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 23,468 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Dosage recommendations for cyclophosphamide therapy are examined in the light of an accumulated experience that this agent provides a useful palliation in 25% to 35% of patients with advanced breast cancer. It is concluded that an attempt to press dosage to the extreme limits of marrow tolerance does not significantly increase the likelihood of obtaining palliation, while posing a danger to the patient's life.It is also concluded that continuous low dosage schedules appear to achieve a similar incidence of tumour palliation to that from intermittent high dosage of cyclophosphamide. The latter schedule has the disadvantage of a considerably higher incidence of side effects, such as loss of scalp hair, nausea, cystitis and haemopoietic damage. Intensive dosage may however be more efficacious in the occasional case involving urgent management of a localized rapidly growing tumour. Consideration is given to other factors which may affect the degree and duration of palliation by cyclophosphamide, and to measures claimed to decrease the degree of toxicity.
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PMID:Evaluation of cyclophosphamide dosage schedules in breast cancer. 409 49

Among 810 parasitologically examined persons (1981) 277 (34%) showed positive findings. The high percentage of parasitisation in foreigners (86%) is to be explained by the in most cases aimed transfer of these patients (215 of the 810 persons). Affection with Schistosoma was recognized in 51 patients at the age of 17-47 years (means = 21.86), without Africans, and stood in the 3rd place of the distribution of frequency of the heterogeneous parasitoses. 49 of these patients came from Mozambique, 1 from Namibia and 1 from Zambia. In 51% S. haematobium was diagnosed, in 22% S. mansoni and in 27% a double infestation with the two forms of parasites. While 80% of the patients with affection of S. haematobium showed clinical symptoms (macrohaematuria, cystitis complaints), there were only 44% among the S. mansoni group. 47 patients were treated with Niridazole (Ambilhar, 25 mg/kg, 5-7 days), 2 patients with Praziquantel (Biltricide, 40 mg/kg, 1 day) and 2 other patients with Praziquantel after unsuccessful Niridazole therapy. Follow-up examinations were performed after 1, 3, 6 and 12 months. In 17% of the patients treated with Niridazole the primary treatment did not lead to cure; side effects (abdominal pain, nausea, vertigo) were observed in 55%. Praziquantel was tolerated very well. During a control period of 1 year living eggs of Schistosoma were no more proved.
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PMID:[Clinical aspects and therapy of schistosomiasis]. 661 96

Fifty-six evaluable patients with advanced ovarian carcinoma (FIGO III or IV), without prior cytotoxic chemotherapy, were studied to assess the activity of single-agent moderate-dose cyclophosphamide, 40 mg/kg to a maximum dose of 3000 mg, given intravenously as a bolus injection every 3 weeks. All patients were treated as outpatients. Moderate-dose cyclophosphamide resulted in 36 (64%) objective responses (19 CR, 17 PR). Nausea and severe vomiting occurred in all patients, but no patient needed hospitalization for this complication. Other side-effects observed were alopecia (100%), leukocytes less than or equal to 2500/microliters (18%), chemical cystitis (11%) and sepsis (4%). The median duration of response was 11 months, and the estimated median survival by the life-table method for responders was 16 months and for non-responders 4 months (P less than 0.001). Clinical trials previously performed by our group comparing cyclophosphamide alone, either vs cis-platinum, adriamycin and hexamethylmelamine or vs Hexa-CAF, showed a better remission rate with the use of moderate-dose cyclophosphamide alone. Therefore we suggest further investigation of this agent in a moderate dose in disseminated ovarian carcinoma.
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PMID:Moderate-dose cyclophosphamide for disseminated ovarian carcinoma: a phase II study. 668 84

Cinoxacin, a chemotherapeutic agent that inhibits bacterial DNA synthesis, has recently been approved for the treatment of initial and recurrent bacterial urinary tract infections. Although closely related to nalidixic acid, cinoxacin possesses some distinct characteristics: rapid attainment of therapeutic urinary concentrations and greater activity against strains of Enterobacteriaceae that cause urinary tract infections. Biopharmaceutical properties include serum protein binding of approximately 70%, 50-60% excretion of intact drug in the urine of patients with normal renal function, and an elimination half-life of approximately one hour. The elimination half-life is increased in patients with decreased renal function and when probenecid is coadministered. Adverse events occur infrequently and consist of nausea, vomiting, headache, dizziness, and hypersensitivity reactions. The drug compares favorably with standard therapies for the treatment of bacterial cystitis and recurrent urinary tract infections. Initial studies demonstrate that cinoxacin has substantial efficacy as a prophylactic agent for those women who experience recurrent, symptomatic urinary tract infections.
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PMID:Cinoxacin: mechanism of action, spectrum of activity, pharmacokinetics, adverse reactions, and therapeutic indications. 676 8

