient with emphysematous cystitis who was cured by early cystectomy under a life threatening condition]. 1261 8

Both oral and intravenous high-dose cyclophosphamide (CYC) regimens are associated with serious side effects when used for the treatment of systemic sclerosis (SSc). The aim of the present trial was to test the safety of low-dose intravenous CYC in patients with SSc. Eight SSc patients, in whom CYC treatment was warranted, were studied at baseline and after 6 months' intravenous CYC treatment (500 mg pulses at weeks 0, 1, 2, 6, 10, 14, 18 and 22). Side effects probably related to CYC treatment were carefully investigated. The development of amenorrhea was assessed during the period of treatment and over the following 12 months. The therapy was well tolerated overall. No patient discontinued treatment because of side effects. Leukopenia, premature ovarian failure, hemorrhagic cystitis, microscopic hematuria and liver toxicity were never detected. The most common adverse events were mild and self-limiting nausea and weakness. Our data suggest that low-dose intravenous CYC is relatively safe, at least in the short term. Further studies are needed to assess both the efficacy and the long-term safety.
 ...
PMID:Low-dose intravenous cyclophosphamide in systemic sclerosis: a preliminary safety study. 1467 13

This ongoing study was initiated to determine the feasibility of administering amifostine (Ethyol, WR-2721; MedImmune, Inc, Gaithersburg, MD) with monomodal high-dose rate (mHDR) brachytherapy and to assess the tolerability and side effects of this combination. To date, 18 patients suitable for prostate implant brachytherapy (<or=T2aN0; prostate-specific antigen <or= 10 ng/mL; Gleason score <or= 6) have been treated with mHDR brachytherapy, receiving four 9-Gy fractions administered twice daily for 2 days. Amifostine (500 mg) is administered subcutaneously on the day before implant and 30 to 60 minutes before the first and third mHDR treatments. All 18 patients have received amifostine and brachytherapy as planned. Nausea was manageable with oral prochlorperazine in the pretreatment phase and our standard antiemesis protocol (intravenous promethazine, with granisetron if needed) during the implant; hypotension and asthenia were not problematic. During the 2-week post-treatment phase, grade 1 cystitis occurred in eight of 18 patients; grades 1 and 2 proctitis occurred in six of 18 and five of 18 patients, respectively. Six patients developed urinary obstruction symptoms. Preliminary results support the feasibility and tolerability of subcutaneous amifostine in conjunction with mHDR brachytherapy. Total accrual goal is 50 patients to assess long-term efficacy. Additional studies of HDR with amifostine are planned for patients with recurrent prostate and gynecologic cancer.
 ...
PMID:Feasibility of amifostine administration in conjunction with high-dose rate brachytherapy. 1472 40

Lupus cystitis was rare but frequently resulted in obstructive uropathy and had a strong association with gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms. We treated six patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and obstructive uropathy from January 1996 to December 2001 in a university hospital. Evidence of cystitis was obtained from cystoscopic biopsy or the presence of thickened bladder wall in image study. Similar to other reports, five patients had GI manifestations such as abdominal pain, nausea/vomiting, diarrhoea or ileus. In addition, mesenteric lymphadenopathy or pancreatitis was noted in three patients. Two patients had been treated for idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP), four and 20 years ago, respectively. All six patients had antibodies to double-stranded DNA (dsDNA). Five patients each had antibodies to cardiolipin (IgG aCL) or SSA. The high prevalence of anti-SSA had also been reported in Chinese lupus patients with intestinal pseudo-obstruction, a clinical manifestation frequently associated with bilateral ureterohydronephrosis. Two patients died of intractable infection after the surgical procedures for persistent ureterohydronephrosis and both patients had antibodies to ribosomal P proteins. Lupus cystitis might not be so rare in Chinese patients with SLE. The diagnosis should be kept in mind when lupus patients have urinary and/or GI symptoms.
 ...
PMID:Is there an ethnic difference in the prevalence of lupus cystitis? A report of six cases. 1517 63

