Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027497 (nausea)
 23,468 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Mezlocillin (2 g) was administered by a single intravenous injection to 32 male patients with gonorrheal urethritis and to five female patients with gonorrheal cervicitis, none of whom had received any pre-treatment or had had any complications. The results of the treatment were "good" in 32 cases (86.5%), "fair" in three (8.1%) and "poor" in two patients (5.4%). One of the two "poor" cases showed no sensitivity to any penicillin derivative. Nausea during injection was observed twice, but the patients recovered immediately after the injection.
Infection 1982
PMID:Mezlocillin in the treatment of gonorrhea. 621 8

The pharmacology, in vitro mycologic activity, toxicity, and efficacy of ketoconazole were studied in a Phase-II evaluation by the National Institutes of Health and National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease Mycoses Study Group. This report emphasizes the toxicity and clinical response data in 52 patients with the following systemic mycoses: blastomycosis in 16 patients; nonmeningeal coccidioidomycosis in 13; histoplasmosis in 8; nonmeningeal cryptococcosis in 7; sporotrichosis in 7; and both blastomycosis and nonmeningeal coccidioidomycosis in 1. Maximum daily doses of ketoconazole were 100 mg in 1 patient; 200 mg in 23; 400 mg in 12; and 600 mg in 16. In 52% of the patients, duration of therapy ranged from less than 1 to 6 months, whereas in 35%, duration ranged from 7 to 12 months, and in 13%, from 12 to 22 months. In 35 patients (67%), evidence of toxicity was not seen. Nausea, anorexia, or vomiting occurred in 21%. Cure or marked improvement was shown in 27 patients (52%), whereas failure of the primary course was seen in 14 (27%) and relapse after ketoconazole was discontinued in 11 (21%). Although this evaluation did not provide clear-cut clinical response data, our results indicate that ketoconazole, in the dosage regimens used, was more effective in patients with histoplasmosis and nonmeningeal cryptococcosis than in patients with blastomycosis and nonmeningeal coccidioidomycosis, and least effective in patients with sporotrichosis.
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PMID:Treatment of systemic mycoses with ketoconazole: emphasis on toxicity and clinical response in 52 patients. National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases collaborative antifungal study. 629 61

The clinical effectiveness and safety of cefotiam (CTM) in infectious diseases in the field of otorhinolaryngology was evaluated from 30 patients (otitis media 18, pharyngeal infection 4, chronic paranasal sinusitis 1, esophagitis 1, acute bronchitis 1, others 4). Side effect (fever, nausea) was found in a 14 years old male patient. Skin test revealed positive in 1 patient. These cases were excepted from evaluating clinical effectiveness of CTM. In 28 patients, the overall ratio of clinical effectiveness was 60.7%. In patients of otitis media, the clinical effectiveness ratio was 41.2%, whereas the ratio was 75.0--100% in patients of other diseases. In particular, the clinical effect was fair or poor in patients to whom the drug was given only once a day. These results suggest that this chemotherapeutic drug should be administered at least twice a day, particularly to the patients of otitis media. The bacteriological response to CTM was evaluated from 53 strains, isolated from 28 patients before treatment. Eradication rate of bacteria was 60.4%. No abnormal laboratory findings, relating to the drug, were observed after treatment.
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PMID:[Clinical effect of cefotiam on otorhinolaryngologic infections]. 632 44

A double-blind study was designed to test the hypothesis that local side-effects during i. v. administration of erythromycin lactobionate depend on the drug concentration and that they can therefore be minimized by dissolving erythromycin in a larger infusion volume. Forty healthy students were assigned in a randomized sequence to four 30 min infusions: 120 and 250 ml of erythromycin lactobionate (1 g in 0.9% NaCl) and 120 and 250 ml of placebo (0.9% NaCl). An unexpectedly high incidence (95% and 80% for the infusion volumes of 120 and 250 ml, respectively) of severe systemic side-effects was observed during the first 79 infusions. Because all of these systemic side-effects were associated with the infusion of erythromycin, the study was terminated at this point. Side-effects included abdominal cramps, nausea, vomiting, dizziness and profuse sweating. The postulated positive effect of lower erythromycin concentrations in the infusion on local side-effects (pain at the infusion site, erythema) was marginal (63% vs. 45%). Compared to the systemic side-effects, the problem of local tolerance is less important. In young adults, 30 min infusions of 1 g erythromycin lactobionate are associated with a high incidence of systemic side-effects which may be due to an age-dependent effect of the drug on smooth muscle.
Infection
PMID:Side-effects due to the intravenous infusion of erythromycin lactobionate. 688 76

