Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0027497 (nausea)
 23,468 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We undertook a multicenter phase II trial of 5-fluorouracil (5FU) + 1-leucovorin (1-LV) in previously untreated patients with metastatic colorectal cancer to determine the response rate, response duration, time to progression, survival, and toxicity. Patients were treated with i.v. 5FU 370 mg/m2/day and 1-LV 100 mg/m2/day x 5 every 28 days. Toxicity and response were determined by WHO criteria. One hundred and twenty-six patients were entered, and 119 patients were eligible and evaluable. Eighty-eight patients had colon cancer and 37 had rectal cancer. The male:female ratio was 58:68. The mean age was 62.2 years. ECOG performance status distribution was 0 (39.7%), 1 (46%), and 2 (11.9%). The median number of courses of therapy administered was 4.5. Severe- or life-threatening stomatitis or diarrhea, nausea, and granulocytopenia occurred in 17.6, 23.2, 17.6, and 15.9% of patients, respectively. The response rate was 22/119 [18.5%; 95% confidence interval (CI) of 12.0-26.6]. Median response duration was 188 days (95% CI of 111-248 days). Median survival was 379 days (95% confidence interval of 289-452 days). These results indicate that when 1-LV is combined with 5FU, toxicity is similar in pattern and severity to that of the d,1 racemic mixture. The overall efficacy of 1-LV + 5FU is comparable to a recent metaanalysis.
 ...
PMID:A phase II trial of 5-fluorouracil and 1-leucovorin in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. 855 31

A 52-year-old man with rectal cancer and liver metastasis underwent tumor resection with hepatic arterial catheterization. During adjuvant chemotherapy, he developed epigastric pain, nausea, and melena. Digital subtraction angiography revealed a hepatic artery-biliary fistula and a pseudoaneurysm at the catheter tip. This rare complication of intra-arterial chemotherapy is reported in detail.
 ...
PMID:Hepatic artery-biliary fistula during infusion chemotherapy. 890 79

An early phase II cooperative study of Gemcitabine Hydrochloride (abbreviated to "gemcitabine" herewith) was conducted in patients with a variety of solid tumors (i.e., lung cancer, gastric cancer, pancreatic cancer, colon/rectum cancer, cervical cancer, ovarian cancer and breast cancer) at 56 institutions. The aim of the first step (Step I) was to investigate the feasibility of gemcitabine in a variety of different solid tumors, including lung cancer regarding efficacy and safety. The aim of the second step (Step II) was as a result of step I (Responses were observed) to continue to investigate the efficacy and safety of gemcitabine in chemonaive patients with non-small cell lung cancer. As a Step I study, gemcitabine was administered once weekly at a dose of 800 mg/m2 for a consecutive 3-week period followed by a week of rest, in multiple courses. Among the 29 eligible patients with lung cancer, partial response (PR) was achieved in 3 patients (25.0%, 95% confidence interval: 5.5-57.2%) out of 12 chemonaive patients. Adverse reactions (grade 3 or higher) seen in 29 patients with lung cancer were neutropenia (27.6%), leukopenia (13.8%), decreased hemoglobin (13.8%), thrombocytopenia (10.3%), malaise (6.9%), anorexia (3.4%), nausea/vomiting (3.4%), diarrhea (3.4%), dyspnea (3.4%) and interstitial pneumonia (3.4%). In other types of solid tumors, PR was achieved in 2 (8.7%) out of 23 eligible patients with cervical cancer and in 1 (5.3%) of 19 eligible patients with ovarian cancer, while the use of analgesics became unnecessary in 1 patient with pancreatic cancer. Incidence as well as severity of main adverse reactions in these patients were comparable to those seen in patients with lung cancer. A Step II study, in which gemcitabine was administered once weekly at a dose of 1,000 mg/m2 to chemonaive patients with non-small cell lung cancer, was conducted, referring to the results of Step I and clinical studies conducted overseas. The results of the Step II study demonstrated PR in 5 (14.3%, 95% confidence interval: 4.8 - 30.3%) out of 35 eligible patients with non-small cell lung cancer and that the main adverse reactions were comparable to those seen in the Step I study, posing no tolerability problems in particular.
 ...
PMID:[An early phase II study of gemcitabine hydrochloride (LY 188011). Gemcitabine Cooperative Study Group for Early Phase II]. 893 92

