Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027497 (nausea)
 23,468 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Cytotoxic chemotherapy and interferon have shown synergistic antitumor activity in vitro. The purpose of this study was to determine the maximally tolerated dose of doxorubicin given every 3 weeks, in patients receiving recombinant alpha 2-interferon [10 X 10(6) IU/m2 s.c. three times per week (Monday, Wednesday, and Friday)] during the first 2 weeks of each cycle of doxorubicin. Fourteen patients received a total of 41 cycles. Hematological toxicity was dose limiting with granulocytopenia (total granulocyte count, less than 1000) occurring in 50% of patients treated with doxorubicin at 40 mg/m2 and in 25% of patients treated with doxorubicin at 30 mg/m2. Nonhematological toxicities included a flu-like syndrome, alopecia, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and transient mild increases in liver function tests. A partial response was seen in one patient with metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the skin and in another patient with metastatic adenocarcinoma of the pancreas. Concomitant administration of recombinant alpha 2-interferon given on this schedule limits the amount of doxorubicin that can be administered. However, the responses noted in this study are encouraging enough to warrant additional studies of doxorubicin plus recombinant alpha 2-interferon.
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PMID:Phase I study of alpha 2-interferon plus doxorubicin in patients with solid tumors. 375 87

High dose Cytarabin in relapsed and refractory acute leukaemia. High dose cytarabin can be very effective for the treatment of acute leukaemia resistent to conventional cytarabin doses. Therefore 10 patients (6 males, 4 females) with ages ranging from 18 to 58 years (median: 34 years) refractory to conventional induction therapy were treated with 1 hour infusions of high dose cytarabin (3 g/m2 q 12 h for 6 days) 2 patients got additional 20 mg/m2 doxorubicin on days 7 to 9. According to this treatment, in 5 of the 10 patients complete remissions could be achieved. Without further treatment 3 patients relapsed after 4, 7 and 15 months leading to death in 2 or 3 months. 19 months after treatment 1 patient is in complete remission, though demonstrating meningosis leukaemica 5 months after high dose cytarabin. Another patient relapsed 14 months after high dose cytarabin, reaching another complete remission after treatment according to a ALL/AUL protocol [7]. 2 patients died in bone marrow aplasia and 2 patients did not show any response, dying 11 months after high dose cytarabin application. All patients demonstrated vomiting, nausea, diarrhea and allopecia. Bone marrow was profoundly depressed in all patients with severe granulocytopenia and thrombocytopenia for periods from 7 to 34 days. 3 to 5 days after the end of high dose cytarabin therapy 3 patients developed acute ceratitis and 2 patients conjunctivitis. 3 patients showed erythrodermia of their skin with epidermolysis in 2 of these patients.
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PMID:[High-dose cytarabine treatment: a promising therapy modality in acute resistant myeloid leukemias in recurrence]. 388 15

Twenty-four patients with measurable metastatic renal cell carcinoma were treated in a phase I-II trial with alpha (human leukocyte) interferon (alpha IFN) and vinblastine (VBL) in combination. Patients received 3 X 10(6) IU/day of alpha IFN im 5 days/week and VBL iv weekly (at a starting dose of 0.15 mg/kg), with doses modified for toxicity. All patients were evaluable for toxicity; 23 patients were evaluable for response. An objective response rate of 13% was observed (three partial responses). An additional 22% of patients had minimal responses (five patients). The occurrence of nausea, vomiting, thrombocytopenia, hepatic dysfunction, and fever was comparable to that seen in previous studies of alpha IFN alone. Granulocytopenia, neurotoxicity, and malaise, however, occurred with increased frequency and severity. alpha IFN and VBL administered in combination in this dose schedule demonstrated activity similar to but toxicity greater than that seen in previous trials of alpha IFN alone.
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PMID:Treatment of renal cell carcinoma with alpha (human leukocyte) interferon and vinblastine in combination: a phase I-II trial. 397 56

