Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027121 (myositis)
 4,538 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Bone matrix gelatin, prepared by chemical extraction of soluble noncollagenous proteins, was half digested with a chromatographically purified collagenase. The residue was placed on one side and autologous muscle on the other side of cellulose acetate membranes in diffusion chambers and tissue cultures. In this avascular system, the muscle septa connective tissue proliferated and differentiated into cartilage. Muscle tissue cultured in media conditioned with matrix residues and then transferred into a vascularized muscle pouch differentiated into cartilage and bone. These observations form the basis for a working hypothesis that myositis ossificans is a response of new populations of proliferating intramuscular connective tissue cells to a bone matrix-derived diffusible molecule.
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PMID:Experimental myositis ossificans: cartilage and bone formation in muscle in response to a diffusible bone matrix-derived morphogen. 58 Jul 25

Inflammatory myopathy has been associated with systemic inflammatory processes, endocrinopathies, malignancies and infections. Drug induced myopathies have been implicated with the use of several medications. We report a case of biopsy proven myositis whose symptoms began within 10 days of receiving leuprolide acetate therapy for prostate cancer. Drug withdrawal and brief steroid therapy resulted in clinical remission within two months of diagnosis.
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PMID:Drug induced polymyositis secondary to leuprolide acetate (Lupron) therapy for prostate carcinoma. 195 4

We described a model of orbital myositis that was induced by 12-0-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (TPA) injection into the superior rectus muscle of New Zealand white rabbits. In this study, in vivo 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) was performed with a 4.7 Tesla Oxford (Oxford Instruments, Oxford, England) magnet to monitor the evolution of muscle inflammation in control animals and the response of this model to external beam radiation. 31P MRS showed a dramatic increase in high-energy phosphorus and phospholipid metabolites 48 hr after TPA injection. These spectra were similar to those from implanted allogenic fibroblasts. Within 18-48 hr after a single dose (400 cGy) or sequential doses (3 days at 400 cGy) of orbital irradiation, reduced extraocular muscle swelling and a significant decrease of all 31P metabolites occurred. A decrease (63 +/- 6%) in the signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio of the control inflamed muscle 31P MR spectra increased by 28 days after inflammation. Two days after single-dose radiation, 31P MR metabolites were significantly lower (58 +/- 5%, P less than 0.012) than control spectra. These postradiation spectra mirror the 28-day control spectra and are consistent with previous histologic data that show decreased fibroblastic activity. Change in 31P MRS was a sensitive indicator of treatment response latency.
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PMID:31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) of experimental orbital myositis. 207 53

Six cats (Nos. 1-6) were inoculated intramuscularly with (1 x 10(6)) and orally (5 x 10(5)) tachyzoites of Neospora caninum. Three (Nos. 1-3) of the six cats were given 40 mg/kg methylprednisolone acetate 7 days before and on the day of inoculation with N. caninum tachyzoites, and three cats (Nos. 4-6) were not given methylprednisolone acetate. Two of the cats (cat Nos. 1 and 2) given methylprednisolone acetate died suddenly. Cat No. 1 died 8 days post-inoculation, and cat No. 2 died 16 days post-inoculation. Cat No. 3 was euthanatized 21 days post-inoculation. Cat No. 1 had lesions of gram-positive bacterial septicemia. Necrotizing encephalitis, myelitis, disseminated skeletal muscle necrosis, hepatic necrosis, interstitial pneumonia, and renal tubular necrosis were the main lesions in cat Nos. 2 and 3. The cats that were not given methylprednisolone acetate remained clinically normal except for slight weight loss in cat No. 6. All three of these cats were euthanatized 55 days post-inoculation. Mild myositis and encephalitis were noted on microscopic examination of tissues from these three cats. Neuromuscular lesions were not seen in six control cats (Nos. 7-12) not inoculated with N. caninum and euthanatized 21 or 22 days after administration of the first two doses of methylprednisolone acetate (40 mg/kg), given at a weekly interval.
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PMID:Neosporosis in cats. 223 86

Suppression of host inflammatory response in mice infected with Trichinella pseudospiralis was associated with host plasma corticosterone levels significantly higher than those seen in uninfected mice or in mice infected with T. spiralis. Increases in the population of mitochondria and depletion of lipid droplets in cells of the zona fasciculata were seen in the adrenals of mice infected with T. pseudospiralis. Elevations in enteritis, myositis and myocarditis accompanied 100% mortality in adrenalectomized mice infected with T. pseudospiralis, while lower levels of inflammation and no mortality were observed in sham operated or intact animals infected with this parasite. The severe myositis normally accompanying infection with T. spiralis was suppressed by concurrent infection with 1000 or 2000 T. pseudospiralis to levels equivalent to those seen in animals receiving 0.15 and 0.41 mg cortisone acetate/25 g mouse/day, respectively.
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PMID:A role for elevated plasma corticosterone in modulation of host response during infection with Trichinella pseudospiralis. 337 61

A single injection of TPA (12-0-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate) into the superior rectus muscle of New Zealand white rabbits produced inflammation and edema, followed by fibrosis and muscle restriction. Strain gauge measurements showed a 60% increase in muscle restriction at 24 hours and an increase greater than 400% at 12 weeks. Clinical and histologic characteristics paralleled those of human idiopathic orbital myositis and thyroid orbital myopathy. The combination of initial muscular inflammation and enlargement, subsequent fibrosis and restricted extraocular motility, and histologic evidence of these changes creates a useful model of orbital myositis.
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PMID:Phorbol ester-induced orbital myositis. 363 47