Raltitrexed (Tomudex), a novel folate-based inhibitor of thymidylate synthase, has demonstrated anti-tumour efficacy comparable with 5-fluorouracil and leucovorin in patients with advanced colorectal cancer (CRC). This phase II study was conducted to evaluate the anti-timor efficacy and tolerability of raltitrexed in patients with advanced CRC who had received one previous chemotherapy regimen. Raltitrexed was administered at a dose of 3.0 mg/m2 i.v. over 15 min once every 3 weeks. Of 43 eligible patients, 53% had colon cancer and 47% rectal cancer. Objective responses were observed in 16% of patients [95% confidence interval (CI): 7-31%; seven partial responses). The median duration of response was 101 days (range: 45-239 days), the median overall duration of response was 145 days (range: 104-302 days) and the median survival was 11.6 months (95% CI: 9.4-14.7 months). Liver metastases showed a 17% (three of 18) response rate and lung metastases a 12% (three of 25) response rate. Adverse events of grade 3 or 4 reported for more than 5% of patients were neutropenia (23%), leukopenia (9%), reversible SGPT increase (7%) nausea/vomiting (19%), anorexia (14%), asthenia (9%) and hypotension (7%). Grade 3 or 4 diarrhea, stomatitis and alopecia were not observed. In summary, raltitrexed had an acceptable toxicity profile and promising anti-tumor activity against advanced CRC in patients who had received prior chemotherapy. Further clinical trials of combination chemotherapy using raltitrexed are warranted.
 ...
PMID:Phase II study of raltitrexed (Tomudex) in chemotherapy-pretreated patients with advanced colorectal cancer. Tomudex Cooperative Study Group. 1057 7

Tegafur is a prodrug of the antineoplastic agent fluorouracil, and is administered in a 1:4 molar ratio with the fluorouracil modulator uracil. Oral tegafur/uracil 300 mg/m(2)/day plus calcium folinate 75 or 90 mg/day for 28 days every 35 days was as effective as intravenous (IV) fluorouracil 425 mg/m(2)/day plus folinic acid 20 mg/m(2)/day for 5 days every 28 or 35 days in the treatment of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer in two large, randomised, nonblind, multicentre trials (n = 816 and 380). Median survival time among patients treated with tegafur/ uracil or fluorouracil was approximately 12 months in both trials. Results from both trials also demonstrated no significant between-group differences in overall response rates among patients treated with oral tegafur/uracil (12 and 11%) or IV fluorouracil (15 and 9%). In elderly patients (aged > or = 70 years) with metastatic colorectal cancer, results from small noncomparative studies showed that treatment with oral tegafur/uracil afforded overall response rates of 12.5 to 29% and was well tolerated. During preoperative treatment with oral tegafur/uracil plus calcium folinate as an adjunct to radiotherapy in patients with stage II or III rectal cancer, the maximum tolerated dosage of tegafur/uracil was 350 mg/m(2)/day (administered 5 days per week for 5 weeks). Among the 15 patients who were followed for 5 to 8 months, three had a complete response to treatment. Treatment with tegafur/uracil was also given postoperatively. The most common adverse events associated with oral tegafur/uracil were anaemia, nausea/vomiting, diarrhoea, thrombocytopenia, mucositis, neutropenia, asthenia, anorexia and abdominal pain. Oral tegafur/uracil was associated with a significantly more favourable tolerability profile than IV fluorouracil in the two large randomised trials. In particular, stomatitis and most adverse haematological events were less frequent.
 ...
PMID:Oral tegafur/uracil. 1188 48

The aim of this study was to assess symptoms and health-related quality of life (HRQL) during (neo)adjuvant radiotherapy for rectal cancer. Patients receiving pelvic radiotherapy 50 Gy for rectal cancer, were studied prospectively (n=42). The European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) questionnaires quality of life-core 30 QLQ-C30 and QLQ-CR38 and a 5-day symptom diary were completed at the start and end of radiotherapy and 4-6 weeks later. At the end of radiotherapy, mean scores of diarrhoea, fatigue and appetite loss had significantly increased (P<0.01) compared with pretreatment scores, but this was not observed for scores for nausea or pain. At the end of radiotherapy, diarrhoea, fatigue, appetite loss, physical function, social function and global quality of life (QL) were significantly worse than the population-based norms. 64% of the patients reported an increase in fatigue and 52% an increase in diarrhoea during radiotherapy. HRQL scores had returned to pre-treatment levels 4-6 weeks after radiotherapy. Thus, diarrhoea, fatigue and appetite loss increased transiently during pelvic radiotherapy.
 ...
PMID:Quality of life during radiotherapy for rectal cancer. 1262 37

The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and toxicity of a novel hyperthermic chemotherapy approach for patients with locally recurrent adenocarcinoma of the rectum. All patients were pre-irradiated (> or = 45 Gy) and had histologically proven pelvic recurrence. Hyperthermic chemotherapy was applied according to a modified 'OFF'-schedule with weekly infusions of 43 mg/m2 of oxaliplatin (i.v., 120 min), 500 mg/m2 of folinic acid (i.v., 120 min) and 2.6 g/m2 of continuous infusional 5-fluorouracil (24 h) for 6 consecutive weeks. Oxaliplatin was started in parallel to pelvic radiofrequency hyperthermia that was provided by the BSD 2000-system. A total of 67 applications were administered to nine patients and were well tolerated. A total of 55/67 (82%) chemotherapy courses were applied without dose-reduction. In 62/67 (93%) hyperthermia sessions, a treatment time of > 60 min was maintained. Tolerated power levels were on average 600 W and, thus, slightly lower than those described in curative pelvic hyperthermia schedules. Eight out of 10 episodes of severe (WHO III degrees) toxicity represented typical side-effects of the chemotherapy given (nausea n = 4, diarrhoea n = 3, neuropathy n = 1). Two severe adverse events were firstly attributable to hyperthermia (haematuria, n = 1; deterioration of a decubital ulcer, n = 1). No patient suffered WHO-disease progression during the treatment period. Two patients achieved a partial remission. It is concluded that hyperthermic chemotherapy with oxaliplatin, folinic acid and 5-FU is feasible on an outpatient basis. Overall toxicity was moderate, although hyperthermia may add side-effects to this approach. Results, moreover, suggest a relevant palliative effect in patients with pre-irradiated pelvic recurrence of rectal cancer.
 ...
PMID:Regional pelvic hyperthermia as an adjunct to chemotherapy (oxaliplatin, folinic acid, 5-fluorouracil) in pre-irradiated patients with locally recurrent rectal cancer: a pilot study. 1520 18

