Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027497 (nausea)
 23,468 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

To evaluate interactions between the opiate and adrenergic systems in healthy humans, concomitant administration of the opiate antagonist, naloxone hydrochloride, and the alpha 2-adrenergic receptor antagonist, yohimbine hydrochloride, was compared with the administration of placebo and of each drug separately. A synergistic effect of the combination (larger than the sum of the effects of the two drugs separately) was observed on subject ratings of nervousness, anxiety, tremors, palpitations, nausea, hot and cold flashes, and increased plasma cortisol concentrations. In addition, following the combination, each of the male subjects studied reported a full penile erection lasting at least 60 minutes, an effect not reported when each drug was given separately. These results demonstrate that interactions between the opiate the adrenergic systems have important implications for our understanding of the cause and treatment of anxiety disorders and male impotence.
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PMID:Alpha 2-adrenergic and opiate receptor blockade. Synergistic effects on anxiety in healthy subjects. 302 Oct 82

Changes of portal blood flow in patients with early dumping syndrome and those with oxyhyperglycemia were determined after oral ingestion of 300ml of 25% glucose solution by a linear-type B mode electroscanner and pulsed Doppler flowmeter. In normal volunteers, the portal blood flow increased slowly to the peak level of 201% of fasting value at 40 minutes. The portal blood flow in postgastrectomy patients reached the peak value more quickly, with the peak level of 245% at 10 minutes in patients with the early dumping syndrome, and of 172% at 15 minutes in patients without the syndrome. The portal blood flow in patients with early dumping syndrome was significantly greater than that without the syndrome. Patients with early dumping syndrome had characteristic symptoms such as general malaise, cold sweat, nausea, abdominal pain, diarrhea in accordance with increased portal blood flow. Patients with high grade oxyhyperglycemia (peak blood sugar after 75g OGTT greater than 250mg/dl) had significantly higher portal blood flow and peripheral blood sugar than those with low grade oxyhyperglycemia (peak blood sugar less than 250mg/dl) without difference in IRI between the two groups.
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PMID:[A study of portal blood flow changes in patients with early dumping syndrome and patients with oxyhyperglycemia]. 306 16

In a double-blind randomized placebo trial, the effect of the powdered rhizome of ginger (Zingiber officinale) was tested on seasickness. Eighty naval cadets, unaccustomed to sailing in heavy seas reported during voyages on the high seas, symptoms of seasickness every hour for 4 consecutive hours after ingestion of 1 g of the drug or placebo. Ginger root reduced the tendency to vomiting and cold sweating significantly better than placebo did (p less than 0.05). With regard to vomiting, a modified Protection Index (PI) = 72% was calculated. Remarkably fewer symptoms of nausea and vertigo were reported after ginger root ingestion, but the difference was not statistically significant. For all symptom categories, PI = 38% was calculated.
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PMID:Ginger root against seasickness. A controlled trial on the open sea. 327 42

Forty-seven climbers participated in a double-blind, randomized trial comparing acetazolamide 250 mg, dexamethasone 4 mg, and placebo every eight hours as prophylaxis for acute mountain sickness during rapid, active ascent of Mount Rainier (elevation 4,392 m). Forty-two subjects (89.4 percent) achieved the summit in an average of 34.5 hours after leaving sea level. At the summit or high point attained above base camp, the group taking dexamethasone reported less headache, tiredness, dizziness, nausea, clumsiness, and a greater sense of feeling refreshed (p less than or equal to 0.05). In addition, they reported fewer problems of runny nose and feeling cold, symptoms unrelated to acute mountain sickness. The acetazolamide group differed significantly (p less than or equal to 0.05) from other groups at low elevations (1,300 to 1,600 m), in that they experienced more feelings of nausea and tiredness, and they were less refreshed. These drug side effects probably obscured the previously established prophylactic effects of acetazolamide for acute mountain sickness. Separate analysis of an acetazolamide subgroup that did not experience side effects at low elevations revealed a prophylactic effect of acetazolamide similar in magnitude to the dexamethasone effect but lacking the euphoric effects of dexamethasone. This study demonstrates that prophylaxis with dexamethasone can reduce the symptoms associated with acute mountain sickness during active ascent and that acetazolamide can cause side effects that may limit its effectiveness as prophylaxis against the disease.
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PMID:A randomized trial of dexamethasone and acetazolamide for acute mountain sickness prophylaxis. 333 64