Infection with Strongyloides stercoralis, the most common intestinal parasite at our hospital, was encountered in 56 patients over a 3-yr period. The majority of the patients were male adults over 50 years old who had a chronic debilitating associated illness; about half the patients were immunocompromised. Strongyloidiasis was usually a chronic relapsing illness of mild to moderate severity characterized by gastrointestinal complaints (diarrhea, pain, tenderness, nausea, vomiting) and peripheral eosinophilia. Hypoalbuminemia also occurred. Stool examination for larvae was an effective method of diagnosing the parasite, and treatment with thiabendazole was usually successful. The frequent occurrence of S. stercoralis in geriatric patients with other medical problems and the delays in making the diagnosis suggest that the clinical spectrum of strongyloidiasis is greater than generally appreciated by the medical profession. Increased awareness of S. stercoralis is important to prevent the hyperinfection syndrome, which was estimated to occur in 1.5-2.5% of our patients.
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PMID:Clinical features of Strongyloides stercoralis infection in an endemic area of the United States. 722 72

The prevention of cerebral toxoplasmosis and of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia is an essential objective in the management of patients infected with HIV. Given that roxithromycin is active in vitro against Toxoplasma gondii and that in 1989 Dolermann reported the effective treatment of P. carinii respiratory infections with erythromycin, a randomized pilot study was undertaken in 52 patients infected with HIV. Patients were treated with either: a monthly dose of pentamidine aerosol (300 mg); roxithromycin once a week (300 mg t.i.d.); or a combination of pentamidine aerosol and roxithromycin. Intention to treat analysis was applied to these 52 patients, all of whom received at least one treatment dose. Five out of 18 patients treated with pentamidine aerosol, 1/17 patients treated with pentamidine aerosol + roxithromycin and none of the 17 patients treated with roxithromycin developed cerebral toxoplasmosis (p = 0.038). P. carinii pneumonia was diagnosed in one patient in the pentamidine aerosol-treated group, in one patient treated with roxithromycin and in none of the patients treated with pentamidine aerosol + roxithromycin (non-significant difference). Four cases of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare infection were seen in the pentamidine aerosol-treated group (p = 0.028) and none in the roxithromycin groups. Adverse events leading to the discontinuation of treatment occurred in 5/34 (14.7%) patients treated with roxithromycin. Nausea, abdominal pain and raised transaminases occurred in four patients and a skin allergy in the final patient. Roxithromycin appears to be effective in the prevention of pulmonary pneumocystis infection and of cerebral toxoplasmosis in HIV-infected patients. However, these results require confirmation in a larger study.
Infection 1995
PMID:Prevention of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and of cerebral toxoplasmosis by roxithromycin in HIV-infected patients. 778 14

