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Query: UMLS:C0027497 (nausea)
 23,468 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Most of the previous literature concerning otologic problems in compressed gas environments has emphasized middle ear barotrauma. With recent increases in commercial, military, and sport diving to deeper depths, inner ear disturbances during these exposures have been noted more frequently. Studies of inner ear physiology and pathology during diving indicate that the causes and treatment of these problems differ depending upon the phase and type of diving. Humans exposed to simulated depths of up to 305 meters without barotrauma or decompression sickness develop transient, conductive hearing losses with no audiometric evidence of cochlear dysfunction. Transient vertigo and nystagmus during diving have been noted with caloric stimulation, resulting from the unequal entry of cold water into the external auditory canals, and with asymmetric middle ear pressure equilibration during ascent and descent (alternobaric vertigo). Equilibrium disturbances noted with nitrogen narcosis, oxygen toxicity, hypercarbia, or hypoxia appear primarily related to the effects of these conditions upon the central nervous system and not to specific vestibular end-organ dysfunction. Compression of humans in helium-oxygen at depths greater than 152.4 meters results in transient symptoms of tremor, dizziness, and nausea plus decrements in postural equilibrium and psychomotor performance, the high pressure nervous syndrome. Vestibular function studies during these conditions indicate that these problems are due to central dysfunction and not to vestibular end-organ dysfunction. Persistent inner ear injuries have been noted during several phases of diving: 1) Such injuries during compression (inner ear barotrauma) have been related to round window ruptures occurring with straining, or a Valsalva's maneuver during inadequate middle ear pressure equilibration. Divers who develop cochlear and/or vestibular symptoms during shallow diving in which decompression sickness is unlikely or during compression in deeper diving, should be placed on bed rest with head elevation and avoidance of maneuvers which result in increased cerebrospinal fluid and intralabyrinthine pressure. With no improvement in symptoms after 48 hours, exploratory tympanotomy and repair of a possible labyrinthine window fistula should be considered. Recompression therapy is contraindicated in these cases...
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PMID:Diving injuries to the inner ear. 40 82

Of 34 non-bacterial gastroenteritis outbreaks which occurred at day-care centers, kindergartens, elementary and secondary schools in Tokyo during the period from February 1985 to June 1991, 28 outbreaks from which small round structured viruses (SRSV) were detected in the patients' stool specimens by electron microscopy were subjected to an epidemiological investigation. The outbreaks tended to occur frequently in the cold season; twenty-two (79%) of these outbreaks from November through April. Though detailed epidemiological informations was not obtained from all outbreaks, the common source of infection were presumed to be present in many of the outbreaks, judged from the incidence as to time course of patients. Food doubted to be incriminated as transmission vehicles in these outbreaks was served at schools, kindergartens, and lodgings. In some outbreaks, SRSV was detected from stool specimens of food handlers, or they were seroconverted to SRSV, suggesting that food was incriminated as a transmission vehicle. The symptoms of patients differ slightly from age to age: in the age range of 0 to 6 years, vomiting 90%, fever 41% and diarrhea 32%; in the 6 to 12 year-olds, nausea 61%, vomiting 48%, abdominal pain 65%, diarrhea 20% and fever 29%; and in the 12 to 15 year-olds, nausea 69%, vomiting 42%, abdominal pain 60%, diarrhea 30% and fever 34%. The lower the age of patient vomiting was more frequently observed. In these lower age groups, the frequency of nausea and vomiting tended to exceed that of diarrhea.
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PMID:[Outbreaks of acute gastroenteritis caused by small round structured viruses in Tokyo]. 133 Dec 65

Inhibitory effects on acute nausea and emesis, safety and usefulness of a single oral dose of Ondansetron tablet were evaluated in 3 different dose levels for comparison by telephone registration system, in patients receiving non-platinum anti-cancer drugs. A single dose of ondansetron at 4 mg, 8 mg or 12 mg was given orally at 2 hrs before the initial administration of anti-cancer drugs. The patients were observed for 24 hours after administration of anti-cancer drugs, for occurrence of nausea and emesis. Efficacy rates of inhibitory effects on nausea and emesis were 83.3% (10/12 cases) in 4 mg dose group, 78.6% (11/14 cases) in 8 mg dose group and 84.6% (11/13 cases) in 12 mg dose group, without statistically significant difference. Side effects were observed in 3 cases (headache, cold feeling and trembling in limbs, sleepiness) in 12 mg dose group, but these symptoms were not severe and disappeared after several hours or several days. No abnormality in clinical laboratory findings attributable to Ondansetron was observed. From the above, it was considered that Ondansetron was a clinically useful anti-emetic for nausea and emesis induced by non-platinum anti-cancer drugs and that 4 mg once daily was the optimal dose.
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PMID:[Examination of anti-emetic effect, safety and usefulness of single oral dose of ondansetron tablet in nausea and emesis induced by anti-cancer drugs--dose-finding study of ondansetron tablet in patients receiving non-platinum anti-cancer drugs]. 138 76