We identified two siblings with exercise-induced anaphylaxis who share the HLA haplotype A3-B8-DR3 with their atopic father. The index case, a 16-year-old female, noted initial episodes at age 13. Intense pruritus, urticaria, facial edema, choking sensation, nausea, hypothermia, and collapse followed vigorous running but not swimming, cycling, racquetball, solar exposure, or cold exposure. Neither antihistamine, antiserotonin, anticholinergic nor epinephrine therapy was entirely effective or protective; only modification of running prevented episodes. Three similar episodes were noted at age 15 years by a brother who, now age 25, relates a 4-year history of seasonal rhinitis and exercise-related urticaria without anaphylactoid reaction. The remainder of the family (father, 47; mother, 46; brother, 22 years) does not have exercise intolerance. The father has allergic rhinitis; his nephew suffers exercise-induced urticaria without collapse. HLA typing revealed the father to be A1-B8-DR3, A3-B8-DR3; the symptomatic daughter to be A3-B8-DR3, A30-B5-DR8; and the symptomatic son to be A3-B8-DR3, A30-B5-DR8. The asymptomatic mother was A30-B5-DR8, A2-B7-DR5 and the asymptomatic son A1-B8-DR3, A30-B5-DR8. We describe exercise-induced anaphylaxis in a unique familial setting, perhaps linked to the HLA haplotype A3-B8-DR3.
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PMID:Familial exercise-induced anaphylaxis. 347 Oct 98

Between Oct. 1, 1983, and June 30, 1985, Cryptosporidium oocysts were identified in stool specimens from 74 patients who presented with gastrointestinal symptoms to their physicians. Questionnaires prepared to determine travel history, symptoms, duration of illness and epidemiologic characteristics of the infection were completed for 67 (90%) of the patients by their physicians; the information on the other 7 patients was obtained from the requisitions accompanying the specimens. Of the 67, 35 (52%) had recently been to Mexico. The infection was likely transmitted through contaminated water, food and, possibly, milk. The infections in patients who had not travelled were thought to be due to contact with infected pets or farm animals or with infected children attending daycare centres. Diarrhea, vomiting, fever and nausea usually lasted for 1 to 2 weeks, except in those with immune deficiency, in whom the symptoms persisted for up to 6 months. The condition was diagnosed by identification of oocysts in stool specimens that underwent formalin-ether sedimentation and modified cold Kinyoun staining.
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PMID:Cryptosporidium infections: a laboratory survey. 373 Sep 80

A series of 64 women complaining of severe constipation is described, in each of whom delayed elimination of markers from the colon was demonstrated but a barium enema was normal. All completed a detailed questionnaire and the responses are compared with those obtained in an age-matched series of healthy women with no bowel complaint. In each group 40 women also recorded in a manner suitable for analysis all food eaten over a period of seven days. The patients passed about one stool weekly with the aid of laxatives, and were greatly troubled by abdominal pain, bloating, malaise and nausea, to the extent that the symptoms were a major social disability and many lost time from work. Decreased bowel frequency and other symptoms were often first noticed around the age of puberty and slowly became worse until they were severe by the third decade. In a few, the symptoms began suddenly after an abdominal operation c-accident. Comparison with the control group showed no evidence that the patients had been underweight at any time or that they took less fibre; treatment with a bran supplement did not usually help them. The patients experienced rectal sensation before defaecation less often than the control subjects and they used digital pressure to assist defaecation more frequently. The women with constipation tended to have more painful and irregular menstrual periods, and there was an increased incidence of ovarian cystectomy and hysterectomy. Hesitancy in starting to pass urine was more common, as were some somatic symptoms such as cold hands or blackouts. Attention is drawn to this distinctive combination in young women of slow total gut transit time and a colon of normal width on barium enema, associated with abdominal, anorectal, gynaecological and somatic symptoms, as a disorder which can be disabling and particularly difficult to treat.
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PMID:Severe chronic constipation of young women: 'idiopathic slow transit constipation'. 394 36

