Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027497 (nausea)
 23,468 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A detailed questionnaire concerning life history of headache and its characteristics was administered to 1,809 nonmedical volunteers. Questions dealt with severity of headache, the nature of preceding and accompanying phenomena (nausea, visual scotomata, neurologic symptoms), precipitating factors, and history of other illness. For the total sample and in the 25 to 39 age group, severe or disabling headaches were significantly more frequent in women and mild headaches were significantly more common in men. Migraine characteristics were common with mild headache. An association between hypertension and severe headache was found in women, between asthma and severe headache in men.
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PMID:Characteristics of life headache histories in a nonclinic population. 55 63

During the period from September 8 to October 2, 1970, 44 of the 120 children and 78 of 141 adults questioned at the Children's Asthma Research Institute and Hospital experienced gastroenteritis characterized by nausea, vomiting, and fever and/or chills. Diarrhea was rare in children (4.5%) and common in adults (74%). The median duration of illness for children, 18 hours, was significantly shorter than the 48 hours for adults. All viral and bacterial cultures of 30 stool specimens were negative for viruses and bacterial pathogens. A retrospective survey of 28 ill employees revealed a secondary attach rate of 46% of 76 family contacts. A bacteria-free filtrate prepared from stool swab specimens of 2 ill adults by a team at the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases was administered orally to 3 adult volunteers. One of the 3 vomited and had 4 watery diarrheal stools on the third post-inoculation day. Diarrheal stool filtrates from this person were then given orally to 8 others; 1 became ill. Although the epidemiologic features point to the respiratory route of infection, the probably successful serial transmission of disease via bacteria-free stool filtrates through 2 generations of volunteers also suggests that the "Denver agent" is a virus-sized particle that replicates in the gastrointestinal tract.
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PMID:Epidemic acute infectious nonbacterial gastroenteritis at the Children's Asthma Research Institute and Hospital. 116 30

The introduction of dinoprost tromethamine (Prostin F2 Alpha) as an abortifacient in the second trimester of pregnancy represents the first clinical use of a prostaglandin. Various synthetic analogues of the naturally occurring derivatives are being employed investigationally in the treatment of peptic ulcer, hypertension, asthma, and hypercalcemia. In the United States, dinoprost tromethamine is primarily administered intra-amniotically. Despite the fact that a substantial number of patients experience allergic reactions, hypertension, bronchospasm, nausea, vomiting, cramps, and diarrhea, the efficacy and relative safety of dinoprost tromethamine establish it as superior to intra-amniotic instillation of hypertonic saline. Cervical laceration, laceration or rupture of the lower uterine segment, retention of the placenta, and hemorrhage in part reflect the intensity of uterine contraction induced by dinoprost. Experience in administration improves the therapeutic response and diminishes adverse reactions.
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PMID:The prostaglandins. 117 7

A 58 year old Chinese male, one week after arriving in Canada from Hong Kong, presented with acute abdominal pain and diarrhoea which was rapidly followed by Escherichia coli infection causing septicaemia and meningitis. His past history revealed bronchial asthma for 15 years treated with steroids. At laparotomy, 7 days after the onset of symptoms, he was found to have extensive haemorrhagic infarction of the small bowel and right colon. Examination of the fibrosed mesenteric vessels revealed numerous filariform larvae of Strongyloides stercoralis, within the walls, and in all layers of bowel wall. The role of the parasite in the production of obliterative arteritis in this fatal case of haemorrhagic enteropathy is discussed. Clinical strongyloidiasis, in uncomplicated cases, varies from mild to severe with gastroenteritis, nausea, colicky abdominal pain, electrolyte imbalance and symptoms of malabsorption syndrome (MARCIAL-ROJAS, 1971). In malnourished individuals and patients with debilitating infections, either newly acquired or asymptomatic latent infection with S. stercoralis can assume severe dimensions (BROWN and PERNA, 1958; HUGHTON and HORN, 1959). Similarly, in patients on steroid (CRUZ et al., 1966; WILLIS and MWOKOLO, 1966; NEEFE et al., 1973) and immunosuppressive therapy for lymphomatous diseases or deficient in immune response (ROGERS and NELSON, 1966; RIVERA et al., 1970), systemic strongyloidiasis is often fatal. The increased frequency of auto-infection in such patients with a breached immune barrier is, however, unclear. Further complications of this infection due to severe enterocolitis result in sepsis, bacteraemia and meningitis (BROWN and PERNA, 1958; HUGHTON and HORN, 1959). This paper presents a fatal case of S. stercoralis infection which illustrates an uncommon if not unique, mechanism in its production of haemorrhagic enteropathy leading to sepsis and death.
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PMID:Fatal bowel infarction and sepsis: an unusual complication of systemic strongyloidiasis. 122 84

