Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027497 (nausea)
 23,468 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The use of cefaclor advanced formulation (cefaclor AF) in the treatment of pneumonia caused by susceptible organisms was investigated in a multi-center trial conducted in the United Kingdom and the United States. A total of 266 patients were enrolled in this double-blind, double-dummy, randomized, parallel study; 132 patients were treated with cefaclor AF and 134 patients received the reference drug cefaclor. Inclusion criteria were a diagnosis of lobar pneumonia or bronchopneumonia, with a positive sputum culture and an infiltrate on chest roentgenogram. Patients received either cefaclor AF (750 mg twice daily) or cefaclor (500 mg three times daily) for 10 to 14 days. Forty patients in the cefaclor AF group and 45 in the cefaclor group were evaluable for efficacy, with 37 (92.5%) and 43 (95.6%), respectively, showing a favorable posttherapy clinical response. Proven or presumed pathogen elimination was achieved in 87.5% and 86.7% of cases, respectively. Both study drugs demonstrated high levels of activity against Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae (including beta-lactamase-producing strains), and Moraxella catarrhalis (including beta-lactamase-producing strains). There were no statistically significant differences between drugs in efficacy results. One or more side effects were reported by 42.4% of the patients treated with cefaclor AF and by 44.0% of those treated with cefaclor; diarrhea, nausea, headache, and respiratory disorders were the most common adverse events. No drug-related side effects were seen with a frequency or severity that would be unexpected with the use of oral cephalosporins. Cefaclor AF and cefaclor performed equally well with respect to clinical and bacteriologic response rates in the treatment of pneumonia.
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PMID:Cefaclor advanced formulation versus cefaclor in the treatment of pneumonia. 152 91

A prospective study was performed to evaluate the feasibility of full dose chemotherapy given on schedule in elderly patients with unfavourable non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, stage IE, III and IV. Using a combination regimen of six courses of cyclophosphamide, mitoxantrone, vincristine and prednisone (CNOP) given every 4 weeks, no serious toxicity was encountered in a group of 30 consecutive patients with a mean age of 70.4 years. A 60% complete response rate was observed and a total response rate of 90%. The disease-free survival of complete responders was 50% at 1 year. The overall survival was also 50% at 1 year. In 148 courses of CNOP only two serious infectious episodes were noted, i.e. one herpes zoster infection and one case of bronchopneumonia. Asymptomatic transient thrombocytopenia and granulocytopenia were commonly observed. Nadirs of white blood cells were WHO grade 1, 2, 3 and 4 in six, five, twelve and two patients respectively and nadirs of thrombocytopenia were WHO grade 0 and 1 (22 patients) or 2 (three patients). Based on low white blood cell counts, a delay of 1 week before administration of the next course of CNOP was necessary in 7% of the courses. No dose reductions were applied. Toxicity other than transient granulocytopenia was minor and consisted of alopecia and nausea. WHO grade 0-2. CNOP related toxicity was never a reason to stop treatment. It is concluded that CNOP chemotherapy without initial dose reduction in elderly patients with intermediate and high grade malignant non-Hodgkin's lymphoma is feasible and that no major toxicity is observed.
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PMID:Full dose chemotherapy in elderly patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: a feasibility study using a mitoxantrone containing regimen. 239 Apr 69

Oral and/or parenteral amoxycillin was used to treat 52 young and adult patients suffering from moderately severe to severe bronchitis, bronchopneumonia or acute lobar pneumonia. The mean time between onset of disease and start of treatment was 3.8 days. Patients received doses of amoxycillin ranging from 375 mg to 1 g 2 to 3-times daily depending on the severity of the condition for a mean of 6.4 days. There was complete resolution of clinical symptoms such as fever, cough and pleural pain after 3 days in all but 3 of the patients. Response was considered excellent or good in 77% of patients and satisfactory in 14%. Mild to moderate side-effects such as urticaria and nausea were reported in 8 patients but were not severe enough to interrupt treatment. Overall, amoxycillin was considered to be effective in 82% and partially so in 11% of the patients treated.
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PMID:[Oral and parenteral amoxicillin in the treatment of pneumonia and acute bronchitis]. 259 21