Ropinirol (SK&F 101468) is a novel drug characterized preclinically as a potent and selective D2-dopaminergic agonist. In the present study the effects of acute doses of 0.4, 0.8 and 1 mg were profiled in eight healthy male volunteers, using a placebo-controlled cross-over study design with incremental dosing. The drug was found to cause mild nausea and postural faintness at the highest dose in one subject. There were no further relevant clinical events, and the postural responses at 200 and 360 min after dosing remained in general well maintained, with the exception of a slight reduction of standing systolic blood pressure. The drug furthermore was found to reduce serum prolactin levels; the magnitude and duration of this effect were dose-related. The drug tended to reduce the noradrenaline responses to 5 min isometric handgrip testing (30% of maximal strength) at 165 min after dosing, and the noradrenaline responses to 3 min immobile standing at 200 min after dosing. The drug also tended to blunt the venous plasma dopamine responses to 3 min cold pressor test (90 min after dosing) and to standing at 200 min after dosing. These changes are concluded to be compatible with the assumed peripheral D2-dopaminergic actions of the drug.
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PMID:Effects of the novel D2-dopaminergic agonist ropinirol on supine resting and stimulated circulatory and neuroendocrine variables in healthy volunteers. 197 Nov 70

From August 1988 to April 1989, we observed 52 patients who developed so-called 'needle fainting' (or what the Chinese call 'Yun-Cheng' phenomenon) 55 times among a total sample of 28,285 procedures of acupuncture therapy at the Center for Traditional Medicine of Veterans General Hospital in Taipei. Of these syncopal patients, 35 were male and 17 were female. Their mean age was 45 years (with a range of 11 to 72 years). All patients were in an upright position when needle fainting occurred. Their usual manifestations were pallor, cold sweating, nausea, and bradycardia. They all recovered soon after lying down; no one developed a complete loss of consciousness. No mortality was noted. When comparing the patients who experienced syncope during their first visit to our Clinic (Group I, n = 27) with the patients who experienced syncope in a follow-up treatment (Group II, n = 25; 3 patients had 2 episodes in sequential treatments), we found a significantly higher incidence of needle fainting (p less than 0.0001) in Group I patients (27 out of 2,855 or 0.94%) than in Group II patients (28 out of 25,430 or 0.11%). The mean age of Group I patients (39 +/- 15.4 years) was significantly less than that of Group II patients (51.6 +/- 18.0 years) (p less than 0.001). The coexistence of other medical problems was significantly higher in Group II patients (72%) than in Group I patients (18.5%) (p less than 0.0001).
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PMID:Clinical study of syncope during acupuncture treatment. 197 2

beta-receptor antagonists have for many years been considered appropriate alternatives in the primary management of mild to moderate hypertension. Generally, they have been shown to be safe with a low frequency of serious side-effects. Among the predictable and usually doserelated side-effects are bradycardia, bronchospasm, hypotension, muscle fatigue and cold extremities. Examples of unexpected side-effects are gastrointestinal symptoms such as nausea and disturbed intestinal motility, skin reactions, sexual dysfunction, as well as effects related to the central nervous system (CNS) such as emotional disturbances. The CNS-related side-effects, the mechanisms of which are unclear, consist of subtle effects on general well-being, decreased initiative, a depressed frame of mind and disturbed sleep. Generally, however, beta-blockers in therapeutic dosages do not affect the qualitative functions of the brain. Thus, all beta-blockers on the market seem to have high benefit-risk ratio, but independent of their physiochemical properties and pharmacodynamic profile, they seem to cause side-effects to about the same extent. The results so far available have been obtained by primarily using objective methods. Further comparison has now been initiated using documented subjective methods to investigate whether the objectively documented differences are of any clinical relevance to the patient's quality of life. Although it cannot be claimed with certainty, nonselective beta-blockers seem to cause CNS-related side-effects to a greater extent than beta 1-selective blockers. Differences in the degree of hydrophilicity of the beta-blocker are apparently of no clinical relevance in this respect.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Quality of life/subjective symptoms during beta-blocker treatment. 198 27

