Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0027121 (myositis)
 4,538 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Diphosphonates, characterized by a P--C--P bond, are relatively new experimental drugs used for the treatment of myositis ossificans, dental calculus, nephrolithiasis and Paget's disease. These compounds are not metabolized and the fraction which is not taken up by the skeleton is excreted unchanged in the urine. In the present study, the renal clearances of two 14C-labelled diphosphonates, disodium ethane-1-hydroxy-1,1-diphosphonate (CEHDP) and disodium dichloromethylene diphosphonate (CC12MDP) have been measured in conscious rats. The clearances have been found to be higher than the glomerular filtration rate (GFR), Cdiphosphonate/GFR being about 1.5. This observation indicates net tubular secretion of both drugs. High plasma concentration of EHDP or Cl2MDP significantly depressed CEHDP, whereas CEHDP was not influenced by varying urine pH, by infusing NH4Cl or NaHCO3, or by simultaneous administration of high doses of para-aminohippurate (PAH), probenecid, N-methylnicotinamide or Ca-EDTA. High plasma concentration of inorganic phosphate depressed CEHDP and also depressed the in vitro ultrafiltrability of EHDP. In conclusion, these results provide evidence of an active renal transport of diphosphonates which appears distinct from the mechanisms handling organic acids, organic bases and EDTA in the rat kidney.
 ...
PMID:Renal secretion of diphosphonates in rats. 24 57

The clinical features of eight patients with myositis ossificans progressiva are described and the effects of treatment with the diphosphonate EHDP, together with surgical removal of ectopic bone, are assessed. Early correct diagnosis remains unusual, mainly because the significance of the short great toes is unrecognised, and because myositis may be mistaken for bruising, sarcoma or mumps. The diphosphonate disodium etidronate (EDHP) was given to all patients in an attempt to suppress calcification of new lesions; in five of them ectopic bone was removed during the treatment. EHDP sometimes delayed the mineralisation of newly formed bone matrix after surgical removal but this delay could not be predicted. The variable effect of EHDP may depend particularly on the amount absorbed and on the activity of new bone formation.
 ...
PMID:Myositis ossificans progressiva. Clinical features of eight patients and their response to treatment. 81 90

Heterotopic bone formation, or myositis ossificans, is common, particularly following trauma, total hip arthroplasty, spinal cord injury, severe head injury, and long-term coma. Although the mechanism is unknown, the pathogenesis is assumed to depend on transformation of mesenchymal cells to bone forming cells in response to a variety of stimuli. The clinical findings, laboratory data, roentgenograms, and radionuclide studies are standard aids in the diagnosis of heterotopic ossification. The treatment usually consists of range-of-motion exercise, nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs, X-ray therapy, disodium etidronate (EHDP), and excisional surgery. Reported here is a rare case of periarticular heterotopic ossification in the shoulder of a 38-year-old woman following head injury and 13 months in a coma. The unusual feature was the development of a pseudoarthrosis within the heterotopic bone. The patient's shoulder became markedly stiff with the development of a heterotopic pseudoarthrosis. Excision of the heterotopic bone and pseudoarthrosis was performed to improve the range of motion. Clinical roentgenographic, radionuclide, and pathologic observations are presented on the formation of a synovial joint within the heterotopic bone.
 ...
PMID:Heterotopic ossification and pseudoarthrosis in the shoulder following encephalitis. A case report and review of the literature. 310 63

Localised foot pain occurred in four patients with Paget's disease of bone or myositis ossificans who were treated with disodium etidronate (EHDP) in a dose of 10 to 20 mg/kg body weight/day for four to six months. There was localised tenderness and sometimes slight swelling at the painful areas. Bone x-rays were normal, but bone scans showed increased uptake of the isotope at these areas. The pain persisted for several weeks, causing considerable difficulty in walking. The symptoms were most likely due to diphosphonate-induced stress fractures. These cases emphasise the importance of administering EHDP in low dosage for short periods only.
 ...
PMID:Diphosphonates and painful feet. 641 74