Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027121 (myositis)
 4,538 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Establishing an early and certain diagnosis of leptospirosis has been a difficult task. So, we analysed the histopathological alterations of the gastrocnemius muscle, and studied, for the first time, the usefulness of the immune histochemical method of peroxidase-antiperoxidase for the demonstration of the spirochete and of its products in this tissue. Histopathological observations have shown a picture of myositis, characterized by interstitial inflammatory infiltrate and necrotic-degenerative abnormalities of muscle fibers. The lesions were considered minimal in 69.45% of the patients, moderate in 19.45%, severe in 5.55% and absent in the remaining. On the other hand, the immune histochemical method identified the etiology in 94.45% what was considered very expressive.
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PMID:[The early diagnosis of leptospirosis by demonstrating antigens via an immunohistochemical exam of the hamstring muscle]. 134 98

Infectivity of Trichinella pseudospiralis in Chinese hamsters was greater than that of Trichinella spiralis. Concurrent infection with these two species of parasite was accompanied by an increase in infectivity of T. spiralis. The infectivity of T. pseudospiralis, but not that of T. spiralis, was significantly influenced by host age. Regardless of host age, T. pseudospiralis was more infective for the Chinese hamster than was T. spiralis. Early during infection, enteritis (myeloperoxidase activity) in hamsters infected with T. pseudospiralis alone was significantly less than that seen in animals infected with T. spiralis alone or with both species concurrently. Myositis in hamsters infected with T. pseudospiralis alone was significantly less on days 14, 17 and 25 post-infection (p.i.) than that observed in concurrently infected or T. spiralis-infected animals. On days 11 and 14 p.i. inflammation in diaphragm muscle from concurrently infected hamsters was significantly less than that seen in animals infected with T. spiralis alone. Muscle histology supported these chemical data on myositis. Suppression of the host inflammatory response against early muscle-stage larvae of T. pseudospiralis underlies the greater infectivity of this parasite for the Chinese hamster.
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PMID:Trichinella pseudospiralis overcomes innate resistance of the Chinese hamster to Trichinella spiralis. 166 77

We studied four cases of proliferative myositis by the avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex technique, using a panel of 12 antibodies, and by electron microscopy. The aim was to clarify the nature of their constituent cells, specifically the giant ganglion-like cells and spindle cells, and to discuss the implications for histogenesis. In all cases, both cell types showed positive cytoplasmic staining with antibodies to vimentin, actin (C4), and alpha-smooth muscle actin-1, but in only one was there positive staining with desmin. No staining was obtained with factor XIIIa, muramidase, alpha-1-antitrypsin, myoglobin, S-100 protein, CAM 5.2, factor VIII-related antigen, or neuron-specific enolase. By electron microscopy, both types of cells were seen to contain numerous thin filaments, dense bodies, coated and pinocytotic vesicles, active and dilated rough endoplasmic reticulum, few microvilli, and incomplete desmosomal junctions. Our findings imply a myofibroblastic nature for the giant ganglion-like cells and spindle cells. Our observations also support the hypothesis that they are derived from a pericytic cell.
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PMID:Proliferative myositis. An immunohistochemical and ultrastructural study. 205 61

Cases of proliferative myositis and fasciitis were studied immunohistochemically and ultrastructurally for further understanding of the nature of ganglion cell-like giant cells. Blood coagulation factor XIIIa, fibronectin, myoglobin, myosin, CPK MM, and alpha-1-antichymotrypsin were detected in three cases of proliferative myositis and two cases of proliferative fasciitis by the avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex method. Factor XIIIa (a fibrin-stabilizing factor) and fibronectin were strongly positive in the giant cells, but not in striated muscle fibers. A small quantity of myosin was demonstrated in the giant cells, but myoglobin and CPK MM were never demonstrated in these cells. No alpha-1-antichymotrypsin was demonstrated in the giant cells. One case of proliferative myositis showed ultrastructural features suggestive of fibroblast rather than muscle cell or histiocytic origin. Strongly positive factor XIIIa in the giant cells is suggestive of the fact that they are active fibroblasts.
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PMID:Proliferative myositis and fasciitis. Report of five cases with an ultrastructural and immunohistochemical study. 287 96

Measurement of myeloperoxidase activity in the muscles of mice infected with Trichinella pseudospiralis, T. spiralis or both helminths allowed quantitation of host inflammatory response to the parasite. Infection of the host with T. pseudospiralis alone was accompanied by less inflammation in host diaphragm muscle than was the case in hosts infected with T. spiralis alone. A dramatic reduction in inflammation around s.c. implanted cotton string was observed in mice infected with T. pseudospiralis alone below that seen in uninfected mice. Concurrent infection of the host with T. spiralis and T. pseudospiralis resulted in a lowering of myositis below that seen in the diaphragm muscles of mice infected with T. spiralis alone.
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PMID:Modulation of host response by Trichinella pseudospiralis. 401 Dec 98