Fifteen volunteers underwent intravenous regional anaesthesia on two occasions using 40 ml 0.5% prilocaine, to which had been added either 2 ml 0.9% saline or 0.1 mg fentanyl (resultant concentration 2.5 micrograms/ml). There was no difference in the rate of onset of blockade of cold sensation from an ethyl chloride spray, or to sharp and touch pinprick sensation in either group. There was an increase in the incidence of nausea after tourniquet release in the fentanyl group. It is concluded that the addition of fentanyl 2.5 micrograms/ml to prilocaine 0.5% confers no benefit in intravenous regional anaesthesia.
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PMID:Addition of fentanyl to prilocaine for intravenous regional anaesthesia. 202 45

In the attempt to correlate clinical findings with serum levels of aldrin, sixteen patients were followed-up after acute intoxication by this agent. Eight of them, males and females, aged from 1 to 37 years, presented no or light symptoms (some discomfort and nausea). The serum of one of these patients was found to contain 16.6 ppb of aldrin and that of another, 1.41 ppb of dieldrin. A group of five patients, aged from two to 30 years, showed symptoms of moderate severity, reporting nausea, vomiting, drowsiness, dyspnea, sweating, mild jerking, rise in blood pressure and convulsions. Of these cases, two were accidental and three were attempted suicides, the majority achieving complete recovery within 24 hours. Serum levels of aldrin were between 6.98 ppb and 26.3 ppb and of dieldrin between 82.00 and 314.18 ppb. We found three severe cases, aged from 21 to 35 years, two attempted suicides and one occupational case. Two of these patients died and one of them presented hypothermia, coma, absence of reflexes and generalized convulsions, and another presented abdominal pain, paleness, sweating, cold extremities, dyspnea, hyperthermia and generalized convulsions. In the first one that died the serum levels were: of aldrin 30.00 ppb and of dieldrin 720 ppb. In the other levels of 747.3 ppb of aldrin and 1,314.00 ppb of dieldrin were found. The third had less serious symptoms and presented serum levels of aldrin of 31.05 ppb and of dieldrin 147.11 ppb.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Acute poisoning by aldrin: relationship between serum levels and toxic effects in humans]. 221 74

The first US case of human nanophyetiasis that does not involve ingestion of raw or undercooked salmonid fishes is reported. The patient worked with highly infected fish. Hand contamination with the infectious metacercariae of the digenetic trematode Nanophyetus salmincola (family Troglotrematidae) occurred during the handling of fresh-killed, juvenile coho salmon, Oncorhynchus kisutch. Diagnosis of nanophyetiasis was based on the clinical findings of chronic diarrhea, nausea, abdominal discomfort, and a peripheral blood eosinophilia of 43% and was confirmed on finding characteristic bipolar eggs in a stool specimen. The patient rarely ate seafood products and never ate raw or cold smoked fish. He responded favorably to praziquantel and was asymptomatic after therapy.
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PMID:Human nanophyetiasis: transmission by handling naturally infected coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch). 229 48

The prevalence of certain symptoms (eye, skin and airway symptoms, headache, nausea, and fatigue) were studied among hospital workers with and without exposure to glutaraldehyde during cold sterilization work. The exposure to glutaraldehyde and formaldehyde was quantified by hygienic measurements in the breathing zone of the workers. Aldehydes were measured by a specific method, using sorbent tubes with Amberlite XAD-2 coated with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (2,4-DNF) and analyzed by liquid chromatography. The exposure measurements revealed that the present exposure to glutaraldehyde was intermittent and well below the Swedish occupational exposure limit. In spite of this low exposure, the exposed group exhibited a significantly increased frequency of skin and airway symptoms, as well as headache, in comparison with the unexposed group. A dose-response relationship between the frequency of exposure and the number of symptoms could also be demonstrated. No case of contact allergy to glutaraldehyde was found.
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PMID:Skin and respiratory symptoms from exposure to alkaline glutaraldehyde in medical services. 297 45


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