A role of nutrients in the onset of migraine and other gastrointestinal symptoms (vomiting, nausea, diarrhoea), skin reactions (rush, atopic dermatitis, Quincke'a edema), respiratory symptoms (bronchial asthma, cough, allergic rhinitis, polyps, congestion of the nasal mucosa), motion system disorders (jointache and edema), gynecological disorders (chronic and recurrent adnexitis), and sleep disorders together with emotional tension and behavioral disturbances has been assessed in 17 patients with atopy. Migraine attacks have been produced most frequently by cow milk (in 10 out of 17 patients), cabbage, flour and eggs in 5 patients, preservatives, cottage and Swiss cheese, porcine meat in 4 patients, colorants and chocolate in 3 patients, beef, strawberries, lemons and butter in 2 patients. Other nutrients produced headache in single patients. Migraine and other symptoms have diminished after an individual elimination diet. Recurrence has been noted after each consumption of allergen except one female patient with EEG abnormalities. Immunoglobulins E have been involved in headache-producing mechanism in 3 patients.
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PMID:[Migraine as one of the symptoms of food allergy]. 135 12

A multicenter study was performed to determine the incidence of adverse reactions to two contrast media with similar low osmolality during cardiac angiography. The study was of a randomized double-blind design comparing ioxaglate (an ionic dimer) and iopamidol (a nonionic compound) and included 500 patients; 250 patients received ioxaglate and 250 iopamidol. There were 58 adverse reactions attributed to the contrast media in the ioxaglate group and 29 in the iopamidol group (p less than 0.001). Chest pain occurred in 11 patients in the ioxaglate group compared with 5 in the iopamidol group (p = 0.123). Nausea or vomiting was present in 20 and 2 patients, respectively (p less than 0.0003). Allergic adverse reactions, such as bronchospasm, urticaria and itching, occurred in 15 of the ioxaglate group and only 1 of the patients receiving iopamidol (p less than 0.0007). Fifty-two patients in the ioxaglate group had a known allergic history (not to contrast medium) or asthma, whereas 77 receiving iopamidol had a similar history. Seven of the 52 ioxaglate-treated patients developed an allergic adverse reaction compared with none of the 77 in the iopamidol group (p = 0.001). Of 41 patients receiving ioxaglate who were premedicated with diphenhydramine, 4 had an allergic adverse event. In the iopamidol group 45 patients received similar premedication and none had an allergic adverse reaction (p less than 0.03). Thus, this multicenter study shows that adverse reactions occur more often with ioxaglate than with iopamidol and that patients with an allergic history have a greater risk with ioxaglate therapy compared with iopamidol.
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PMID:Adverse reactions of low osmolality contrast media during cardiac angiography: a prospective randomized multicenter study. 155 9

Drugs influencing hepatic microsomal enzyme systems, such as mexiletine, may affect the elimination pattern of theophylline. The three patients reported here had a history of asthma and premature ventricular contractions, and were receiving theophylline therapy. A few days after starting the coadministration of mexiletine and theophylline, theophylline serum concentrations increased about twofold over concentrations during theophylline therapy. In one case, theophylline serum concentrations increased by 2.6 fold, and the patient developed nausea and anorexia. Mexiletine serum concentrations did not change. It seems that with mexiletine therapy, lower doses of theophylline may be required and careful monitoring of serum concentrations is necessary.
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PMID:Interaction between theophylline and mexiletine. 169 23

