Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027497 (nausea)
 23,468 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

6-Diazo-5-oxo-L-norleucine (DON), an L-glutamine antagonist, was administered to 25 evaluable patients with refractory advanced solid tumors in a phase I trial. A total of 58 evaluable courses of five daily iv injections every 3-4 weeks were given, at doses ranging from 7.5 to 90 mg/m2/day. The major dose-limiting toxicity was a syndrome of nausea, vomiting, malaise, and anorexia, which became severe at doses greater than 52.5 mg/m2/day. Diarrhea and stomatitis were less frequent. Hematologic toxicity included mild leukopenia with nadir on Day 6-8 and mild thrombocytopenia with nadir on Day 7-12. Transient decreases in serum calcium to 8.5--8.9 mg/dl were seen in seven of 12 patients receiving greater than or equal to 67.5 mg/m2/day. Dose reduction was required for all patients who received a course of DON at greater than 67.5 mg/m2/day, and a maximum tolerated total dose of 250 mg/m2 (50 mg/m2/day x 5) is suggested for this schedule. Mixed responses were seen in one patient with bladder carcinoma and in one with pulmonary adenocarcinoma.
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PMID:Phase I trial of 6-diazo-5-oxo-L-norleucine (DON) administered by 5-day courses. 708 23

We have tested methyl glyoxal bis-guanyl hydrazone (NSC 32946) for antitumor activity in patients with colorectal carcinoma and non-small cell bronchogenic carcinoma. The drug dose was 500 mg/m2 administered by single weekly injection, and with a provision dose escalation. No responses were seen in 38 evaluable patients with colorectal cancer, including 17 who had received no prior chemotherapy. Three responses were seen among 42 patients with bronchogenic carcinoma. These included one each with epidermoid carcinoma, adenocarcinoma and large cell anaplastic carcinoma. None of these responders had received prior chemotherapy. Toxicity of the drug was predominantly gastrointestinal, namely nausea, vomiting and diarrhea, and tended to increase with repeated drug doses. Neurologic symptoms of various sorts were also prominent. We conclude that methyl-G is of marginal benefit in this dose and schedule to patients with bronchogenic carcinoma.
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PMID:Phase II studies of methyl glyoxal bis-guanylhydrazone (NSC 32946) in carcinoma of the colon and lung. 710 70

A case of giant cell carcinoma of the pancreas is reported herein. The patient is a 67-year-old Japanese woman complaining of ascites, general fatigue, loss of weight, abdominal distention, nausea, and vomiting. Cytological diagnosis of ascites revealed adenocarcinoma. At autopsy, a whitish tumor measuring around 5 cm in diameter was found at the head of the pancreas. Metastasis was seen only in the liver. Histological examination displayed bizarre multinucleated giant cells occasionally phagocytosing the tumor cells and neutrophils.
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PMID:Giant cell carcinoma of the pancreas. 723 16

High-dose thymidine (dThd) was given to 12 patients with advanced hematological and solid tumors. The dose schedule used was 75 g/sq m/day, given i.v. continuously for 5 days or more. Myelosuppression, especially leukopenia, was the dose-limiting toxicity. Nonhematological toxicities affected the gastrointestinal tract (nausea, vomiting, anorexia, diarrhea, and indigestion) and the central nervous system (somnolence, headache, visual illusions, and memory impairment). Patients who had received cumulative doses of dThd developed alopecia. Thymine crystals were noted in the urine after refrigeration. Tumor regression (less than partial remission) occurred in one patient with melanoma. Three of four patients with acute leukemia had a fall in peripheral white blood cell counts and blasts but no marrow improvement. Four patients with adenocarcinoma (three colon, one unknown primary) had stable disease. Pharmacokinetic studies revealed that, at a dThd dose of 75 g/sq m/day, millimolar concentrations of dThd and thymine can be achieved in the plasma. The half-life of dThd was approximately 100 min. One-third of the plasma concentrations was measurable in the cerebrospinal fluid. dThd was mainly excreted by the kidneys.
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PMID:Clinical phase I-II and pharmacokinetic study of high-dose thymidine given by continuous intravenous infusion. 747 Oct 98