The routine use of nasogastric (NG) drainage during and after abdominal surgery was examined. One hundred and fifty patients who underwent various abdominal operations with a Levine tube served as a control group (retrospective group). The tubeless study group (prospective group) of 150 patients was randomly and blindly divided into three equal subgroups. Subgroup A patients were operated on without any NG tube. The tube in subgroup B patients was inserted after induction of anesthesia and removed one hour after the operation. The tube in subgroup C was inserted as in subgroup B, but was taken out 12 hours after the operation. The total number of complications in the intubated group was significantly higher than in the tubeless group (P less than 0.01). High temperature, atelectasis and miscellaneous complications were more frequent in the control group than in the study group (P less than 0.01). Other complications such as nausea, vomiting, bronchopneumonia, and gastric dilatation, as well as the resolution of the postoperative ileus and hospital stay, were not of statistical significance. Fewer miscellaneous complications (P less than 0.05) and less patient discomfort were found in subgroup A than in the other tubeless subgroups. Complications in the study group were easily controlled by conservative treatment and no serious complications resulted. Therefore, the routine use of NG suction as adjunctive therapy following abdominal operations is not advocated by this study.
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PMID:Abdominal operations without nasogastric tube decompression of the gastrointestinal tract. 319 4

A 46-year-old man developed sudden dysarthria and atactic gait and was noted to be unable to get up even on the bed about one year prior to his death. By following several days, he started to have scanning speech, nausea, trancal ataxia and dysmetria in succession. The cerebro-spinal fluid yielded moderate pleocytosis. There were no sensory disturbance, pathological reflexes and Romberg's sign. Half a year later, submandibular tumor was noted. The biopsy showed metastatic small cell undifferentiated carcinoma, presumably of pulmonary origin, and paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration was suspected. He died of bronchopneumonia, superimposed on lung cancer on February 25 in 1979. The necropsy showed a large tumor in the right lung which was histologically verified small cell undifferentiated carcinoma (so-called oat-cell carcinoma). The cerebellum disclosed diffuse cortical atrophy, chiefly of Purkinje cell type. Moderate demyelination with reparative gliosis and foamy macrophages was seen in the white matter, which was considered secondary to cortical devastation. The morphometric study on Purkinje cell loss showed interesting distribution of the lesions. The severely affected portions were the central lobe and culmen in the vermis, and the ala lobuli centralis and quadrangular lobe in the hemisphere, respectively. The lingula was strikingly spared. The finding was compared with that of other cerebellar disease in reviewing the literature.
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PMID:[An autopsy case of carcinomatous subacute cerebellar degeneration--on distribution of cerebellar cortical lesions]. 609 6

The chemistry, microbiology, pharmacokinetics, therapeutic use, adverse effects, and dosage of amoxicillin-potassium clavulanate, a beta-lactamase-resistant antibiotic combination, are reviewed. Clavulanic acid is a "suicide" inhibitor of bacterial beta-lactamase enzymes and has been effective in preventing destruction of penicillins by these enzymes. Clavulanic acid alone has weak antibacterial activity against most organisms. After oral administration, clavulanic acid is rapidly absorbed; amoxicillin appears to increase its absorption. Absorption of amoxicillin-clavulanic acid is not affected by food. Amoxicillin-clavulanic acid is effective in treating both acute uncomplicated and complicated urinary-tract infections and exacerbations of chronic bronchitis caused by amoxicillin-resistant organisms in adults. It appears to be comparable in efficacy to cefaclor for treating uncomplicated urinary-tract infections in adults and children, acute bronchitis and bronchopneumonia, and acute sinusitis, otitis media, and skin and soft-tissue infections in children. Other infections for which the combination has been effective include cellulitis and intra-abdominal and pelvic sepsis caused by mixed aerobic/anaerobic organisms. Amoxicillin-clavulanic acid has also successfully cured urethritis in men caused by penicillinase-producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae and is superior to amoxicillin alone for beta-lactamase-positive Haemophilus ducreyi infections (chancroid). Diarrhea or loose stools is the most common side effect seen with amoxicillin-clavulanic acid; nausea, vomiting, and skin rash may also occur. Nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea may be lessened by taking the combination with food.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Amoxicillin-potassium clavulanate, a beta-lactamase-resistant antibiotic combination. 639 83

A 45-year-old male was admitted to hospital after 2 to 3 days of vomiting, nausea, and diarrhea following an apparent overdose of colchicine tables. During hospitalization his white blood cell count fell dramatically. At death, 33 h following initial hospitalization, pleural effusion with bilateral bronchopneumonia was evident, together with numerous bacterial colonies and marked hypocellularity of bone marrow and reduced megakaryocytes, erythroid, and myeloid cells. The most striking histological findings were numerous metaphasic mitotic figures in gastric and small bowel epithelia. Colchicine was detected, confirmed by high pressure liquid chromatography with photodiode array detection, and quantitated in antemortem plasma collected 3.3 h following hospitalization and in postmortem blood and bile. Colchicine was not detected in liver, vitreous humor, or stomach contents.
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PMID:Death following colchicine poisoning. 811 10