The objective of this prospective study was to evaluate the mortality and morbidity of sarcoma pulmonary metastasis resection with continuous chemotherapy. Ifosfamide was administered at the daily dose of 1200 mg/m2/24 h. Twenty-six resections of pulmonary sarcoma were performed from December 1990 to April 1992. The primary lesion was already resected in all patients. Peri-operatory chemotherapy was started 30 minutes before surgery and continued for 6 days. Chemotherapy was associated with an uroprotector, antiemetic drugs and adequate hydration. Patients had a mean age of 30.6 years. The delay between initial and thoracic surgery was 81 months. The following was performed: tumorectomy (32), wedge (18), lobectomy (7), diaphragm resection (1), left pneumectomy (1). All patients had the 6-days chemotherapy course. None of the patients died. Respiratory failure following superinfection, but not necessitating assisted ventilation, was observed in one case. The following adverse events were noted: nausea (34.6%), uncomplicated cystitis (15.4%), leucopenia (7.6%), fever (3.8%). Mean duration of hospitalization was 11.8 days. Chemotherapy adverse effects did not result in significant morbidity. Bronchial fistula was not observed. Following the results of this pilot study, we feel that perioperatory chemotherapy can be added to sarcoma pulmonary metastasis resection surgery without increasing patient morbidity and mortality.
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PMID:[Peri-operative chemotherapy during resection of pulmonary metastases of sarcoma]. 789 18

Pefloxacin (Abaktal) was used in treatment of 83 patients: 14 patients with acute pyelonephritis, 5 patients with carbuncle of the kidney, 17 patients with postoperative acute pyelonephritis, 3 patients with urosepsis, 7 patients with acute prostatitis, 18 patients with chronic pyelonephritis in the phase of active inflammation, 9 patients with exacerbation of chronic prostatitis, 3 patients with acute cystitis, 2 patients with acute urethritis and 5 patients with epididymo-orchitis. Two dosage forms of pefloxacin were used i.e. tablets of 400 mg and ampoules of 5 ml containing 400 mg of the active substance. The treatment course amounted to 7-14 days. In the patients with inflammatory infectious diseases of the lower urinary tracts (cystitis and urethritis) the treatment course amounted up to 5 days. The results of the treatment with the ampoule solutions were good and satisfactory. With the use of the tablets the results were unsatisfactory in 3 patients (8.1 per cent). Satisfactory bacteriological efficacy of the treatment was stated in 89.5 per cent of the cases. The adverse reactions such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and skin eruption were recorded in 5 patients (6 per cent).
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PMID:[Clinical effectiveness of pefloxacin (abaktal)in the treatment of inflammatory diseases of the kidneys, urinary tracts and genital organs]. 807 66

Twenty-four patients with a variety of malignant diseases (13 lymphoma, 4 myeloma, 1 ALL, 6 solid tumours) were treated with the alkylating agents busulphan and melphalan as a preparative regimen for autologous BMT. Thirteen males and 11 females, aged 27-53 years (median 39.5 years) received oral busulphan 1 mg/kg q6 h on days -6 to -3, followed by i.v. melphalan 140 mg/m2 on day -2 and infusion of cryopreserved haemopoietic cells on day 0. The major toxicity seen was gastrointestinal with nausea, vomiting and diarrhoea in 17 patients and severe mucositis in 22. There was no evidence of cardiotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, haemorrhagic cystitis or clinical signs of hepatic veno-occlusive disease. Twenty-three patients engrafted with the median duration of neutropenia (< 0.05 x 10(9)/l) 10 days (range 5-63 days) and thrombocytopenia (< 50 x 10(9)/l) 43 days (range 5-350 days). Three patients died of transplant-related complications. Of 15 evaluable patients with active disease at BMT, 9 responded and 6 were refractory. Sixteen evaluable patients were in CR after BMT. Seven relapsed, 1 died in remission and 8 remain in CR 12-46 months (median 29 months) later. Of the group of 13 lymphomas, overall and relapse-free actuarial survival at 36 months was 64% and 58%, respectively, while for the entire group of 24 patients these values were 39% and 34%. Busulphan and melphalan is a safe and inexpensive conditioning regimen for autologous BMT with acceptable toxicity and substantial antitumour activity particularly against lymphomas.
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PMID:Busulphan and melphalan prior to autologous bone marrow transplantation. 827 31