Cosmesis and complication rates were examined in patients with early stage carcinoma of the breast treated by biopsy and radiation therapy with and without adjuvant chemotherapy in an attempt to determine the effect of chemotherapy upon these parameters. Between April 1, 1975 and June 1, 1980, 51 patients were treated with radiation therapy and adjuvant chemotherapy (XRT + ACT) and 83 patients with radiotherapy alone (XRT). Chemotherapy usually consisted of cytoxan, methotrexate and 5-fluorouracil for 6 or 12 cycles. Minimum follow-up was 36 months. Cosmetic results deteriorated with time in both groups but to a greater extent in the XRT + ACT group. At 36 months, excellent cosmetic results were obtained in 73 of the 83 patients (88%) in the XRT group compared to 37 of 51 patients (73%) in the XRT + ACT group (p = less than .05). Comparison of the two treatment groups revealed that complication rates were significantly increased in the XRT + ACT group. Of the 51 patients in the XRT + ACT group, 21 patients (41%) suffered complications compared to 8 (10%) of the 83 patients in the XRT group (p = less than .001). This difference in complication rates resulted primarily from an increased incidence in the XRT + ACT group of wet desquamation in the electron beam portal used to treat the internal mammary lymph nodes and a trend towards a higher incidence of spontaneous nonpathologic rib fractures, myositis and arm edema. An increased incidence of nonbreast primary cancers was not seen. Our preliminary conclusions are that adjuvant chemotherapy has a negative impact upon cosmesis and complication rates in patients being treated with definitive radiotherapy. However, cosmetic results remain satisfactory and complication rates are maintained at an acceptable level. Continued close follow-up will be required before definitive conclusions can be reached as to the overall incidence and severity of the changes noted.
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PMID:Impact of adjuvant chemotherapy on cosmesis and complications in stages I and II carcinoma of the breast treated by biopsy and radiation therapy. 642 99

In 10 of 10 inclusion-body myositis (IBM) patients, including 1 hereditary case, vacuolated muscle fibers contained large or small cytoplasmic inclusions immunoreactive for alpha 1-antichymotrypsin (alpha 1-ACT). All IBM muscle biopsies had characteristic cytoplasmic tubulo-filaments by electron microscopy. None of 17 control muscle biopsies contained the alpha 1-ACT immunoreactive inclusions characteristic of IBM. In vacuolated muscle fibers, alpha 1-ACT immunoreactive inclusions colocalized with beta-amyloid protein and ubiquitin immunoreactivities. Our study provides the first demonstration of alpha 1-ACT accumulations in abnormal human muscle, and it suggest that, as in Alzheimer's disease and Down's syndrome, alpha 1-ACT may be involved in the pathogenesis of IBM.
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PMID:Strong immunoreactivity of alpha 1-antichymotrypsin co-localizes with beta-amyloid protein and ubiquitin in vacuolated muscle fibers of inclusion-body myositis. 838 97

Gallium-67-citrate and 99mTc-diphosphate bone imaging agents are localized in myositis ossificans, a tumor-like benign soft-tissue mass that makes it impossible to differentiate between malignant tumor and the infection/inflammatory process. We present such a myositis ossificans patient whose bone and 67Ga-citrate imagings showed increased uptake in the left thigh and two foci of the right gluteal region leading to inconclusive results. Technetium-99m-MIBI imaging showed the absence of substantial uptake in these regions. ACT scan confirmed myositis ossificans. The lack of 99mTc-MIBI uptake in myositis ossificans means that 99mTc-MIBI imaging may be useful in the differential diagnosis.
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PMID:Myositis ossificans demonstrated by positive gallium-67 and technetium-99m-HMDP bone imaging but negative technetium-99m-MIBI imaging. 1032 77

Systemic Sclerosis (SSc) is a multisystem disease that affects the skin and internal organs (i.e., gastrointestinal tract, lung, heart, kidney and peripheral nervous system). In the early phase, lung involvement is characterized by interstitial inflammatory alterations that are detected by bronchoalveolar lavage analysis and high resolution computed tomography (ground glass). As the disease progresses, fibrotic changes become evident and the diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO) is impaired. Cardiac involvement in SSc can be manifested as myocardial disease, pericardial disease, conduction system disease, or arrhythmias. Cardiac involvement is a poor prognostic factor, but the diagnosis may be late or missing because of the frequent discrepancy between clinical manifestations and the real cardiac involvement. For this reason, resort to all the available diagnostic procedures is recommended to achieve an early diagnosis. The motility disorders are a major feature of gastrointestinal involvement in SSc, striking any part of this system (especially esophagus and anorectal region). Kidney involvement and scleroderma renal crisis are now considered rare because of the introduction of ACE inhibitors. Some patients may develop myositis or erosive arthropathy that complicate enormously the joint retraction induced by skin fibrosis. The peripheral nervous system (PNS) is also targeted by SSc: a distal mononeuropathy of the median nerve is a frequent and early feature; autonomic nerve dysfunction (parasympathetic impairment and marked sympathetic overactivity) seems to be a fundamental etiologic factor linked to the development of microvascular, cardiac and gastrointestinal alterations. The whole approach to the SSc patient is very complex and must consider, at the same time, many organs and systems. Thus, a global vision of SSc patient is needed in order to assure an early diagnosis of specific organ involvement as well as early treatment. Systemic Sclerosis (SSc) is a multisystem disease, that affects the skin, the gastrointestinal tract, the lung, the heart and the kidney. The extent and severity of internal organ involvement are the more important factors influencing the disease outcome and prognosis in SSc. In recent years, it has become evident that early diagnosis and accurate staging of visceral involvement are fundamental for appropriate management and therapeutic approach to the disease. Diagnostic procedures for specific organ and system involvement are now more sensitive because of the continuous technological improvement and, mostly, because they take advantage of the studies carried out in other diseases by other medical branches. This review will consider briefly the most frequent and important organ involvement in SSc.
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PMID:Systemic sclerosis. A clinical overview. 1059 26


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