A clinical Phase I study of recombinant human interferon alpha A (Ro 22-8181) was performed in patients with malignant tumors; twenty of them received an American product and seven others a domestic product. Both products were administered in single intramuscularly injected doses of 18, 36, 50, 75 and 100 X 10(6)U. Main side effects included fever and influenza-like symptoms (headache, chill/shivering, general fatigue, lumbago), and digestive symptoms (anorexia, nausea/vomiting). Numbness of fingers or limbs and somnolence were also observed in higher dose groups, but these symptoms all disappeared on the day of administration or by the 3rd day after administration. Abnormal laboratory findings included leukopenia, granulocytopenia, lymphocytopenia, thrombocytopenia and increased GOT/GPT/LDH, but these returned to normal by the 10th day after administration. The peak blood concentration was correlated with the dose, falling to the base line 72 hr after administration. The American product and the domestic product were nearly comparable in the type and incidence of their side effects, and also produced generally comparable blood concentrations. Furthermore, increased anti-IFN-alpha antibody titer was not observed in any of the patients; and the Prick Test proved negative in all of them. No significant changes were observed in any immunological parameters, either.
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PMID:[Phase I study of recombinant human interferon alpha A (Ro 22-8181) in patients with malignant tumors]. 400 81

11 courses of EACA were given to 9 acutely ill, severely thrombocytopenic patients (platelet count less than 20 X 10(9)/l). 6 patients were being treated for acute leukaemia while 1 each had cyclical amegakaryocytic thrombocytopenia, dysmyelopoietic syndrome and advanced chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. 8 were refractory to HLA-matched platelets and 1 refused blood product transfusion. All had simultaneous major medical complications such as infection and granulocytopenia. The highest dose of EACA used was 24 mg/d. Improvement in haemostasis was noted in all patients with successful control of epistaxis in 1, control of gastrointestinal bleeding in 3 and lack of significant bleeding for 4-29 d in the remaining 5 patients. The only toxicity was dose-related nausea. Since this patient group was at extremely high risk for haemorrhage, we conclude that EACA is safe and useful in the management of thrombocytopenia including that occurring during leukaemic induction.
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PMID:Anti-fibrinolytic therapy with aminocaproic acid for the control of bleeding in thrombocytopenic patients. 408 29

Adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) is an extremely difficult disease to treat. The median survival of patients with this disease has been reported to be only about 3 mo even with intensive treatment. We have treated five ATL patients (four males and one female, 42 to 72 yr of age) with total body irradiation (TBI). One patient who received 150 rad of TBI achieved complete remission and has been well without treatment for over a year. One hundred and thirty rad of TBI was administered to another patient, resulting in control of the leukocyte count at around 10,000/microliter and survival for 6 mo. Three patients received 100 rad of TBI. Only one of these patients has lived with leukemic cells for over a year without treatment. The other two patients relapsed rapidly and despite various kinds of treatment, such as a second course of TBI, extracorporeal irradiation of the blood, cytapheresis and combination chemotherapy consisting of pepleomycin, vincristine and a high dose of prednisolone, expired from pneumonia in 3 and 4 mo respectively. In all except the last two patients, thrombocytopenia and anemia developed and lasted for 2.5 wk to 3 mo and granulocytopenia occurred only in the patient who received 150 rad of TBI. Slight nausea and loss of appetite were noticed in one patient. It seems that 100 to 150 rad of TBI is effective against ATL, with acceptable side effects.
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PMID:Total body irradiation as a primary treatment for adult T-cell leukemia. 634 47

A trial of combination chemotherapy using mitoxantrone-cyclophosphamide was started in 1983. Sixteen patients with widely metastatic cancer of the breast, including one man, received mitoxantrone, 10 mg/m2 intravenously (IV) over 30 minutes on day 1, followed by cyclophosphamide, 200 mg/m2 by mouth (PO) daily in divided doses on days 3 to 6. It is too early to evaluate four patients at present. The remaining 12 received three or more courses of treatment, and three of these patients achieved a complete response. Another four patients went into partial remission, amounting to an overall response rate of 58%. The other evaluable patients showed stable disease with improved symptoms. Hematologic toxicity was mainly granulocytopenia, but thrombocytopenia occurred in two patients. Alopecia, nausea, and vomiting were attributed to the cyclophosphamide component of the therapy. Mitoxantrone appeared to have no cardiac toxicity. It was concluded that mitoxantrone-cyclophosphamide is an effective chemotherapeutic combination with minimal toxicity and should be further studied in larger controlled trials.
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PMID:Mitoxantrone and cyclophosphamide in advanced breast cancer: a pilot study. 638 60