Forty five patients at the age of 15 to 84 years with signs of infection requiring active antibacterial therapy were treated with cefotetan. In the majority of the patients pulmonary affections such as double pneumonia, pleurisy or bronchopneumonia were stated. In some patients bronchopulmonary pathological processes were associated with pancreatitis, cholecystitis or other diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. A separate group included patients with diseases of the small pelvis organs (pelvioperitonitis, metroendometritis or prostatitis) and diseases of the urogenital system (pyelonephritis) arachnoiditis. In all the patients except for one with bronchopneumonia at the background of chronic myeloleukemia and agranulocytosis the results of the treatment were good and satisfactory. Cefotetan proved to be efficient in the treatment of purulent affections of the skin and subcutaneous fat (abscesses and phlegmona), trophic disturbances at the background of pathological processes in the vessels and pyoseptic condition. Cefotetan practically had no side effects. Only in 2 patients insignificant nausea during the first 2 days of the treatment was recorded. In some patients the antibiotic intramuscular injections were painful with formation of cold infiltrates. After intravenous administration of cefotetan no adverse reactions were observed.
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PMID:[Effectiveness of cefotetan in clinical practice]. 933 42

Out of 938 parasitologically confirmed patients with visceral leishmaniasis treated with amphotericin B (1 mg/kg bodyweight daily infused in 2 h for 20 days), 935 were cured clinically, 933 parasitologically and 931 ultimately (no relapse within 6 months). Two parasitologically 'not cured' and 4 relapsed patients were cured with 25 infusions, and 1 with double relapse with 30 infusions. The treatment was started only when serum haemoglobin reached 5 g/dL, serum electrolyte imbalance was corrected and sodium stibogluconate-induced myocardial damage stabilized after 10 days' rest. Bronchopneumonia, cardiac failure and acute renal failure caused the death of 1 patient each. Nightblindness, angular stomatitis, neuritis, and petechial haemorrhages improved with appropriate treatment; 2 patients were given blood transfusion for post-treatment anaemia. Nausea and anorexia, and changes in serum creatinine and potassium, became normal in 2 weeks. Immediate withdrawal of the drug and restart after 10 days cured 2 patients who developed acute renal failure. Infusion-related toxicities--shivering, rigor and fever--were minimized but not eliminated by prior administration of hydrocortisone. Tuberculosis and visceral leishmaniasis were treated concurrently. Four pregnant patients were successfully treated without harmful effects on mother and child. It was concluded that the dosage of amphotericin B used was an effective and well-tolerated regimen and achieved 99% cure. Toxicity could be minimized with some precautions. All unresponsive and relapsed patients responded to more amphotericin and no resistance to the drug was seen.
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PMID:Amphotericin B deoxycholate treatment of visceral leishmaniasis with newer modes of administration and precautions: a study of 938 cases. 1049 70

We report two cases of a rapidly progressive fatal overwhelming pneumococcal infection. Patient 1 was a 67-year-old man with a 24-h history of fever and malaise and was transferred to our department. He was severely ill, tachypneic, and felt a chill. A purpuric discoloration with ecchymosis of the skin was noted over the body. The chest X-ray findings demonstrated thickening of the bronchovascular bundle in the right lower lung field, which later revealed the presence of bronchopneumonia. Laboratory studies revealed the presence of metabolic acidosis and disseminated intravascular coagulation. After presentation, rapid deterioration occurred followed by cardiopulmonary arrest. Despite cardiopulmonary resuscitation, the patient died only 3 h after presentation. The isolates from the patient's blood revealed penicillin-susceptible Streptococcus pneumoniae, serotype 4. Patient 2 was a 30-year-old woman with a prior history of uneventful pregnancies was transferred to our department with a 2-day history of fever, nausea, headache, and malaise. Although she was in the 19th week of pregnancy at the time, she suffered a miscarriage just prior to admission. Upon presentation to our department, she demonstrated unstable vital signs, diminished consciousness, anuria, and icterus. Purpuric discoloration with ecchymosis of the skin was noted in over most of her body, including the distal extremities. The chest X-ray findings were close to normal. Initial laboratory studies revealed the presence of severe metabolic acidosis and disseminated intravascular coagulation with multiple organ failure. Despite aggressive cardiopulmonary support, normal neurological responses disappeared on the 2nd day following admission and the patient died on the 16th day after admission. The patient's isolates from blood and vaginal swabs both later revealed penicillin-susceptible Streptococcus pneumoniae, serotype 12F. The presentation of rapidly progressive septic shock should raise the treating physician's suspicion of overwhelming pneumococcal infection, which has limited management options.
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PMID:Rapidly progressive fatal pneumococcal sepsis in adults: a report of two cases. 1798 26


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