Although cyclophosphamide pulse therapy has been reported to be beneficial for patients with chronic progressive multiple sclerosis for whom other treatment modalities are not expected to improve outcome, the experience with Japanese patients has not been shown in the literature. The reason appears due, in part, to the small size of this group and to the side effects inherent to such a large dose immunosuppressive regimen. Here, we report on 3 cases with chronic progressive multiple sclerosis who have undergone the pulse-dose cyclophosphamide treatment. The cases included 3 women, two with primary progressive multiple sclerosis (one, the classical form and the other, the spinal cord from). The 3rd case was that of myelitis-optic neuritic form and the total blindness of right eye (left side had been totally blind) was impending despite repeated corticosteroid therapies. The regimen included 600 mg/m2 intravenous cyclophosphamide per day at days 1, 2, 4, 6, 8 and infusion of totally 2,500-3,000 ml of intravenous fluid in order for avoiding hemorrhagic cystitis. The side effects were nausea, anorexia, leucopenia (10-15 days from the end of the course and the lowest value being 1,100/microliters), microscopic hematuria in one case, and alopecia in all. All the patients tolerated the therapy well. Two cases improved to a significant degree and the 3rd case with impending blindness has shown the arrest of progression. However, two of them began progressing again in one- to two-year period and the pulse-dose had to be repeated. These 3 cases have shown neurological improvements or at least arrest of the progression following the therapy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Pulse-dose cyclophosphamide therapy for chronic progressive multiple sclerosis]. 833 69

A 34-years-old woman was admitted to our department in February, 1992, because of nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain and diarrhea. She had been diagnosed as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in 1988 and treated with prednisolone at the dose of 5 mg a day. In December, 1991, gastrointestinal symptoms developed followed by anuria on March 3, 1992. The laboratory findings revealed no activities in SLE. Computed tomography (CT) showed bilateral hydroureteronephrosis, swelling of bladder and gastrointestinal wall, and ascites. Under the diagnosis of lupus cystitis, corticosteroid therapy was started with 125 mg of methylprednisolone. Her symptoms improved immediately. Abnormal findings shown in the previous CT disappeared concomitantly. Lupus cystitis was reported by Orth et al. 1983 as severe fetal syndrome. However, because early corticosteroid therapy appears to reverse acute manifestation of lupus cystitis without complications, attention should be paid on lupus cystitis in patients with SLE with gastrointestinal symptoms of unknown etiology and decreasing urinary volume.
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PMID:[A case of lupus cystitis successfully treated with corticosteroid accompanied by gastrointestinal symptoms]. 859 60

The patient, a 35-year-old woman, had been diagnosed as SLE since she developed butterfly rash, arthritis and hair loss with positive antinuclear antibody, anti-DNA antibody, and LE cells in 1989, and treated with daily 20 mg prednisolone (PSL). She had been suffering from nausea, vomiting and waterly diarrhea since 1992. In June 1995, she noted pollakisuria and sense of residual urine, followed by dysuria and nocturia in October. She was admitted to our hospital in January 1996 with progressive gastrointestinal and urinary symptoms. Computerized tomography (CT) depicted thickening of the wall of intestine and bladder, diminished volume of bladder, and bilateral hydronephrosis and hydroureter. Biopsy of the bladder revealed erosion of mucosa and moderate infiltration with inflammatory cells. The diagnosis of lupus cystitis and peritonitis was made and she was initially given intravenous methylprednisolon pulse therapy (500 mg/day) for 3 days, and then switched to 100 mg of daily intravenous PSL. She responded partially to this regimen, but gradually developed gastrointestinal and urinary symptoms again when PSL was tapered down to 70 mg/day. Therefore, monthly intravenous cyclophosuphamide pulse therapy was started. With this therapy, her bladder and bowel symptoms improved, and then the thickness of her bladder and intestinal wall, and the bladder volume normalized. Five months after institution of therapy, PSL was successfully tapered down to 30 mg/day and she was discharged. Intravenous cyclophosphamidepulse therapy is a choice of treatment for steroid-resistant lupus cystitis and peritonitis.
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PMID:[Lupus cystitis and peritonitis successfully treated with intravenous cyclophosphamide pulse therapy: a case report]. 978 90


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