Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027497 (nausea)
 23,468 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Although oral contraceptives (OCs) are yet to be legalized in Japan, it is estimated that at least 500,000 women were on pills in 1975. Intrahepatic cholestasis has been associated with OC in the Western countries, but only a few cases have been reported in Japan. A case of pill-related intrahepatic cholestasis in a 25-year old housewife will be presented in terms of clinical/pathological findings, changes in plasma and bile acid levels, and the effect of phenobarbital on bile stagnation. The patient had been taking 1 pill (Anovlar)/day, 25 days a month, for 5 months, and had experienced exhaustion, nausea, and constipation after 3 months of use; body itch and jaundice symptoms after 4 months. Cholangiography showed neither enlargement of the bile duct nor obstruction of the bile duct outside the liver. The condition was diagnosed as pill-related intrahepatic cholestasis. Total bilirubin was considerably raised; serum transaminase was moderately raised. Electromicroscopy showed the enlargement of bile canaliculi, which had electron dense bile content. Hepatic cellular peroxisome significantly increased. Plasma bile acid level, which was slightly raised initially, came down to the normal range when total bilirubin was back to normal with daily administration of phenobarbital 2 mg/kg. Studies which included experiments with rats as well as clinical-pathological results mentioned above suggested that bile stagnation was caused by ethinyl estradiol. By lowering bile canaliculi Na-K ATPase activity, ethinyl estradiol decreased bile acid independent of bile flow. Phenobarbital was effective for cholestasis by increasing bile canaliculi Na-K ATPase activity.
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PMID:[Intrahepatic cholestasis caused by oral contraceptives]. 714 55

Listeriosis is an infection produced by Listeria monocytogenes. It is infrequent and affects people at extreme ages, pregnant women, immunocompromised people and, occasionally, healthy people. Its incidence has increased in recent years and shows a certain tendency to seasonality, increasing in summer. It can appear sporadically or as outbreaks. In pregnant women the infection is most frequently produced in the third trimester and the symptoms are usually light. Nonetheless, the infection of the fetus is severe, and can produce miscarriages, fetal deaths, corioamnionitis and premature births with the newborn infected, manifested in the form of granulomatosis infantiseptica with abscesses and scattered granulomas or at a later stage , as meningitis or sepsis. Intrahepatic cholestasis is a reversible form of cholestasis, its cause is unknown, it is specific to pregnancy and is more frequent in multiparous women, in the third trimester and rarely before the 26th week. It disappears following childbirth and is the second cause of jaundice in pregnancy, after hepatitis. The diagnosis of cholestasis is basically clinical. It appears as palmoplantar pruritus but can also produce nausea, vomiting and abdominal discomfort localized in the right hypochondrium. Given that listeriosis and cholestasis can have a shared symptomology, the possibility of listeriosis must be borne in mind in order for early implementation of the mechanisms of diagnostic confirmation (cultivation of sterile fluids or tissues: blood, neonatal CSF, amniotic liquid or placenta) and specific treatment. We present a case of cholestasis and listeriosis in the third trimester with a good maternofetal result.
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PMID:[Cholestasis and listeriosis in the third trimester of pregnancy]. 2440 73