Trospium chloride is an orally active, quaternary ammonium compound with antimuscarinic activity. It binds specifically and with high affinity to muscarinic receptors M(1), M(2) and M(3), but not nicotinic, cholinergic receptors. It is hydrophilic and does not cross the normal blood-brain barrier in significant amounts and, therefore, has minimal central anticholinergic activity. Peak plasma trospium chloride concentrations are attained approximately 5-6 hours after oral administration, which should occur before meals as concurrent food ingestion significantly reduces trospium bioavailability. Trospium chloride undergoes negligible metabolism by the hepatic cytochrome P450 system; few metabolic drug interactions are known. While trospium chloride dosage adjustments based on age or sex appear unwarranted, such adjustments may be needed in patients with severe renal impairment. Direct comparative studies in patients with overactive bladder indicate that trospium chloride is at least as effective as oxybutynin and tolterodine. Placebo-controlled studies have also confirmed the efficacy of trospium chloride in terms of improved urodynamic parameters; small-scale, noncomparative studies have documented significant trospium chloride-induced improvements in patients with reflex neurogenic bladder, postoperative bladder irritation and radiation-induced cystitis; and observational studies including >10,000 patients have also revealed favourable findings for trospium chloride, including a marked decrease in incontinence episodes and substantial improvement in health-related quality of life. Trospium chloride is generally well tolerated, and significantly more so than immediate-release oxybutynin. The most frequent adverse events, occurring in >1% of trospium chloride-treated patients, are dry mouth, dyspepsia, constipation, abdominal pain and nausea. Available for many years in several countries outside North America, trospium chloride is likely to develop an important role in the management of overactive bladder following its approval in the US on 28 May 2004.
 ...
PMID:Trospium chloride in the management of overactive bladder. 1548 1

Case 1: A 34-year-old woman,who had a right breast cancer with axillary lymph node metastasis and multiple bone metastases, was referred to our clinic. She developed paralysis of lower extremities and disorder of the bladder and rectum due to metastasis to the thoracic vertebra, and also had renal dysfunction due to severe hypercalcemia and hemorrhagic cystitis. Correcting the serum calcium level with intravenous infusion, elcatonin, pamidronate and betamethasone, she underwent radiation therapy for the vertebral metastasis. The first hormonal therapy (leuprorelin/exemestane) had been effective for about 4 months, however the second hormonal therapy (leuprorelin/tamoxifen) was not effective. Chemotherapy with paclitaxel (80 mg/m(2), day 1, 8, 15, every 4 weeks) brought about a stable general condition and a normal level of serum calcium with zoledronate in the ninth month of treatment. Case 2: A 32-year-old woman, who had a right breast cancer with multiple bone metastases and axillary and hilar lymph node metastases, came to our clinic, complaining of nausea due to severe hypercalcemia. After successful correction of hypercalcemia by the intravenous infusion and administration of elcatonin, pamidronate and dexamethasone, the hormonal therapy(goserelin/tamoxifen) caused rapid re-elevation of serum calcium and tumor marker, so that a tumor flare was suspected. After 3 cycles of EC therapy (EPI 90 mg/m(2), CPM 600 mg/m(2), every 3 weeks), 2 cycles of paclitaxel therapy (80 mg/m(2), day 1, 8, 15, every 4 weeks) brought about tumor reduction and the normal level of serum calcium. After 7 cycles of paclitaxel therapy,the hormonal therapy (goserelin/tamoxifen) proved effective for several months. To achieve tumor reduction and stabilize the serum calcium level, we need to start immediately the treatment of breast cancer with severe hypercalcemia, considering the general condition of the patient.
 ...
PMID:[Two cases of stage IV breast cancer with severe hypercalcemia]. 1648 60

The patient was a 74-year-old woman. As the history of the present illness, Raynaud's phenomenon appeared in 1998, antinuclear antibody positivity was detected in 2002, and she visited our department for the first time. Leukopenia and positivity for anti-DNA and anti-RNP antibodies were present, but active lesions were not, and thus, course observation was selected. Pollakiuria and a sensation of residual urine appeared in February 2005, diarrhea and nausea developed in November, and she was admitted to our hospital. Abdominal CT detected bilateral hydronephrosis, marked hydroureter, and hypertrophy of the urinary bladder wall, cystoscopy detected trabeculation, and features of interstitial cystitis were noted on biopsy. Edematous colon mucosa was noted on lower endoscopy, submucosal inflammatory cell infiltration on biopsy, and IgG deposition in the small vascular wall on immunostaining. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) that developed as lupus cystitis was diagnosed. The clinical findings were improved by 50 mg of prednisolone. Although she developed lupus cystitis at an elderly age of 74 years, IgG deposition in the small vascular wall was detected by immunostaining of the intestinal mucosa. It is a valuable case proved that causative disease of a digestive tract symptom was enterocolitis through an immune complex as autoimmune reaction by SLE immunohistologically. There are 46 cases of lupus cystitis in Japan by 2007 since Kato reported lupus cystitis in 1985. We summarize clinical features of 46 cases and discuss difference with this case.
 ...
PMID:[A case of lupus cystitis in a 74-year-old woman]. 1858 30


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 Next >>