A liposome-entrapped liposome form of Adriamycin (Lip-ADM) has been demonstrated to cause less myocardial and gastrointestinal toxicity than free ADM. In the present study, Lip-ADM prepared by the remote loading method was administered to 3 patients with metastatic adenocarcinoma of the liver via a reservoir with the catheter located in the proper hepatic artery. The primary tumor was gastric cancer in 2 patients and sigmoid colon cancer in 1. Lip-ADM was administered at doses of 10, 20 or 50 mg per time. The total ADM dose was 170, 490, and 760 mg, respectively. No severe adverse effects, such as nausea, vomiting, stomatitis, alopecia or cardiotoxicity, were observed in any of the patients. Although mild leukocytopenia (2,800/microliters) was observed in 1 patient, anemia or thrombocytopenia did not occur. The survival time was respectively 6, 15, and 17 months from the start of Lip-ADM administration. A partial response was obtained in 1 patient and stable disease in 1 patient. Administration of Lip-ADM via a reservoir appears to be a useful treatment for patients with metastatic adenocarcinoma of the liver, since the low toxicity of this preparation allows an increase of the total dose of ADM.
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PMID:Intra-arterial liposomal adriamycin for metastatic adenocarcinoma of the liver. 758 1

In 1986 the true benefit of adjuvant medical treatment in postmenopausal patients with pathological node-positive breast adenocarcinoma was still controversial. The French Adjuvant Study Group (FASG) initiated a randomised trial to elucidate the respective roles of adjuvant chemo-and/or hormonotherapy in this group of patients. Of the 776 patients who have been included between 1986 and 1990, 741 were fully eligible for evaluation. Inclusion criteria were postmenopausal patients aged between 50 and 70 years with adenocarcinoma of the breast, positive pathological nodes and no distant metastasis. Patients were randomised to 1 of 4 treatment arms: Group A (n = 192) received tamoxifen 30 mg/day orally for 3 years; Group B (n = 183) received FEC 50 (fluorouracil 500 mg/m2, epirubicin 50 mg/m2 plus cyclophosphamide 500 mg/m2) for 6 cycles; Group C (n = 182) received tamoxifen 30 mg/day orally for 3 years plus FEC 50 for 6 cycles; Group D (n = 184) received no medical adjuvant treatment. Surgery was either modified radical mastectomy (n = 363) or tumorectomy (n = 378), and postoperative irradiation was given to all patients. All major prognostic factors were well balanced between the 4 patient groups. Toxicity was evaluated in 348 patients in Groups B and C who received a total of 1983 chemotherapy cycles. Median epirubicin dose intensity (mg/m2/week) was 15.8 in Group B and 15.7 in Group C. Grade 3 to 4 neutropenia was observed in 4.7% of cycles for Group B and 3.7% for Group C. Grade 3 to 4 nausea/vomiting were seen in 18% of treatment cycles in Group B and 15% in Group C.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Postmenopausal patients with node-positive resectable breast cancer. Tamoxifen vs FEC 50 (6 cycles) vs FEC 50 (6 cycles) plus tamoxifen vs control--preliminary results of a 4-arm randomised trial. The French Adjuvant Study Group. 769 24

