Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027497 (nausea)
 23,468 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Case I: A middle-age homosexual male developed AIDS with Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) and esophageal candidiasis in 1986 during his stay in an European country about five months prior to transfer to Tokyo Metropolitan Komagome Hospital, Tokyo, in 1987. He was also diagnosed as having cryptosporidiosis presenting with mild diarrhea a month following the diagnosis of PCP. Diarrhea was successfully treated with spiramycin. On transfer to Tokyo Metropolitan Komagome Hospital, he was febrile but had no diarrhea. Serum HIV and TPHA were positive and his blood lymphocyte subset T4a was markedly decreased. On the 13th day after transfer to the hospital, watery diarrhea appeared. Cryptosporidium oocysts were detected from the feces taken on the 17th hospital day. The patient died of Escherichia coli septicemia on the 38th hospital day. Autopsy finding yielded Cryptosporidium infection widely spread over the stomach, ileum, bile and pancreatic ducts. Case II: A 31-year-old previously healthy female presented with abrupt onset of mucous stool five times daily. Mucous passage continued on the subsequent days despite administration of loperamide, and the passage increased to 20 times daily with mucous to watery diarrhea associated with mild abdominal cramps and nausea on the 4th day after onset of illness. On the 6th day of illness, she visited Tokyo Metropolitan Komagome Hospital. She denied close contact with pet animals or contact with any person presenting diarrhea. She had no recent history of travelling anywhere outside Tokyo. On examination she was an apparently healthy woman except for a slightly distended abdomen with localized tenderness in the right upper quadrant.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Cryptosporidium diarrhea developing in two Japanese adults--one in AIDS and the other in a normal host. Research Group for Infectious Enteric Diseases, Japan]. 178 13

Cryptosporidiosis was diagnosed in 10 veterinary students. Exposure to the pathogen was associated with direct contact with infected calves and contact with contaminated materials. Affected students had fever (50%), headache (50%), nausea (70%), diarrhea (80%), and vomiting (40%). Clinical signs persisted for 30 hours to 16 days after the onset of clinical signs of disease. Although one student required hospitalization, the remaining students recovered without treatment.
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PMID:Cryptosporidiosis in veterinary students. 320 53

Cryptosporidiosis is reported in a healthy 25-year-old male. Clinical symptoms include 1 day of nausea and low-grade fever and 9 days of diarrhea, followed by 3 days of constipation. Oocysts of Cryptosporidium sp. were present in sugar flotations of the first fecal sample collected 56 hours after onset of the symptoms and in daily fecal samples collected through day 12 of the illness. Oocysts of the human isolate of Cryptosporidium sp. were morphologically indistinguishable from those obtained from naturally and experimentally infected calves. After 1 week of sporulation at room temperature, oocysts from the human and from calves contained four sporozoites and a spherical residuum. When inoculated orally, sporulated Cryptosporidium sp. oocysts of human and of calf origin produced indistinguishable infections in suckling mice and rats and in adult mice.
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PMID:Cryptosporidiosis of man and calf: a case report and results of experimental infections in mice and rats. 707 85

A coprological study realized with 217 HIV adult subjects has allowed to evaluate the frequency of the cryptosporidiosis during this affection in Abidjan. Cryptosporidium sp. has been found in 8.7% of the subjects. Otherwise 78.9% of the patients had a chronic diarrhoea. 89.4% showed an abdominal pain and were dehydrated 94.7% had lost weight and 21% had nausea or vomiting.
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PMID:[Cryptosporidiosis and HIV in Abidjan (Ivory Coast)]. 839 61

