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Query: UMLS:C0027497 (nausea)
 23,468 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In a phase II trial 46 patients with advanced gastric carcinoma were treated with FEM combination chemotherapy (5-fluorouracil, 4-epidoxorubicin and mitomycin C) in which 4-epidoxorubicin was administered by escalated dose and split course (FEM II). Twenty-nine patients with measurable disease were evaluable for response. One complete remission and 7 partial remissions were achieved, suggesting an overall response rate of 28%; 2 minimal responses (7%) and 9 patients with no change were observed (31%); 10 patients had tumor progression (34%). Median survival time for all patients was 6.2 months, for patients with CR + PR + MR 16.2 months, for patients with no change 8.4 months, and with tumor progression 3.5 months. WHO grade 2 and 3 leukopenia appeared in 6%, thrombocytopenia in 0% and alopecia in 27% of the patients after the first cycle. Nausea and vomiting grade 2 and 3 were seen in 21%. Comparing these results with our earlier data achieved with FEM I, FEM II showed a tendency towards better response and survival, and subjective toxicity (nausea/vomiting) was significantly reduced. Therefore, in our opinion FEM II is preferable for practical use.
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PMID:Dose escalation and split course of 4-epidoxorubicin in combination chemotherapy (FEM II) of advanced gastric carcinoma. A phase-II trail of the 'Chemotherapiegruppe Gastrointestinaler Tumoren (CGT)'. 251 33

We administered cisplatin (CDDP) as a single agent at a dose of 25 mg/m2/day for 5 days by continuous infusion in 15 patients with inoperable non-small cell lung cancer (3 squamous cell carcinoma, 11 adenocarcinoma and 1 large cell carcinoma), and studied the pharmacokinetics of CDDP, the response rate and toxic effects. The maximum concentration (Cmax) of filtrable platinum (Pt) was 0.092 +/- 0.03 microgram/ml and AUC was 9.3 +/- 3.5 micrograms.hr/ml. The response rate was 40% (6/15). Nausea without vomiting was noticed in 53% of patients and vomiting in 27%. Leukopenia (less than 3,000/mm3) was seen in 53%, thrombocytopenia (less than 70,000/mm3) in 27% and anemia (Hb less than 9.5 g/dl) in 67%. Peak serum creatinine greater than 1.5 mg/dl was not observed. The Cmax of the filtrable Pt was low but AUC level was high compared with that in reported data in which CDDP as a single agent was infused at the same dose in short-term infusion. This was presumably associated with the good response rate in this study. The incidence of hematologic toxicity was slightly high, while that of vomiting and nephrotoxicity was rather low. The 5-day continuous infusion appears to be a safe and effective method of CDDP administration for non-small cell lung cancer, and improved therapeutic results may be expected when this is combined with other effective drugs.
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PMID:[Pilot phase II study of 5-day continuous infusion of cisplatin in treatment of non-small cell lung cancer]. 254 30

Ninety-two nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients were treated with a combination chemotherapy containing methotrexate, adriamycin, cyclophosphamide and CCNU (MACC). The regimen was administered in the dose and schedule originally reported. Median survival for all patients was 32 weeks. Only 6 patients demonstrated an objective response with a median survival rate of 51 weeks. The remaining 70 evaluable patients were nonresponders. These latter patients had a survival probability reduced to 29 weeks. Median time to progression for the whole group was 17 weeks. Partial responses were seen in 3 squamous, 1 large cell carcinoma and 1 adenocarcinoma. One patient with bronchiolo-alveolar carcinoma had complete disease regression and is still alive 136 weeks after starting treatment. Toxicity was significant with 2 treatment-related deaths. The major toxic effects consisted of myelosuppression, nausea, vomiting, and stomatitis. Alopecia was nearly universal; a mild cardiac, renal, or hepatic toxicity was relatively infrequent. Polychemotherapy with MACC regimen may benefit a few selected patients with NSCLC, but its overall antitumor efficacy appears to be very limited.
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PMID:Combination chemotherapy with methotrexate, adriamycin, cyclophosphamide and CCNU (MACC) for nonsmall cell lung cancer. 4-year experience with 92 patients. 254 37