Beta-adrenergic blocking drugs are gaining acceptance as initial therapy for patients with mild to moderate hypertension. In a postmarketing surveillance study, 5,190 hypertensive patients received timolol maleate monotherapy and were evaluated by 1,355 physicians. A total of 1,057 patients did not complete the study: 28% of these patients experienced an adverse event. Mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure readings were reduced 20 and 13 mm Hg, respectively. Mean diastolic blood pressure was reduced 11% for patients with mild hypertension; larger mean reductions were noted for patients with moderate (17%) and severe hypertension (22%). The effect in black and elderly patients was less than in other groups. Although 22% of all patients experienced an adverse event, less than 2.2% of all patients experienced events related to beta-adrenergic blockade, ie, respiratory difficulty, heart failure, bradycardia, and cold extremities. Fatigue, dizziness, and nausea were the most frequently reported adverse events requiring discontinuation of therapy. Timolol monotherapy is a well-tolerated and effective treatment for a broad range of hypertensive patients.
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PMID:Clinical experience with timolol maleate monotherapy of hypertension. 396 44

Pain characteristics of the Tolosa-Hunt syndrome were abstracted from the observations of five patients with repeated incidents of painful ophthalmoplegia. The pain was experienced either as pressure behind the ophthalmoplegic eye or as boring pain in one orbital region, fluctuating in intensity, sometimes worsening to knife stab-like pain in the eye. The unilateral pain did not shift side during a solitary incident of painful ophthalmoplegia and was never completely absent. The pain was increased when the eyes were strained, when cold wind blew against the face, and when a change in the weather took place. It was accompanied by a feeling of swelling in the affected region, but not by nausea nor vomiting. Conventional headache drugs provided little relief. All cases experienced tenderness when pressure was applied to the ipsilateral supraorbital foramen. The pain was suggested to be related to an increased load on the impaired venous blood flow in the region of the superior orbital fissure.
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PMID:Pain characteristics of painful ophthalmoplegia (the Tolosa-Hunt syndrome). 401 17

In each of the 16 patients included in our first study [6 idiopathic Raynaud's phenomenon (I), 4 associated with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and 6 with progressive systemic sclerosis (PSS)] digital vasospasm could be reproduced by immersion of both hands in cold water (4 degree C). Each patient received in a double-blind manner and random order on two consecutive days, the calcium-channel blocking agent nifedipine (20 mg) and placebo. Nifedipine protection against vasospasm provoked by cold water (4 degrees C) was considered good or excellent in 14 of the 16 patients (p less than 0.001 versus placebo). In the second study, 30 patients [12 I, 10 PSS, 5 SLE and 3 rheumatoid arthritis (RA)] received in a double blind manner and random order, on two consecutive weeks, nifedipine (20 mg 3 time daily) and placebo. The improvement with nifedipine (in percentage of the decrease of the number of vasospastic attacks) was 90.95 in the 1 group, 78.63 SLE and RA and 64.02 in PSS (p less than 0.01). An open study during 3 months has confirmed the effectiveness of nifedipine (10 mg 3 times daily). The improvement was 88.92 in the 1 group, 76.33 in SLE and RA and 59.16 in PSS, 7 out of 30 patients stopped the treatment because of side effects (headache, flush, nausea, oedema of the ankles). Thus nifedipine appears to be extremely useful in the treatment of Raynaud's phenomenon.
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PMID:[Controlled study of nifedipine in the treatment of Raynaud's phenomenon]. 628 45


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