Cryptosporidiosis in patients with AIDS often leads to a severe wasting illness that is difficult to treat. Recent reports suggest that paromomycin may be useful in the treatment of intestinal cryptosporidiosis. We reviewed our experience using paromomycin for the treatment of cryptosporidiosis in seven patients with AIDS. All patients received paromomycin (500 mg orally every 6 hours) for an average of 11.7 days. The mean follow-up period was 3.2 months. All patients had an initial response to paromomycin that was characterized by a decrease in frequency of diarrheal episodes, stabilization of body weight, and/or eradication of cryptosporidia from the stool. The mean number of diarrheal episodes decreased from 10.9 to 1.7 daily. Stabilization or increase in body weight was noted for five of seven patients, and eradication of oocysts was documented for three patients. Relapses or recurrences were noted for three patients. Treatment with paromomycin was well tolerated by all patients with the exception of two, who experienced nausea and abdominal discomfort. Thus, paromomycin appears to be a promising agent for treatment of acute cryptosporidiosis.
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PMID:Use of paromomycin for treatment of cryptosporidiosis in patients with AIDS. 816 75

To determine the frequency of pancreatitis and to define risk factors for pancreatitis in patients with AIDS, we compared patients with pancreatitis to patients without pancreatitis in an urban infectious disease practice. Pancreatitis was defined as at least one clinical sign or symptom (nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, or tenderness) accompanied by elevation of serum amylase or lipase. Twenty-four (22%) of 105 patients with AIDS, 2 (4%) of 46 patients with AIDS-related complex, 1 (3%) of 39 asymptomatic patients infected with HIV-1, and none of 9 uninfected patients at risk for HIV-1 developed pancreatitis as defined above. Fourteen patients experienced multiple episodes and three were symptomatic for more than 2 months. Pancreatitis was more likely to have occurred in patients with AIDS (P < .001), biliary tract disease (P = .013), and hypertriglyceridemia (P = .032). After matching for these factors and duration of current HIV disease, cryptosporidiosis, intravenous pentamidine, and isoniazid were each associated independently with pancreatitis (P < .05). Before didanosine (ddl) became available, 22% of the patients with AIDS in this practice had pancreatitis. Cryptosporidiosis, isoniazid, and intravenous pentamidine should be considered among the potential etiologies.
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PMID:Pancreatitis associated with human immunodeficiency virus infection: a matched case-control study. 882 75

Symptoms consistent with an outbreak of cryptosporidiosis (diarrhea, vomiting, nausea, and abdominal cramps) occurred on a U.S. Coast Guard cutter within 0-18 days after the cutter filled its tanks with Milwaukee, Wisconsin city water in March 1993. At three-weeks postdocking (PD), the suspected water was removed, and serum samples and stool specimens were collected from 47 of the 58 crew members, as well as questionnaire data on their water consumption and symptoms aboard the cutter. At 10-weeks PD and/or at 28-weeks PD, additional serum specimens were collected. Intensitometric data from enzyme-linked immunoelectrotransfer blot (EITB) were obtained on IgA responses to a 17-kD antigen group, IgM responses to a 27-kD antigen group, and IgG responses to 27-, 17-, and 15-kD antigen groups extracted from oocysts. In addition, IgG responses to crude oocyst antigens were obtained by ELISA. Based on reported symptoms, EITB results, and stool examination, the crew members were classified as confirmed (10), probable (10), suspected (22), and noncases (16). Of the 10 confirmed cases (all symptomatic) and the 10 probable cases (eight symptomatic) whose stools were positive and negative, respectively, for Cryptosporidium oocysts by microscopy, all showed changes in EITB intensities to the antigen groups and were considered EITB positive. The remaining 38 crew members, 22 suspected cases (all symptomatic), and 16 noncases (all asymptomatic), if tested, had negative stool examinations and were considered EITB negative. Of the 10 confirmed cases, only four showed a significant change in IgG responses (P < 0.05) between three-weeks PD and follow-up serum specimens by ELISA. Crew members considered confirmed cases consumed significantly more water (P < or = 0.005) aboard the cutter than noncases. Crew members considered EITB positive consumed more water (P < or = 0.04) than crew members considered EITB negative while there was no significant difference in water consumption (P > or = 0.19) between crew members considered ELISA positive and ELISA negative. Using the EITB, the observation of changes in intensity of IgA responses to the 17-kD antigen group, IgM responses to the 27-kD antigen group, and IgG responses to the 27- 17-, and 15-kD antigen groups from C. parvum oocysts between acute and convalescent serum specimens appears useful for immunodiagnosis of Cryptosporidium infection and for prospective epidemiologic studies designed to monitor infection risk.
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PMID:Enzyme-linked immunoelectrotransfer blot analysis of a cryptosporidiosis outbreak on a United States Coast Guard cutter. 945 1

