Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027497 (nausea)
 23,468 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

An ongoing trial of combination chemotherapy using ifosfamide (Holoxan), epirubicin and 5-fluorouracil was started in 1987. A total of 30 patients with metastatic cancer of the breast received 1.5 g/m2 i.v. ifosfamide over 60 min on days 1-3, 50 mg/m2 i.v. epirubicin on day 1 and 500 mg/m2 i.v. 5-fluorouracil on day 1, followed by mesna (Uromitexan) given at 20% of the ifosfamide dose at 0, 4 and 8 h. The courses were repeated every 4 weeks. In all, 198 courses were given, ranging from 3 to 13 (median, 7) cycles/patient. The mean age of the 30 patients was 48 years (range, 35-66 years); 5 had not previously received chemotherapy and the others had failed prior cytotoxic and endocrine therapy. Overall, 28 patients were evaluable, 7 (25%) showed a complete response and 15 (54%) had a partial response, for an overall response rate of 22/28 (79%). Three patients showed stable disease with improved symptoms, and in three cases disease progression occurred. The median duration of response was 9 months (range, 3-20 months). Median survival was 11 months for all patients, 15 months for CRs, 10 months for PRs, 6 months for stable disease and 12 months for progressive disease (PD). Survival for the 22 responding patients was 12 months. Toxicity was acceptable and included alopecia, mucositis, nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, mild cystitis and myelosuppression. Epirubicin did not appear to produce cardiac toxicity, and ifosfamide with mesna did not seem to result in severe urotoxicity. Chemotherapy with ifosfamide, epirubicin and 5-fluorouracil proved to be effective for treatment of advanced breast cancer and should be further studied in large, controlled trials.
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PMID:Treatment of metastatic breast cancer with the combination of ifosfamide, epirubicin and 5-fluorouracil. 234 52

Prior to the introduction of tamoxifen, diethylstilbestrol (DES) was widely used as the first-line endocrine therapy in postmenopausal women with advanced breast cancer. Since randomized trials reported that tamoxifen has a similar response rate but fewer side effects than DES, its use has declined markedly. We administered DES in a dose of 10-20 mg daily to 11 postmenopausal women with advanced breast cancer, all of whom had received previous endocrine and some cytotoxic therapy also. Four women showed tumour responses to DES (1 complete and 3 partial), 5 had stable disease, and 2 progressive disease. Amongst the patients who responded, 2 had previously been unresponsive to other endocrine treatments. Of the women with stable disease, 3 had prolonged relief of symptoms. No withdrawal responses were noted. The major side effects were nausea (severe in 2 patients, mild in 1) and cardiac failure (2 patients). We conclude that DES remains a useful, active agent in the management of advanced breast cancer in postmenopausal women, even in patients with tumours unresponsive to other endocrine therapy.
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PMID:Diethylstilbestrol revisited in advanced breast cancer management. 235 92

Phase II trials of flavone acetic acid have been performed in a total of 87 patients including 17 with advanced breast cancer, 23 with advanced colorectal cancer, 25 with advanced malignant melanoma and 22 with advanced head and neck cancer. Patients with colorectal cancer and melanoma had received no prior chemotherapy; in breast and head and neck cancer patients prior chemotherapy had been given with a median of 5 and 2 drugs respectively. The schedule used was a once-weekly regime, with a dose of 4.8 gms/m2 given as a 1 hour infusion, together with alkalinization (with i.v. sodium bicarbonate) given before and after FAA. Reassessment was performed after 6 weekly doses, although in 23 patients fewer than 6 doses were given, because of early disease progression in 15, and undue toxicity in 5. An additional 3 patients died within 72 hours of having received FAA and, although the precise cause of death in each case was not established, FAA toxicity could not be excluded. Treatment was generally manageable, the major manifestations of toxicity comprising uncomfortable warmth and flushes, nausea, diarrhoea, and visual complaints. Hypotension was also documented in 8 patients. No objective responses were seen in any of the patient sub-groups, although disease-stabilization was seen in 3 patients with breast cancer, 1 patient with advanced colorectal cancer, 2 patients with advanced melanoma and 4 patients with head and neck cancer. Further Phase II studies, using a higher dose of 8.6 gm/m2 over 6 hours once weekly, are currently in progress in Europe.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Phase II trials with flavone acetic acid (NCS. 347512, LM975) in patients with advanced carcinoma of the breast, colon, head and neck and melanoma. 238 21

