Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027497 (nausea)
 23,468 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Tthe findings of 150 patients with proven primary hyperparathyroidism are reported. The purpose of the analysis was to find differences between the various clinical manifestations of the disease. Furthermore the occurrence of acute hyperparathyroid crisis in our series as well as in the literature are described. 65.8% of the patients were females, 34.2% were males. The leading symptom in 98 patients (group I) were kidney stones and in 23 patients (group II) cystic bone disease. Both manifestations of the disease occurred in only 7 patients (group III) and no symptoms related to the kidneys or to the bones occurred in 24 patients (group IV). Because of the difference of the clinical manifestations the additional data were analyzed for each group separately and compared with each other. There was no difference in the mean serum calcium levels for all four groups, however, patients of group I were on the average younger, the duration of the disease was longer and the weight of the parathyroid adenoma was lower compared to the other three groups. Data are presented regarding calcium excretion, phosphate clearance and tubular reabsorption of phosphate for each group. At operation single or multiple adenoma formation was present in 133 patients, whereas diffuse hyperplasia was found in 17 and carcinoma in 2 other patients. 46 of the adenomas were found in atypical anatomical localisation. This observation is responsible for the many unsuccessful or second explorations of the neck. The weight of the adenomas varied between 0.1 and 23.5 g. The most difficult diagnosis was that of diffuse hyperplasia. The success of the surgical intervention was usually established in over 80% of the cases within 24 to 48 hours after the operation with a significant fall of serum calcium. There is still no definite explanation for the variability of the clinical manifestations of primary hyperparathyroidism. Parathyroid hormone determinations on larger numbers of patients are not yet published. The assumption, that different hormones or peptide fragments are responsible for the different action on bone and kidney is discussed. In our series of 152 patients acute hyperparathyroid crisis occurred eight times. Our findings are compared to the other well documented cases in the literature. Main symptoms were nausea, vomiting abdominal pain and different states of cerebral dysfunction. Most of the patients had calcium levels over 16 mg/100 ml. Partial renal insufficiency with elevated blood urea and phosphate retention was found in ov er 50% of the cases. Overall mortality of all cases with acute parathyroid crisis is 52.5%. The pathogenesis of acute hyperparathyroidism and the implications of high calcium levels are discussed. According to our own experience hypercalcemia can be controlled with an intensive therapeutic program and emergency operation for acute parathyroid crisis is no longer necessary.
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PMID:[Primary hyperparathyroidism. An analysis of 152 patients with special references to acute life threatening complications (acute hyperparathyroidism)]. 79 28

The controversy about gallbladder polyps has centered chiefly around their potential for malignancy. Among 3,525 cholecystectomies done over a 25-year period, there were 26 cases of carcinoma with only 9% not associated with stones. Thirty-nine cases of polypoid lesions of the acalculous gallbladder were investigated. The classic symptoms of pain, flatulence, food intolerance, and nausea were present in the great majority of cases. Most patients, especially those with symptoms of short duration, reported improvement following cholecystectomy.
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PMID:Polypoid lesions of the acalculous gallbladder. 80 59

Asaley is an L-leucine derivative of sarcolysin which is more active against some rodent tumors. Studies in the USSR demonstrated activity in patients with ovarian and breast carcinoma, Hodgkin's disease, and multiple myeloma. This study in 73 evaluable patients indicated that an appropriate oral dose for patients with adequate bone marrow is 800 mg/M2/day X 4 days at 5-6 week intervals. The most common toxicities were myelosuppression, nausea, and vomiting. Antitumor activity was observed in 2 of 24 evaluable patients with melanoma, and stabilization of previously progressive disease was observed in patients with adenocarcinoma of the colon, multiple myeloma, lymphoma, breast carcinoma, and thyroid carcinoma. Responses were minimal and of short duration but most of the patients had received extensive prior therapy.
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PMID:Clinical evaluation of Asaley. 92 33