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends that immunocompromised people avoid exposure to cryptosporidium in outbreak settings by drinking water that is boiled, filtered, or bottled. A parasite, cryptosporidium is spread when persons ingest infected feces of humans or animals, or eat raw or undercooked vegetables contaminated with an egg-like form of the parasite. Symptoms include watery diarrhea, headache, abdominal cramps, nausea, vomiting and low-grade fever; in immunocompromised patients infection often leads to weight loss, dehydration, and may become life-threatening. Drugs can treat the symptoms, although cryptosporidiosis is not curable and often recurs in severely immunocompromised patients. To prevent becoming infected; HIV-positive people should not drink water from lakes, rivers, and swimming pools; avoid unpasteurized milk or milk products; wash hands after contact with pets or with soil; and follow safe-sex guidelines. The CDC also recommends that in settings with an outbreak of cryptosporidium, individuals boil water for one minute to kill the parasite or use a filter for tap water that is capable of removing particles less than one micron in diameter. A third option is to use bottled water for drinking, although it is difficult to know which is safe since no organization regulates it.
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PMID:CDC provides guidelines on suspect water supplies. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 1136 76

On May 6, 1998, the Olmsted County Public Health Department initiated an investigation into an outbreak of diarrheal illness that had occurred among people who swam frequently at a local swimming pool. Interviews of swimmers and microbiological testing of stool samples and swimming pool filter material were conducted to determine the source of the outbreak. Twenty-six of 206 swimmers interviewed had illnesses that met the case definition. The most common symptoms were diarrhea (100 percent), abdominal cramps (81 percent), and nausea (77 percent). The median duration of symptoms was nine days. Four cases of cryptosporidiosis were confirmed by stool analysis. The outbreak was found to be associated with swimming at the pool. Public awareness-including an understanding that recreational water facilities should be avoided during diarrheal illness-and proper pool hygiene are vital in preventing cryptosporidiosis outbreaks. Health care providers also must consider testing specifically for cryptosporidiosis when a patient presents with persistent diarrhea.
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PMID:Cryptosporidiosis outbreak in a recreational swimming pool in Minnesota. 1531 53

An outbreak of cryptosporidiosis among visitors to a public swimming pool occurred in the late summer of 2002. We performed a retrospective cohort study, including 3 cohorts, A) 178 school-children who visited the pool on a single occasion, B) 263 arbitrarily chosen school children, aged 6-12 y, and their household members, living within the municipality where the outbreak occurred, and C) an additional 28 individuals with laboratory confirmed cryptosporidiosis. The outbreak lasted 4 weeks and affected an estimated 800-1000 individuals. The primary attack rate was 40-50%. The median incubation period was 5 d (range 2-13 d). The secondary attack rate was 8-10%. Diarrhoea was reported by 93% of the patients, abdominal pain 89%, nausea 73%, and fever 40%. Fifty-four percent had<5 loose stools and 20% had>10 loose stools per d. The duration of symptoms was 4-10 d for 52% and>10 d for 34% of the cases. This is the first reported outbreak of pool associated cryptosporidiosis in Sweden and emphasizes the importance of proper control routines of swimming pools with continuous assessment of the quality of the water sources and filtration processes.
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PMID:An outbreak of cryptosporidiosis associated with exposure to swimming pool water. 1605 72


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