In a phase II study, 77 patients with metastatic breast cancer were treated with pirarubicin, 70 mg/m2 iv every 3 weeks. Most of them had received prior hormonal (n = 39) and/or chemotherapeutic drug treatment for advanced disease, including anthracycline-containing regimens in 17. After a median of 5.5 treatment cycles (range 1-14), objective tumor response was seen in 22/71 (31%) evaluable patients (4CR, 18 PR). Stable disease occurred in 34 (48%) patients, whereas the tumor progressed in 15 (21%). Significant hematologic toxicity (WHO grade III-IV) requiring interval and/or dose adjustments was observed in 41 (58%) patients. Other treatment-related side effects were generally mild, and included alopecia in 52 (73%), nausea and/or emesis in 50 (70%), and stomatitis and diarrhea in 3 patients each. There was no treatment-related death, nor was there any evidence of cardiac toxicity thus far. In summary, the early results of this trial suggest that pirarubicin is an active and rather well tolerated drug in pretreated patients with advanced breast cancer.
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PMID:Pirarubicin (4'-o-tetrahydropyranil-adriamycin) for treatment of advanced breast cancer. A Clinical Phase II study. 238 8

Thirty-one patients were entered into a pilot study combining oral quinidine with epirubicin 100 mg m-2 as first line chemotherapy in advanced breast cancer. Three patients were treated with quinidine 1 g b.d., and developed symptoms of toxicity. Of eight subsequent patients treated with quinidine 500 mg b.d., two experienced tiredness and nausea and one severe oral toxicity with epirubicin. The remaining 20 patients received quinidine 250 mg b.d.; one developed cinchonism and one malaise, the remainder showing no excess toxicity compared with epirubicin alone. The median nadir WBC was similar with or without quinidine (2.3 vs 1.6 x 10(9) l-1) as was median nadir platelet count (175 vs 157 x 10(9) l-1). There was no evidence of significant cardiac toxicity. The median plasma quinidine level achieved was 5.6 mumol l-1 (range 2.1-22.1), which is within the range of concentrations which is effective in vitro at reversing experimental anthracycline resistance. A randomised controlled study is proposed to assess the impact of this potential modulation on the efficacy of epirubicin in advanced breast cancer.
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PMID:A pilot study of quinidine and epirubicin in the treatment of advanced breast cancer. 239 Apr 73

Estramustine phosphate, an anti-prostatic cancer agent, was investigated on eleven patients to evaluate the efficacy in a treatment of advanced breast cancers. The daily dose of medication was 840 mg. According to criteria of Japan Society for Cancer Therapy, none was assessed as CR, three as PR, four as NC and PD. The response rate was 27.3%. There was no differences in response rates among estrogen receptor status. A favourable response was observed in postmenopausal patients but no response in premenopausal, as well as a good response in lesions of soft tissue and lung, a poor response in lesions of liver and bone. As to toxicity of estramustine phosphate, gastrointestinal disorders such as nausea, vomiting and diarrhea were noted frequently during the treatment, and a long term administration was not able to perform in premenopausal patients because of vaginal bleeding and discharge, and pain in breast. The estramustine phosphate therapy for advanced breast cancers was regarded as one of modalities for a treatment of postmenopausal patients as a second line therapy. This is the first report in Japan discussing the efficacy of estramustine phosphate for a treatment of breast cancer.
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PMID:[Clinical evaluation of estramustine phosphate in the treatment of patients with advanced breast cancers]. 239 6

Prognostic factors for survival were analyzed retrospectively in 214 patients with brain metastases of the solid tumour type. The most frequent neurological signs and symptoms at diagnosis of cerebral involvement were headache-nausea-vomiting and focal weakness. Similar numbers of patients were found to have solitary metastasis and multiple lesions. Non-small cell lung cancer, small cell lung cancer, breast cancer, melanoma, and renal cell cancer comprised the majority of the primaries. Most patients received high-dose corticosteroids, while in a third, anticonvulsant agents were administered. Of 157 patients treated with radiation alone, or surgery with or without radiation, 110 experienced alleviation of symptoms or stabilisation of the disease. In 38 patients with a solitary lesion, craniotomy was carried out, either with or without postoperative radiation; the latter group showed the longest survival with a median of 37 wk. The remaining group of 73 patients with one brain metastasis had a median survival of only 15 wk. The 69 patients with multiple lesions who had been irradiated had a median survival of 15 wk, while that for 34 untreated patients was 7 wk. A short median survival of 11 and 13 wk, respectively, was observed in patients with concurrent progressive extracerebral disease and in those with progressive neurological symptoms regardless of treatment. It is concluded that in patients with a solitary brain metastasis without progressive extracerebral disease surgery should be considered the treatment of first choice aiming at a long-term survival with a good quality of life.
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PMID:Palliative care for brain metastases of solid tumour types. 246 70