Twenty-two patients were given progressively increasing doses of Cytembena to determine toxicity patterns and to establish a dosage which produces definite but clinically tolerable toxicity when the drug is given by intravenous injections in a 5-day intensive course. Toxicity consisted primarily of nausea, vomiting, arm pain, and transiently decreased renal function. At higher doses, an "autonomic-storm" phenomenon was observed consisting of hypertension, tachycardia, tachypnea, hyperperistalsis, frequent explosive defecation, facial flushing and paresthesias, and chest pain with accompanying ischemic EKG changes. There was no evidence of mucocutaneous, hepatic, or hematologic toxic effects. Toxicity was dose-related, first being recognized at a daily dose of 300 mg/m2 and becoming clinically intolerable at a daily dose of 475 mg/m2. No permanent damage was observed in any of the organ systems monitored. An acceptable treatment regimen for most patients is 400 mg/m2/day for 5 days. Patient discomfort can be reduced by dividing each day's dose into two intravenous injections given at an interval of at least 6 hours. Coronary artery disease and impaired renal function should be contraindications to Cytembena therapy, and caution should be employed in the patients with significant impairment of liver function. Two of 22 patients, both with far-advanced carcinoma and previous chemotherapy failures, showed a favorable objective response to Cytembena therapy. Phase II studies to assess the magnitude of the drug's antineoplastic activity seem warranted.
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PMID:A phase I study of cytembena. 94 91

A toxicologic evaluation of dianhydrogalactitol in man was completed for a 5- and a 10-day schedule. The maximum tolerated dose was 30 mg/m2/day for the 5-day schedule and 21 mg/m2/day for the 10-day schedule. Dose-limiting myelosuppression occurred with both schedules, with leukopenia and thrombocytopenia being observed at median Days 15 and 19 respectively for the 5-day course and median Days 22 and 26 of the 10-day course. Nausea was infrequent and mild. Responses were obtained in one patient with laryngeal carcinoma and in one patient with adenocarcinoma of the lung.
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PMID:Phase I evaluation of dianhydrogalactitol (NSC-132313). 99 Nov 50

One hundred and nine adult patients with metastatic carcinoma were treated at 3-4-week intervas with a combination of adriamycin (40 mg/m2 given iv on Day 1) and cyclophosphamide (200 mg/m2/day given orally in divided doses on Days 3-6). Ninety-two of 96 patients who had an adequate trial (minumum of two courses or progression of disease after one course) had follow-up observations of tumor sites and were considered evaluable for response. Overall objective response rates by tumor type were as follows: stage III or IV ovarian adenocarcinoma, 61% (14 of 23 patients); endometrial adenocarcinoma, 67% (four of six patients); cervical adenocarcinoma, 33% (one of three patients); prostatic adenocarcinoma, 18% (two of 11 patients); testicular carcinoma, 33% (one of three patients); lung carcinoma, 21% (four of 19 patients); renal adenocarcinoma, 14% (one of seven patients); gastrointestinal adenocarcinoma, 18% (two of 11 patients); melanoma, 25% (one of four patients); and miscellaneous tumors, no responses in five patients. In patients with ovarian adenocarcinoma who had not previously received any cytotoxic chemotherapy the response rate was 80% (12 of 15 patients) with 33% five of 15 patients achieving complete clinical remission. CRs in these patients have now been maintained for periods ranging from 7 to 12 months. The major toxic effects were mild to moderate leukopenia, alopecia, and nausea with vomiting. Hemorrhagic cystitis was observed in three patients. The combination of adriamycin and cyclophosphamide is an effective treatment for carcinoma of the breast (reported elsewhere), ovary, and endometrium and should be considered for initial chemotherapy in patients with these tumors. Further investigations of its use for melanoma and carcinoma of the lung, prostate, kidney, and gastrointestinal tract are also warranted.
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PMID:Combination chemotherapy with adriamycin (NSC-123127) and cyclophosphamide (NSC-26271) for solid tumors: a phase II trial. 100 May 20