The prognosis of unresectable hepatocellular carcinomas is bad. Untreated, survival is 1.6 to 2.5 months. Systemic chemotherapy has little effect and is associated with marked side effects. Tumour cells are supplied almost exclusively by the hepatic artery, whereas normal liver tissue is supplied by the hepatic artery and portal vein. Consequently, interruption of arterial blood flow results in damage to the carcinoma without affecting the rest of the liver. Lipiodol is an oily contrast medium which is taken up selectively by the tumour and can be demonstrated in tumour, in the interstitium and in blood vessels. We used lipiodol emulsified with cisplatin and epirubicin successfully in 22 patients with inoperable liver cell carcinomas. The treatment was well tolerated, apart from some nausea and mild upper abdominal discomfort. Survival time from first diagnosis and the first embolisation was ten months longer than expected survival or that following systemic chemotherapy.
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PMID:[Chemoembolization of hepatocellular carcinoma--computed tomographic follow-up observation]. 254 5

Twenty patients with primary hepatic carcinoma (PHC) treated by hepatic arterial embolization in our department from Dec. 1986 to Mar. 1987 are reported. There were 15 males and 5 females. The ages ranged from 34 to 75 years with an average of 50.7. Preoperative diagnosis and localization of the tumor were done by AFP, B-us, CT and angiography (right lobe 15 cases, left lobe 1 case, both lobes 4 cases). Celiac and superior mesenteric angiography was carried out by femoral artery approach and then highly selective hepatic catheterization was utilized for hepatic arterial embolization. Antitumor agent (5-Fu, adriamycin), iophendylate and foamy gel sponge were used for peripheral and proximal embolization. Manifestations were improved in most of the patients after embolization, such as relief of abdominal pain, improvement of appetite, decrease of tumor size. Total necrosis of the tumor was found in 2 patients who underwent surgery 1 month after embolization. The side effects of the posthepatic embolization such as, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain and fever could be relieved by symptomatic treatment. No severe complications, such as gangrene of the gall bladder, hepatic failure, liver abscess, intestinal necrosis or pulmonary embolization were found except 3 patients who died of renal failure after the procedure. The liver dys-function returned to normal within 2 weeks. Hepatic arterial embolization provides an alternative treatment for the patients with PHC who has compensated liver function without severe systemic diseases, especially renal endocrine problems and severe portal hypertension. They should have patent portal system as proved by angiography. The authors considered that this therapeutic embolization with hepatic chemotherapy infusion is safe and effective in the management of PHC. It may increase the resectability and provide palliative means for the advanced and terminal cases.
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PMID:[Hepatic artery embolization for primary hepatic carcinoma]. 255 66

Three hundred five patients with advanced pancreatic and gastric carcinoma were randomly assigned to treatment with fluorouracil, fluorouracil plus doxorubicin (Adriamycin) (FA), or fluorouracil plus doxorubicin plus mitomycin (mitomycin C) (FAM). All regimens were equivalent with regard to patient survival. There is no reasonable likelihood that either the FA or FAM regimen could produce a meaningful survival advantage over fluorouracil alone. Interval to disease progression, objective response rates, and palliative effects (improved performance, body weight, or symptoms) were essentially equivalent among the three regimens. With regard to toxicity, the FAM regimen produced more anorexia, nausea, vomiting, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, and cumulative bone marrow suppression. Fluorouracil alone produced more stomatitis and diarrhea. Because of a failure to produce improved survival or palliation, unrewarded toxicity, and excessive cost, neither the FA nor FAM regimen can be recommended for the treatment of advanced pancreatic or gastric cancer.
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PMID:A comparison of three chemotherapeutic regimens in the treatment of advanced pancreatic and gastric carcinoma. Fluorouracil vs fluorouracil and doxorubicin vs fluorouracil, doxorubicin, and mitomycin. 257 57