Fourteen patients with refractory metastatic breast cancer were treated with high dose chemotherapy and autologous hematopoietic stem cell rescue. All patients received cyclophosphamide (7.5 g/m2 over 3 days) and thiotepa (150-225 mg/m2 over 3 days), three patients in addition received melphalan (4.5 mg/kg), and seven patients received carmustine (150-562 mg/m2). Toxicities included pancytopenia, infection, hemorrhagic cystitis, skin rash, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and mucositis. There was one toxic death secondary to sepsis and ventricular tachycardia. The overall response rate was 77% including a 15% complete response rate. The overall median survival for all patients was 6.0 months (range 2-22 months). The median survival for nonresponders was 3.5 months. The median duration of response was 89 days (range 40-262). In our experience high dose chemotherapy with autologous stem cell reinfusion produces a high response rate in refractory breast cancer. However, because of the short duration of response and overall survival, we feel this type of therapy should be utilized earlier in the course of disease.
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PMID:High dose chemotherapy with autologous hematopoietic stem cell support in the treatment of refractory stage IV breast carcinoma. 250 79

Fenretinide, N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)retinamide (HPR), is a synthetic retinoid which has been proven effective in inducing cell differentiation and in inhibiting carcinogen induced mammary tumors in rodents. Because of its efficacy and low toxicity in animals, HPR has been proposed for chemopreventive evaluation in humans. Thus, a randomized trial has been conducted to select a dose which can be administered over a lengthy period of time and with acceptable toxicity. The retinoid was administered orally to patients already operated on for breast cancer in daily doses of 100, 200 and 300 mg for 6 months and subsequently at 200 mg for another 6 months. No acute toxicity was found. Dermatological toxicity was minimal and no liver function abnormalities were observed. Nausea and headaches were infrequent and always mild. Menstrual irregularities were recorded with similar frequency in the treatment and placebo groups and appeared to be more age related than drug dependent. After 6 months of treatment one of 25 patients taking 300 mg HPR daily experienced impaired night vision, confirmed by the electroretinogram, and resolved by interruption of treatment. Because the 300 mg daily dose is possibly associated with impaired dark adaptation, the recommended dose for chemoprevention trials of HPR is 200 mg per day.
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PMID:Tolerability of the synthetic retinoid Fenretinide (HPR). 252 70

In this pilot clinical trial conducted in 10 postmenopausal women with advanced breast cancer, we evaluated the endocrine effects and toxicity of combined somatostatin analog and dopaminergic therapy in the attempt to suppress both growth hormone (GH) and prolactin (PRL) secretion. The patients' mean age was 63 years (range: 54-77) and the average number of previous treatments was 4.8 +/- 2 (SD). All patients were treated with the somatostatin analog SMS 201-995 (100-200 micrograms s.c. in a.m. and h.s.) and bromocriptine (2.5 mg orally twice a day). During treatment, GH levels following provocative testing (either L-DOPA or insulin-induced hypoglycemia) were suppressed in 7/9 patients. Basal somatomedin-S (Sm-C) levels declined in 6/9 women. Both GH and Sm-C levels decreased in 4 patients, while in the remaining 5 only one of the two parameters was lowered on treatment. PRL secretion (during provocative TRH testing) was almost totally abolished in 8/9 patients. The treatment did not affect circulating levels of FSH, LH, E1, E2, E1-S, T4, T3RU, or cortisol. Seven patients experienced no side effects. Nausea occurred in 3, but was severe enough in only one to require discontinuation of therapy. One patient experienced disease stabilization consisting of less than 50% regression of skin nodules and pleural effusion, a decline in CEA titer, and an improved performance status lasting 7 months. We conclude that combined SMS 201-995 and bromocriptine therapy is safe and frequently suppresses GH and PRL secretion. Its role in the treatment of metastatic breast cancer should be tested in patients with less advanced disease.
Breast Cancer Res Treat 1989 Dec
PMID:Endocrine effects of combined somatostatin analog and bromocriptine therapy in women with advanced breast cancer. 257 6


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