The results of an ongoing trial randomizing patients with progressive, metastatic breast carcinoma between tamoxifen (Tam, NSC-180973) and Tam plus fluoxymesterone (Flu) (7 mg/m2 bid) are reported. Each patient received a single dose level of Tam in the range of 2-100 mg/m2 bid. The combination had a higher response rate overall (45% vs 28%) and when only the patients' soft tissue sites were analyzed (54% vs 9%, P=0.04). The time to treatment failure was longer for the combination among those patients with a response or disease stabilization (P=0.08). Response rates with Tam doses less than 12 mg/m2 bid were also higher than with doses greater than or equal to 12 mg/m2 for all patients in the study (62% vs 30%, P=0.025) and for those where only soft tissue sites were evaluable (43% vs 29%, P=0.07). Side effects were mild and consisted primarily of transient hematologic suppression, nausea, masculinization, hepatic enzyme elevations, and edema. The latter three were observed only with the Flu regimen. Leukopenia and thrombocytopenia were more frequent at Tam doses less than 12 mg/m2 bid whereas nausea was more common at higher doses. Tam doses as high as 100 mg/m2 bid were well tolerated. Tam amy be more effective at low doses, has only mild side effects, and is well tolerated at doses up to 100 mg/m2 bid. Combining Tam with Flu appears to enhance the therapeutic effectiveness.
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PMID:Evaluation of tamoxifen dose in advanced breast cancer: a progress report. 102 Dec 26

Sixty-nine patients with advanced gastrointestinal carcinomas were given adriamycin intravenously at a dose level of 40-75 mg/m once every 3 weeks. Toxic effects included nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, stomatitis, alopecia, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, and minor ECG changes. There was a slight trend toward move severe leukopenia in patients with markedly abnormal liver function test (serum glutamic oxaloacteic transaminase and alkaline phosphatase). Of the 57 pateints with colorectal cancer treated with adriamycin, four (7%) showed partial objective responses. In a controlled comparison of adriamycin versus 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in patients with previously untreated large bowel carcinoma, three of 23 patients (13%) receiving adriamycin showed partial objective responses as compared with six of 25 patients (24%) receiving 5-FU. The median duration of response with adriamycin was 3 months com pared to over 6 months with 5-FU. Four of eight patients with gastric carcinoma showed partial objective responses. No responses were noted in a small number of patients with pancreatic and gallbladder carcinomas. Adriamycin would not seem to have any role in the treatment of advanced colorectal carcinoma. Our results, however, would justify further evaluation of this agent in gastric carcinoma.
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PMID:Adriamycin (NSC-123127) therapy for advanced gastrointestinal cancer. 109 99

In a multicentre study patients with liver metastases stratified to the histology of the primary tumour were investigated. A total of 102 patients with colorectal adenocarcinoma, non-small-cell lung cancer, pancreatic cancer, primary liver carcinoma and malignant melanoma were treated with the thioether lipid ilmofosine. The drug was administered orally as a tablet at a dosage of 150-300 mg/day (75 mg/tablet). The tolerability of ilmofosine was poor. There was a dose-limiting gastrointestinal toxicity with nausea, vomiting and loss of appetite (WHO grade II-IV) in 67% of patients. During the period of therapy (1-29 weeks, 8.5 weeks mean) no complete remission and no partial response were observed. We thus conclude that treatment with oral ilmofosine is not effective in patients with liver metastases due to various malignancies.
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PMID:Treatment results of the thioether lipid ilmofosine in patients with malignant tumours. 132 33

One course of preoperative chemotherapy including high-dose cisplatin (40 mg/m2 daily for 5 consecutive days) with glutathione protection and bleomycin (15 mg on days 2, 8 and 9) was administered to 27 patients with bulky operable cervical carcinoma (stage IB/II) in a pilot study. In all patients the tumor diameter was greater than 4 cm. Surgery (radical hysterectomy with pelvic and para-aortic lymphadenectomy) was planned within one month of chemotherapy. In 27 evaluable patients, nausea/vomiting was the most pronounced side effect. Significant (but transient) increases in serum transaminases were detected in 19 patients. Electrolyte imbalance (hypokalemia) was detected in 6 patients (one with hypocalcemia). These reversible effects were not associated with other signs of renal toxicity. Objective clinical responses were observed in 21 patients, 18 of them partial and 3 complete responders (pathologically confirmed in 2). Radical hysterectomy with pelvic and para-aortic lymphadenectomy was performed with no particular complications. The shrinking of bulky tumor made the operation easier, especially in parametrial resections. High-dose cisplatin chemotherapy prior to surgery is feasible with acceptable toxicity. The encouraging results of this study warrant further investigations to define the role of neoadjuvant therapy.
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PMID:A preoperative single course of high-dose cisplatin and bleomycin with glutathione protection in bulky stage IB/II carcinoma of the cervix. 153 92


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