Five patients with advanced carcinoma of the esophagus were treated with a combination chemotherapy employing CDDP and BLM. One cycle of chemotherapy consisted of CDDP, 50 mg/m2, on day 1 and BLM, 15 mg/patient on days, 1, 7 and 14. Two partial remission and 2 minor responses were obtained. Overall response rates, ths, were 80%. The most adverse effect was nausea. No significant elevation in the serum creatinine or BUN was recognized. Furthermore, the method of CDDP administration was studied on the serum level by 15 minutes' infusion and by 24 hours continuous infusion. The CDDP levels in the serum and tissue were determined by flameless atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The CDDP level in the serum by 15 minutes' infusion was higher than that by 24 hours continuous infusion. These results suggest that combination chemotherapy with CDDP and BLM may be a useful method for the treatment of advanced esophageal carcinoma.
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PMID:[Combination chemotherapy with cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum (11) (CDDP) and bleomycin BLM in advanced esophageal carcinoma]. 258 Sep 99

Seventeen patients with residual or recurrent colorectal carcinoma were given a new synthetic immunomodulator [3,6-bis(2-piperidinoethoxy) acridine trihydrochloride CL246738) as part of a phase I clinical trial. No patients had undergone previous immunotherapy or chemotherapy. Detailed immunological studies including interferon levels, interleukin 2 levels, natural killer cell function, mitogen responses of lymphocytes, immunoglobulin levels and lymphocyte subpopulation levels were analysed in the patients who received this drug in an attempt to find out whether there was any biological activity identifiable in humans. None of the subjects showed any significant increases in post treatment values of the immunological parameters studied. Toxic effects of the drug at high doses included nausea, diarrhoea and decreased levels of consciousness. In conclusion, no immunological effects were identified following the administration of CL 246738 in human subjects with recurrent or residual colorectal cancer.
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PMID:A phase I study of immunostimulation and toxicity in patients with colorectal carcinoma using the immunomodulator 3,6-bis(2-piperidinoethoxy) acridine trihydrochloride (CL 246738). 259 49

Thirty-one patients with metastatic breast carcinoma refractory to standard hormonal and chemotherapy were treated with cisplatin 100 mg/m2 per course and etoposide 300 mg/m2 per course divided over 5 days. Courses were repeated at 3-6-week intervals, depending on the speed of recovery from myelosuppression. Of 29 evaluable patients, three had complete responses, eight had partial responses, eight had stable disease, and 10 had progressive disease. Nausea, emesis, anorexia, weakness, and easy fatigability were common but tolerable side effects. Myelosuppression was frequent and occasionally profound but there were no deaths from hemorrhage or infection. No significant renal toxicity was encountered. The combination of cisplatin and etoposide has sufficient antitumor activity with acceptable toxicity in heavily pretreated patients to justify its further study in breast cancer.
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PMID:Cisplatin and etoposide: an effective treatment for refractory breast carcinoma. 264 95

Chemotherapeutic regimens containing cisplatin are the most effective ones in the treatment of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. Because of the high rate of dose-limiting side effects of cisplatin, carboplatin, a second-generation cisplatin analogue, was tested in a phase II trial with fluorouracil in 55 previously untreated patients with advanced carcinoma of the head and neck. Among the 52 patients who completed the study, there were 17 complete responses (33%), 28 partial responses (54%), five patients with no change (10%), and two with progressive disease (4%). Toxic side effects of all courses summed together included leukopenia in 65% of courses, thrombocytopenia in 45% of courses, nausea or vomiting in 29% of courses, and change in serum creatinine level in 3% of courses. These data were compared with the results of our study with cisplatin and fluorouracil in comparable patients and indicated that carboplatin and fluorouracil is better for induction chemotherapy in the treatment of head and neck cancer than cisplatin and fluorouracil due to similar effectiveness but less toxic effect.
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PMID:Carboplatin. The better platinum in head and neck cancer? 265 67


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