A 55-year-old man underwent a rectal amputation for rectal cancer in 1994. As the tumor marker was elevated in 2002, we performed an abdominal CT scan and detected local and multiple liver recurrences. We treated the patient with intra-arterial infusion of 5-FU/LV via the internal iliac artery and the hepatic artery. The chemotherapy was performed on a weekly basis; it consisted of 5-FU (500 mg/body), administered for 5 hours to bilateral reservoirs through an infusion pump and l-leucovorin (400 mg/body), administered intravenously for 2 hours. After 18 administrations of this regimen during a hospital stay and after a discharge from the hospital as an outpatient, the multiple liver metastases that were observed have disappeared. Further, the local recurrences showed a partial reduction in tumor size with a decrease in perineal pain. Subsequently, the patient did not require further doses of morphine. He exhibited no severe side effects except for grade 1 nausea, and his QOL was also good. Therefore, local intra-arterial infusion chemotherapy with 5-FU/LV appears to have been effective for rectal cancer recurrences.
 ...
PMID:[A case of postoperative pelvic metastasis and multiple liver metastases of the rectal cancer successfully treated by arterial infusion therapy with 5-FU/leucovorin]. 1555 23

A 59-year-old male patient with rectal cancer 2 cm in diameter (T2) at the peritoneal reflection with suspicious left lateral node metastasis was treated with 400 mg of preoperative oral uracil and tegaful (UFT) for 5 weeks, 5 days a week in combination with concomitant radiotherapy of 45 Gy per 25 fractions for 5 weeks. After resting for another 5 weeks, colon fiberscopy, barium enema, and computed tomography revealed a trace of the primary tumor and a 40% shrinkage of the lateral metastasis. The serum CEA level decreased to the normal range during treatment. The adverse effects were nausea, bloody stool and elevation of transaminase, all at grade 1. Low anterior resection with a left hemi-lateral lymphadenectomy was performed through a suprapubic, one hand-size incision without laparoscopy. The preoperative treatment did not affect any operative procedures, and no postoperative complications occurred. The surgical specimen showed that the rectal tumor had been remarkably shrunk by the preoperative treatment, to the level of a superficial type tumor. Histological analysis indicated moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma cells that were present at only 2 mm in diameter in the mucosal layer, 6 mm in the submucosal layer, and 1 mm or less in the muscular layer with scar formation. No metastasis was detected in the 16 lymph nodes dissected, but an organizing tumor thrombus, which had preoperatively been diagnosed as lateral node metastasis, was detected. These results suggest that preoperative oral UFT plus concomitant radiotherapy may be a feasible, tolerable and effective treatment for patients with rectal cancer.
 ...
PMID:Neoadjuvant therapy of rectal cancer using oral tegaful-uracil (UFT) plus concomitant radiotherapy--a case report. 1618 Jul 2

Fifty-one-year-old male visited our hospital suffering from anal pain and subileus. Further examination revealed that advanced rectal cancer which invaded to presacral space (Ai, N 0, P 0, H 0, M(-), stage IIIa) caused such symptom. We administered neo-adjuvant chemoradiotherapy for fear of non curative resection of the rectum. The regimen was once weekly administration of intravenous CPT-11 40 mg, plus daily oral administration of UFT-E 600 mg/day and Uzel 75 mg/day for 4 weeks. In addition we underwent radiation 2.4 Gy/day and intravenous low-dose cisplatin (CDDP) 5 mg/day, 5 days/week for 3 weeks. Four weeks after the first administration, a partial response was confirmed on CT, and so we carried out an abdominoperineal resection. The postoperative course is almost uneventful without a little perineal infection. The specimen revealed that no malignant lesion remained, which changed to necrotic tissue. The side effects were not so severe. For example, diarrhea, nausea, and mucosal dysfunction were each less than grade 2, and there was much tolerate for renal, liver, and bone marrow function. This combination chemoradiotherapy is considered to be effective for locally advanced rectal cancer.
 ...
PMID:[A case of rectal cancer treated by preoperative chemoradiation]. 1628 38


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 Next >>