Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0027121 (myositis)
 4,538 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We report the acute onset of polyarticular inflammatory arthritis in 2 patients receiving the immune check-point inhibitor, pembrolizumab (MK-3475), anti-PD1 drug for metastatic melanoma after 14 and 11 months therapy, respectively. The first patient had severe tenosynovitis, synovitis, bone marrow edema, and myositis, whereas the second patient had predominantly synovitis and tenosynovitis. Good symptomatic control was obtained with bisphosphonates and salazopyrin, avoiding the use of T-cell immunosuppressants. These cases raise important questions on whether anti-PD1 therapy allows preexisting autoimmune T-cell clones to escape tolerance by suppressing regulatory T cells or whether they allow autoimmunity to develop de novo. These conditions heighten our awareness of complications associated with the clinical use of these agents, and provide a prototypical model for future research into the understanding of autoimmunity.
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PMID:Arthritis and tenosynovitis associated with the anti-PD1 antibody pembrolizumab in metastatic melanoma. 2541 86

Immune checkpoint inhibitors have revolutionized cancer therapy. Given their mechanism of action, immune-related adverse events have been associated with their use. We present the first documented case of pembrolizumab-induced grade IV neutropenia. A 73-year-old women known for myositis, Crohn's disease, and hypothyroidism and diagnosed with PD-L1 positive stage IV pulmonary adenocarcinoma is treated with Pembrolizumab. She develops grade IV neutropenia 2 weeks after her second infusion. She is therefore hospitalized and treated initially with corticosteroids, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, and intravenous immunoglobulins. Given the persistent neutropenia, cyclosporine was added, but quickly stopped owing to fever. The patient recovered her neutrophils 6.5 weeks after her initial Pembrolizumab infusion and 12 days after admission. She has been subsequently successfully tapered off steroids with no recurrence after 3 months of follow-up. This is the first case of grade IV neutropenia secondary to Pembrolizumab. This case is of particular interest given the patient's pre-existing autoimmune history. Treatment of severe neutropenia due to other PD1 inhibitors has generally consisted of steroids, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, intravenous immunoglobulins, mycophenolate mofetil, cyclosporine A, and anti-thymocyte globulins - though the benefits of immunosuppression are not clear and may be harmful given the infectious risks. Large studies are required to clarify the spectrum and optimal management of immune-related adverse events and overall risk/benefits of immune checkpoint inhibitors in patients with pre-existing autoimmunity.
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PMID:A case of severe Pembrolizumab-induced neutropenia. 2988 73

Single-agent anti-PD1 antibodies are usually very well tolerated, but serious toxicity can still occur. Despite the PD-1 pathway seems to be relevant in the pathogenesis of immune-related myositis, anti-PD1-related myositis is generally a rare side effect of the treatment and usually not serious. However, its frequency is likely to increase as the use of immune checkpoint blockades. We present here a case of life-threatening polymyositis with associated spontaneous muscular hematoma in a patient treated with single-agent nivolumab in the adjuvant setting. Spontaneous hematoma is an extremely rare complication with unclear etiology of idiopathic myositis. Very few cases have been reported in the literature and their outcome has been often fatal. To our knowledge, this is the first case of autoimmune myositis and spontaneous heamatoma associated with the administration of single-agent checkpoint blockade. Anti-PD1 antibodies have changed the treatment landscape for a number of cancer entities in the past few years. When given as single agent they are usually very well tolerated, but serious rare toxicity can still occur. We present here a case of polymyositis with associated spontaneous muscular hematoma in a patient treated with single agent nivolumab.
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PMID:Life-threatening polymyositis with spontaneous hematoma induced by nivolumab in a patient with previously resected melanoma. 3319 30