Oral administration of spiropent (clenbuterol), 20 mcg on waking in the morning and 40 mcg before sleep, daily for 2 months, was studied in 34 patients, 19 males and 15 females, aged between 27 to 73 years (mean 47.8 +/- 17.5), who had chronic reversible airways obstruction as defined by the A.T.S.'s criteria. Assessments were made before and after the trial by monitoring lung function parameters and patient's comment on efficacy, side effects and comfort. Except 5 patients, 2 suffering from severe headache and 3 from poor control of asthma who had withdrawn from this study after one week of treatment, all patients completed the trial. Six out of 29 patients who completed the trial needed additional steroid treatment and 9 needed beta 2-agonist inhalation during the treatment period. The results showed improvement of FEV1 more than 15% in 21 patients (72%), FVC in 17 patients (59%) and PEFR in 20 patients (69%). These increases were significant (p less than 0.0001). However, only 12 patients (41%) had marked subjective improvement at the end of treatment. Cough (21%), headache (10%), nausea (7%) and dizziness (3%) were the commonest side-effects. No clinical or statistical difference was found in changes of vital signs and laboratory parameters. In conclusion, clenbuterol was effective and well-tolerated in the majority of patients enrolled in this study with minimal side-effects and good compliance. It may be used for long-term treatment of chronic reversible airways obstruction at lower cost.
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PMID:Spiropent (clenbuterol): another choice for patients with chronic reversible airways obstruction. 184 57

Nursing management of second trimester abortion by PGE2 suppository after cervical dilatation with laminaria or Lamicel focuses on monitoring and treating side effects, managing pain, and supporting the patient emotionally. Mean abortion time by this method is 15-17 hours, within 24 hours in 80% of women. The side effects expected from PGs are nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramps, and diarrhea. Premedication with transdermal scopolamine, and ancillary methods such as giving ice chips, airing the room, keeping the patient clean are helpful. Acetaminophen is given orally or rectally for fever, headache, or chills. A beta-adrenergic tocolytic drug such as ritodrine HC1 is given if uterine contractions become tetanic, contractions 2-3 per minute or lasting longer than 6-90 seconds, detected by palpation. This drug must be used with caution in patients with asthma. Pain management in midtrimester abortion depends solely on the woman's comfort. Meperidine, morphine, epidural anesthesia with bupivacaine, lidocaine or morphine SO4, or patient-controlled anesthesia may be used. The nurse should monitor side effects such as hypotension, allergic responses, arrhythmias, and inability to void. Midtrimester abortion is often a stress-filled experience, since women may be ambivalent upon learning of fetal abnormalities. The women should be monitored after delivery to ensure that her uterus remains contracted, and assisted if surgical removal of retained products is necessary. Patients teaching for discharge, including medication to prevent lactation, is described. A care plan is suggested for assisting the family with bereavement, based on that used in case of stillbirth or neonatal deaths.
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PMID:Second-trimester termination of pregnancy: nursing care. 156 89

In a multicentre, randomized, cross-over double-blind, double placebo trial the effectiveness and tolerability of slow-release oral salbutamol (SRS) were compared with those of long-acting (LA) theophylline (T) in the treatment of nocturnal asthma of adults. Forty-nine patients (mean age 37 years) entered the study after a pre-trial period during which a placebo and inhaled salbutamol were used as reference and to test the criteria of inclusion. The number of awakenings due to asthma symptoms was the same with SRS, and T, falling from 1.27 in the pre-trial period to 0.44 under SRS and 0.42 under T. The scores of nocturnal asthma symptoms were improved with both types of treatment. The number of puffs of inhaled salbutamol necessary during the night decreased from 1.94 in the pre-trial period to 1.15 under SRS and 0.92 under T. The number of patients improved was exactly the same in both groups. The ventilatory parameters measured by respiratory function tests at different visits and daily by the patients themselves were also improved. The principal minor side-effects were tremor (5 cases) and irritability (3 cases) with SRS, and nausea (6 cases), headache (3 cases) and asthenia (2 cases) with T; an overdose of T resulted in malaise in one patients. It is concluded that slow-release oral salbutamol administered in doses of 8 mg b.d. is effective in controlling nocturnal asthma, easy to take and very well tolerated.
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PMID:[Slow-release salbutamol in the treatment of nocturnal asthma. Result of a comparative study vs. long-acting theophylline]. 195 3


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