Serum from a 2-year-old male Belgian sheepdog with eosinophilic myositis, which particularly affects the masticatory muscles, was tested for the presence of muscle-specific autoantibodies. Control type 2 temporalis muscle fibers were selectively stained following incubation with the patient's serum and staphylococcal protein A conjugated to horseradish peroxidase (SPA-HRPO). Likewise, type 2 fibers in the patient's temporalis muscle were selectively stained with SPA-HRPO. The same staining procedures applied to limb muscle did not result in fiber staining. Proteins isolated from the temporalis and triceps brachii muscles of a normal dog were separated under denaturing conditions by one-dimensional sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The separated proteins were transferred onto nitrocellulose paper and incubated with either sera from the patient, normal dogs, or neuromuscular disease controls. Subsequent incubation with peroxidase-conjugated goat anti-dog IgG demonstrated antibodies to at least four proteins of the temporalis muscle (myosin heavy chain and three unidentified proteins) when incubated with the patient's serum but not with the controls. Under all conditions, antibodies to the proteins of the triceps brachii were not detected. These findings establish the presence of autoantibodies to specific temporalis muscle proteins that may initiate the myonecrosis and inflammatory response as well as limit the distribution of the response.
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PMID:Fiber type-specific autoantibodies in a dog with eosinophilic myositis. 407 56

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are cytotoxic, causing inflammatory disease, including tissue necrosis, organ failure, atherosclerosis, infertility, birth defects, premature aging, mutations and malignancy. ROS are produced in the metabolism of drugs and industrial chemicals by (i) one-electron peroxidase oxidations to form cation radicals, (ii) cytochrome P450 metabolism to free radical products, (iii) stabilisation of the ROS-generator, CYP2E1, and (iv) futile cycling of other cytochromes P450. ROS production initiates inflammation which unless quenched may result in chronic inflammatory disease states, e.g. hepatitis, nephritis, myositis, scleroderma, lupus erythematosus, multiple system organ failure. Quenching of ROS is affected by the redox buffer, glutathione (GSH), and the antioxidants, ascorbic acid, tocopherols, retinoids, in conjunction with the redox enzymes, GSH reductase, GSH peroxidase, catalase and superoxide dismutase. Many industrial workers with symptoms of systemic inflammation, resulting from exposure to toxic chemicals, are diagnosed as having rheumatoid arthritis, virus infections, or other microbial lesions, largely because many physicians are unaware that exposure to certain chemicals can initiate inflammatory disease states.
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PMID:Chemical toxicity and reactive oxygen species. 911 92

It is not known whether a glutamate signaling system is involved in muscle inflammation (myositis). In the present study, we examined this question in the soleus muscle in a laboratory model of myositis resulting from repetitive overuse induced by electrical stimulation and injection of pro-inflammatory substances. Sections of rabbit soleus muscle with an induced myositis, i.e., exhibiting infiltration of inflammatory cells, were examined immunohistochemically using antibodies against vesicular glutamate transporter VGluT2 and the glutamate receptor NMDAR1. In situ hybridization for demonstration of VGluT2 mRNA was also performed. Specific reactions for both VGluT2 and NMDAR1 could be observed immunohistochemically in the same cells. In situ hybridization demonstrated the occurrence of VGluT2 mRNA in the cells. Double staining showed that the VGluT2 reactions were detectable in cells marked with T cell/neutrophil marker and in cells expressing eosinophil peroxidase. These data suggest the occurrence of previously unknown glutamate-mediated autocrine/paracrine effects within the inflammatory infiltrates during the development of muscle inflammation.
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PMID:VGluT2 and NMDAR1 expression in cells in the inflammatory infiltrates in experimentally induced myositis: evidence of local glutamate signaling suggests autocrine/paracrine effects in an overuse injury model. 2119 52

Although peripheral neuropathy is a common complication of microscopic angiitis, manifestations involving the muscle and the central nervous system have been rarely reported. We describe a 48-year-old man who rapidly developed a clinical picture of mononeuritis multiplex. A month after the appearance of the primary symptoms, he became comatose and had left hemiplegia in relation with a massive cerebral haematoma. Laboratory data revealed signs of inflammation, glomerular dysfunction with microhaematuria, and positive myeloperoxidase-antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies. The neuromuscular biopsy disclosed a small-vessel vasculitis, consisting with microscopic angiitis, associated with myositis and extensive axonal loss. The patient had surgical evacuation of the haematoma and received immunosuppressive therapy with good outcome. Thus, microscopic angiitis should be considered as a differential diagnosis in cases of myositis and intracerebral haemorrhage.
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PMID:Microscopic polyangiitis presenting with peripheral and central neurological manifestations. 2168 67

Mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD) is characterized by a combination of clinical features of systemic lupus erythematosus, systemic sclerosis, and polymyositis with elevated antibodies to U1 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein (U1-RNP). MCTD is often accompanied by interstitial lung disease as pulmonary involvement. On the other hand, microscopic polyangiitis (MPA) is a systemic autoimmune disease characterized by the inflammation of small vessels (arterioles, capillaries, and venules) mainly affecting the lung and kidney. MPA is associated with elevated serum anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA). Complication of MPA in patients with MCTD is rare. So far, only nine case reports of MCTD complicated by MPA with serum myeloperoxidase-specific ANCA (MPO-ANCA) are available. Here, we describe a 64-year-old male suffering from MCTD with MPA. The patient developed interstitial pneumonia with alveolar hemorrhage accompanied by myositis, scleroderma, and elevated anti-U1-RNP antibody and MPO-ANCA levels with substantial systemic inflammation. Strong immunosuppressive therapy (corticosteroid, intravenous immunoglobulin, and cyclosporine A) ameliorated the myositis, interstitial lung disease, and inflammation, with the decrease of MPO-ANCA levels, despite that severe lung complications are often associated with poor outcomes. In conclusion, MCTD may be accompanied by MPA with alveolar hemorrhage. Severe lung complications may indicate a poor outcome, and therefore prompt immunosuppressive treatment should be performed in such patients.
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PMID:Successful Immunosuppressive Treatment of Mixed Connective Tissue Disease Complicated by Microscopic Polyangiitis. 2723 24


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