The activity of pidotimod ((R)-3-[(S)-(5-oxo-2-pyrrolidinyl) carbonyl]-thiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid, PGT/1A, CAS 121808-62-6) was studied vs. placebo in a double-blind, randomized, multicentre trial, involving 60 pediatric patients with recurrent urinary tract infections. Recovery from acute events was quicker with pidotimod than with placebo (9.6 vs. 12.3 days). In treated patients antibiotic therapy was shorter (6.9 vs. 8.3 days) and main symptomatic parameters (body temperature, vesical tenesmus, stranguria, pollakiuria, total number of symptoms, total symptomatic intensity, rate of asymptomatic patients, haematuria, leukocyturia, positive urinary culture) receded quickly. In patients receiving the drug as well as in patients treated with placebo changes in laboratory parameters were observed, indicating recovery from the acute infectious disease. A significant trend to normalization of the immune response, expressed by chemotaxis and index of leukocyte phagocytosis, was found only in patients treated with pidotimod. After the acute episode a significant decrease of risk of relapses (69%) was observed in these patients. If a relapse occurs, the response of treated patients is quicker (duration of fever, total time of relapses) than for control patients. These findings allow to correlate the individual immune response activation to the resistance to recurrent infections and also to a better response to therapy if the disease occurs and becomes clinically relevant. No side effects were observed. Mild reactions (4 nausea/vomiting, 1 erythema) occurred only in 5 patients (2 pidotimod, 3 placebo) but were attributed to concomitant antibiotic therapy. No alterations of main laboratory parameters were found. These findings confirm the tolerability of the drug also in long-term treatment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Therapeutic efficacy and safety of pidotimod in the treatment of urinary tract infections in children. 785 49

Although serologic studies have identified hantaviral infection in the United States, acute disease has not been recognized. This study describes 3 cases of domestically acquired hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) in the United States. Infection was due to a local strain of Seoul virus (Baltimore rat virus). A review of the clinical features indicated a mild illness characterized by nausea, vomiting, renal and liver failure similar to HFRS described elsewhere for rat-borne viruses. Follow-up of 2 patients identified persistent hypertension and renal disease providing further evidence of an association between past hantaviral infection and hypertensive renal disease.
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PMID:Domestic cases of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in the United States. 799 Oct 40

The term biliary pseudolithiasis was coined by Schaad (1988) to describe the appearance of gallbladder sludge following treatment with ceftriaxone. After cessation of the drug the condition resolves, hence the term "pseudolithiasis." The third generation cephalosporin, cefatriaxone, is a very potent, broad spectrum antibiotic indicated in meningitis, osteomyelitis, pyelonephritis, Lyme disease and many other severe infectious diseases. Up to 46% of those receiving this antibiotic develop gallbladder sludge. Most are asymptomatic, but a small proportion may develop right upper quadrant pain, nausea, vomiting and even cholecystitis. Ultrasonography may demonstrate many, small, echogenic particles within the gallbladder, as well as larger echogenic foci casting acoustic shadows. However, it can not differentiate these pseudostones from real stones. There are reports of surgical intervention in such cases. 2 boys, aged 5 and 10 years, respectively, treated with ceftriaxone for meningitis are presented. Both developed symptoms during treatment and in both gallbladder sludge was identified by ultrasonography. In 1 intraluminal gallbladder findings were identical with the appearance of surgical stones. Follow-up ultrasonography after the drug was stopped showed no evidence of pseudostones in either case. Awareness of this phenomena might save many unnecessary operations.
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PMID:[Sonographic demonstration of pseudo-cholelithiasis after ceftriaxone]. 799 84

Pefloxacin (Abaktal) was used in treatment of 83 patients: 14 patients with acute pyelonephritis, 5 patients with carbuncle of the kidney, 17 patients with postoperative acute pyelonephritis, 3 patients with urosepsis, 7 patients with acute prostatitis, 18 patients with chronic pyelonephritis in the phase of active inflammation, 9 patients with exacerbation of chronic prostatitis, 3 patients with acute cystitis, 2 patients with acute urethritis and 5 patients with epididymo-orchitis. Two dosage forms of pefloxacin were used i.e. tablets of 400 mg and ampoules of 5 ml containing 400 mg of the active substance. The treatment course amounted to 7-14 days. In the patients with inflammatory infectious diseases of the lower urinary tracts (cystitis and urethritis) the treatment course amounted up to 5 days. The results of the treatment with the ampoule solutions were good and satisfactory. With the use of the tablets the results were unsatisfactory in 3 patients (8.1 per cent). Satisfactory bacteriological efficacy of the treatment was stated in 89.5 per cent of the cases. The adverse reactions such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and skin eruption were recorded in 5 patients (6 per cent).
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PMID:[Clinical effectiveness of pefloxacin (abaktal)in the treatment of inflammatory diseases of the kidneys, urinary tracts and genital organs]. 807 66


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