Primary adenocarcinoma of the jejunum which accounts for only approximately 3% of all gastrointestinal tract malignancies, is distinctly unusual. Ovarian metastasis from a jejunal cancer is extremely rare. It has significant therapeutic and prognostic implications to differentiate primary ovarian carcinoma from metastatic disease to the ovary. A 49-year-old Japanese woman presented with intermittent nausea, vomiting, and palpable abdominal mass. Pelvic examination and imaging studies revealed a huge ovarian tumor, suspicious for malignancy. Upper GI series and barium enema were unremarkable. Exploratory laparotomy was done for presumed primary ovarian malignancy. Mucinous adenocarcinoma of the right ovary, measuring 25 x 18 x 12 cm, without other intraabdominal dissemination was found. Exploration of the upper abdomen revealed an annular constriction of the jejunum 30 cm distal to the ligament of Treitz. Partial jejunectomy with end-to-end anastomosis was done. Metastatic ovarian cancer from the primary jejunal adenocarcinoma was confirmed microscopically. Although small bowel malignancy is uncommon, small bowel follow-through examination or enteroclysis may be indicated in patients with positive stool for occult blood who have no abnormality in the upper gastrointestinal series and barium enema. In addition to the imaging studies, thorough exploration of the entire abdominal cavity is necessary at ceiliotomy in patients with ovarian malignancy to distinguish primary ovarian cancer from metastatic disease to the ovary.
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PMID:Primary jejunal adenocarcinoma masquerading as a primary ovarian malignancy. 778 80

A late phase II trial on RP 56976 (Docetaxel) was carried out against stage IIIB or IV non-resectable non-small cell lung cancer as a multicenter cooperative trial. Of 78 enrolled patients, seventy five patients were eligible and 71 were evaluable for the response. The overall response rate was 19.7% (14/71): 27.9% (12/48) of patients with adenocarcinoma and 10.0% (2/20) of patients with squamous cell carcinoma responded to docetaxel. The response rate was 15.0% (3/20) in patients with stage III B disease and 21.6% (11/51) in patients with stage IV disease. Leukopenia (neutropenia) occurred frequently, but most tended to recover in a short period of time. Other adverse reactions included nausea/vomiting, anorexia, general malaise, alopecia, all of which were not severe. Severe hypersensitivity reactions occurred in 2 patients (2.7%). The results seemed to show usefulness of docetaxel for the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer.
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PMID:[Late phase II trial of RP56976 (Docetaxel) in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer]. 782 79

A total of 20 patients with advanced pancreatic adenocarcinoma were enrolled in a phase II trial testing the activity of 5-fluorouracil given at 370 mg/m2 as a rapid i.v. bolus for 5 consecutive days, preceded by a rapid i.v. bolus of 200 mg/m2 5-methyltetrahydrofolic acid. The treatment was repeated every 4 weeks. The median age of the patients was 68 years and their median Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status was 1. There were 7 patients with locally advanced disease and 13 with distant metastases (median, 2 sites). A median of 3 monthly cycles of treatment (range, 1-7) were given, with a corresponding dose intensity of 396 mg/m2 per week (86% of that planned). No complete response, 1 partial response, and 8 cases of disease stabilization were obtained. In general the regimen was well tolerated, with only 2 patients suffering from grade 3 stomatitis or diarrhea; the most common toxicity was nausea, which was experienced by almost 50% of the patients. The combination of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate plus 5-fluorouracil appears as little effective in this disease as 5-fluorouracil plus 5-formyltetrahydrofolate (leucovorin). It is suggested that bolus 5-fluorouracil is so inactive as an "effector agent" against pancreatic cancer that its biochemical modulation with exogenous high-dose reduced folates cannot improve the therapeutic outcome produced by the fluoropyrimidine in these patients.
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PMID:5-Fluorouracil plus 5-methyltetrahydrofolate in advanced pancreatic cancer. GLISP (Gruppo Ligure Studio Pancreas). 782 78

Piroxantrone, a synthetic intercalating agent, was studied in patients with advanced, measurable gastric adenocarcinoma who had not received prior chemotherapy. The starting piroxantrone dose was 150 mg/m2 given intravenously over 1 hour on day 1 and repeated every 21 days. Response and toxicity could be evaluated in 15 patients. No complete, partial, or minor responses were observed. Toxic effects included granulocytopenia, anemia, vomiting, nausea, anorexia, fatigue, stomatitis, alopecia, hyperbilirubinemia, and increased alkaline phosphatase levels. At the stated dose and schedule, piroxantrone does not possess significant activity against advanced gastric cancer.
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PMID:Phase II trial of piroxantrone in metastatic gastric adenocarcinoma. 789 47


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