Of 3 patients with adult ALL and 23 patients with NHL treated with intravenous administration of 10 mg/M2 of THP for 5 consecutive days, complete remission was observed in 3 patients and partial remission in 14. The antitumor spectrum of THP seemed to be similar to that of Adriamycin from evidence that THP was effective in patients with NHL of diffuse large and mixed cell type. Neither cardiotoxicity nor alopecia was noticed. Anorexia, nausea or vomiting was mild but granulocytopenia and thrombocytopenia were severe in the patients with ALL and leukemic type NHL. Further studies are required for determining cross resistance to other anthracyclines and an optimal dose schedule.
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PMID:[Effects of single administration of tetrahydropyranyladriamycin (THP) in lymphoid malignancy]. 658 24

ICRF-187 is the D-enantiomer of the racemic antitumor agent ICRF-159 and was selected for clinical trials on the basis of aqueous solubility suitable for iv administration. Eighteen patients with refractory advanced solid tumors received ICRF-187 by a 48-hour continuous iv infusion in 5% Dextrose in Water, USP. The total dose ranged from 200 to 1000 mg/m2/48 hours. Courses were repeated at 22--28-day intervals. The major toxic effect was reversible granulocytopenia, with the nadir on Day 12 and the recovery by Day 22. At a dose of 1000 mg/m2/48 hours, the median nadir total wbc count was 1700/mm3 (range, 1300--2600), and the median nadir granulocyte count was 597/mm3 (range, 270--1300). Platelet count nadirs of less than 100,000/mm3 occurred in only three of 16 courses at this level. Granulocyte toxicity was not cumulative and was less severe in repeated courses (median nadir, 1000/mm3 in courses two and three). Mild nausea, malaise, and three instances of alopecia were the only nonhematologic toxic effects encountered. Compared to other schedules, a continuous 48-hour infusion of ICRF-187 seems to have greater toxic effects for a given total dose, and this may predict greater biologic effect. A starting dose of 1000 mg/m2 by a 48-hour continuous infusion is recommended for phase II trials.
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PMID:Phase I trial of ICRF-187 by 48-hour continuous infusion. 678 40

Aclacinomycin A (ACM-A), an anthracycline analog, was given to 17 patients with solid tumors and to one patient with multiple myeloma, in a phase I clinical trial. A single dose of 60-120 mg/m2 was given every 3 weeks. Dose-limiting toxicity was myelosuppression, especially thrombocytopenia. Granulocytopenia was variable and did not always recover by Day 21 in time for the next ACM-A treatment. Other toxic effects were nausea, vomiting, urticaria, and elevation of hepatic enzymes. Alopecia was not a side effect, even in patients receiving multiple courses of ACM-A. Nine patients were monitored with 24-hour continuous ECG recordings (Holter) on 19 ACM-A treatment days. The incidence of premature atrial and ventricular beats was significantly increased following ACM-A administration. In addition, one patient developed episodes of high-degree atrioventricular block and complete heart block after each of four ACM-A doses, necessitating the insertion of a pacemaker. No antitumor responses were seen in the ten patients who had measurable disease and who had received two or more courses of ACM-A. The recommended doses for solid tumor phase II studies are 100 mg/m2 as a single dose every 4 weeks for patients with high performance status and minimal prior chemotherapy and 60 mg/m2 every 4 weeks for all other patients. Until the acute cardiac effects of ACM-A are further understood, we recommend that all patients receiving ACM-A be monitored by ECG recordings.
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PMID:Phase I trial of aclacinomycin A. 695 61


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