Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0027497 (nausea)
 23,468 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Valganciclovir, an oral prodrug of the anti-cytomegalovirus (CMV) agent ganciclovir, was evaluated in a single-arm open-label safety study. AIDS patients (median CD4 lymphocyte count of 140 cells/microL) with treated CMV retinitis (N = 212) received 900-mg once-daily valganciclovir maintenance therapy with courses of 900-mg twice-daily valganciclovir induction therapy as needed to treat progression. After a median treatment duration of 372 days, the adverse event profile was similar to that reported for intravenous (IV) and oral ganciclovir. Adverse event rates of note were diarrhea (35%), nausea (23%), fever (18%), neutropenia (absolute neutrophil count <500 cells/microL) (10%), and anemia (hemoglobin <8.0 g/dL) (12%). Consistent with prior treatment studies of oral ganciclovir, IV catheter-related adverse events were uncommon (6%) and lower than previously reported for IV ganciclovir. The mortality rate was 0.072 deaths per patient-year. Progression of CMV retinitis occurred in 17% of patients during the study treatment period, usually in association with a low CD4 cell count. Other than a higher than expected frequency of oral candidiasis (17%), no clinical toxicities or laboratory abnormalities occurred during treatment with valganciclovir that have not been observed during treatment with ganciclovir.
 ...
PMID:A safety study of oral valganciclovir maintenance treatment of cytomegalovirus retinitis. 1213 45

HIV/AIDS is still an important health problem worldwide and the number of people living with HIV worldwide continued to grow in the last years. The first HIV/AIDS cases had been reported in 1985 from Turkey and with an increasing trend during the following years, the number of cases reached to 3898 with 528 new cases in 2009. The aim of this retrospective study was to share the 18 years experience with the patients who were followed-up in Erciyes University Hospital Infectious Diseases Clinics in Cappadocia region. The records of 55 (81%) HIV/AIDS patients out of 68 who were admitted to our clinic between 1992- 2009 have been attained and the demographic and clinical characteristics, administered therapy regimens and adverse effects of antiretroviral therapy of those cases have been evaluated. Forty-three (78%) of the patients were male and 12 (22%) were female of which 11 (92%) of their spouses had HIV/AIDS. The median age of the patients was 45 and 20 (36%) of them were over 54 years old. Fifty (91%) of patients lived in Cappadocia region, and 24 (44%) had lived in foreign countries. Fifty (91%) patients had risky heterosexual contact as a risk factor. Of these patients, 47 (85%) were in full-blown AIDS stage at admission. Twenty-seven (49%) of the patients diagnosed occasionally during routine anti-HIV testing, did not have any symptoms. Fever, weakness and weight loss were the most frequently detected symptoms in the rest of the patients. Ten (18%) patients had underlying diseases such as hypertension, chronic hepatitis B or C, coronary artery disease, diabetes mellitus and chronic renal disfunction. Opportunistic infections were determined in 25 (45.5%) patients and 20 (40%) of these infections were determined at admission. The most frequent opportunistic infection was oral candidiasis, followed by Pneumocystis (carinii) jiroveci pneumonia and tuberculosis. Malignancy was diagnosed in three patients; two had Kaposi's sarcoma and one had multiorgan adenocarcinoma. Antiretroviral therapy was started in 37 (67%) of the patients and lamivudin/zidovudin + lopinavir/ritonavir was the most commonly used combination. Antiretroviral therapy was changed in 13 (35%) patients most frequently due to the development of side effects of the drugs. Nausea, vomiting and hyperlipidemia were the most frequent side effects, while diarrhea, skin rashes, anemia, leucopenia and lipoatrophy have also been detected. One patient discontinued therapy by his own will. Sixteen (27.6%) of 58 patients, whose records could be achieved, died. The mortality rates detected in 1992-1999 and 2000-2009 periods were 78.6% (11/14) and 11.4% (5/44), respectively. The mean exitus time of the patients was six months after the diagnosis. The reasons of mortality were opportunistic infections in six patients, and adenocarcinoma in one patient. Autopsy had been performed in seven cases, however three patients' records could be attained. One had disseminated candidiasis and miliary tuberculosis, one had multiorgan carcinoma, and one had pneumonia, kidney and colon necrosis and condyloma acuminata. In conclusion, increasing awareness of physicians about HIV/AIDS epidemiology in Turkey provides early diagnosis and prevents the dissemination of illness in community.
 ...
PMID:[Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of HIV/AIDS patients followed-up in Cappadocia region: 18 years experience]. 2134 Nov 67

We report the case of a 16 years old female patient, with a pregnancy history of 11.4 weeks by ultrasound and intrauterine fetal death. In a private clinic were prescribed methotrexate 500 mg intramuscular single dose, and vaginal misoprostol. She had a clinical feature of five days of evolution characterized by fever of 39 degrees C, nausea, general attack and vomiting. The initial diagnosis was severe sepsis secondary to septic abortion, oral candidiasis and acute poisoning by methotrexate. After that, she was referred to the Instituto Nacional de Perinatologia, where stayed with fever for four days, and was managed with hydration, antibiotics, folinic acid and alkalizing. Her recovery was gradual. She was discharged after 12 days with significant clinical improvement. The literature review describes that the use of methotrexate for abortion purpose with therapeutic-dose presents a similar adverse effects to those found in our patient, however there are no case reports that describe the use of this drug in macrodosis for the same purpose, and their cytotoxic effects. We present this case because the patient used a macrodosis of this antimetabolite and due to the premature and empirical management with folinic acid, joined with alkalinization of urine, is the ideal treatment and as it is illustrated in our case.
 ...
PMID:[Acute toxicity by methotrexate used for abortion purpose. Case report]. 2196 82

Clotrimazole, a broad-spectrum imidazole antimycotic, is a widely-used prescription as well as an over-the-counter drug for treatment of mucosal (oral, vulvovaginal) candidiasis and dermatophytes. An extremely safe and well-tolerated drug, its safety profile has been well-explored in researches and trials. The commonest complaints are almost always non-serious-pruritus, rashes, paraesthesia (stinging/burning sensation) and erythema on topical applications, and nausea, vomiting, unpleasant taste sensation and elevated liver enzymes on oral preparations (troches). However, mucosal ulceration on topical clotrimazole preparation has not been reported in literature before. We present here the first documentation of extensive bilateral erosions and necrosis of tongue involving the mucosa, submucosa and musculature on application of one percent weight/volume clotrimazole mouth paint in a 27-year-old immunocompetent woman who presented with oral candidiasis.
 ...
PMID:Extensive mucosal erosion and sloughing of tongue: a hitherto unknown complication of topical clotrimazole preparation. 2359 11


<< Previous 1 2