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Query: UMLS:C0027121 (myositis)
 4,538 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Rhabdomyolysis can appear secondarily in the course of many different diseases, but also primarily as "idiopathic paroxysmal rhabdomyolysis" (i.p.r.), simulating clinically an acute myositis. Different factors can trigger this muscle reaction, the most important of them being physical stress, alcoholism, drug dependence, general anesthetics. In many of these cases biopsy investigations do disclose, out of rhabdomyolysis, a preexistent myopathy, usually dysmetabolic in origin, and often with familial incidence (lipid myopathies; carnitine palmityl-transferase deficiency; mitochondrial myopathies; glycogenoses; hypokaliaemia--but also central core diseases, tubular aggregates myopathy a.s.o.). Exact morphological and biochemical investigations are therefore needed in every case of i.p.r., with the purpose to identify the underlying myopathy in the patients and their relatives. Repeated controls of CPK values should be performed. Bearers of such subclinical myopathies have in fact to be considered patient at-risk if exposed to stress or if submitted to general anesthesia.
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PMID:[Idiopathic paroxysmal rhabdomyolysis and clinically latent myopathy]. 664 96

Problems encountered during halothane anesthesia in 3 horses included increasing rectal temperature, muscle rigidity or movement during anesthesia, irregular breathing patterns, and difficulty in stabilizing blood pressure. One horse had prolonged muscle fasciculations and failure to relax after administration of succinylcholine in addition to halothane. That horse developed severe, bilateral myositis of the triceps, lumbar, and gluteal muscles. Problems encountered were similar to those caused by the disease known as malignant hyperthermia.
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PMID:Malignant hyperthermia-like reactions in three anesthetized horses. 687 29

A surgical technique for resection of a portion of the trachea followed by end-to-end anastomosis was developed on 4 clinically normal horses. The trachea healed without complications in 3 of the horses in which 3 tracheal cartilages were removed. Five tracheal cartilages were removed from the 4th horse. It had to be euthanatized because of excessive suture line tension and wound disruption, which occurred during recovery from anesthesia. Suture line tension was measured on 3 other clinically normal horses positioned in dorsal recumbency immediately after euthanasia after 3 and 5 tracheal cartilages had been removed and before and after flexion of the neck to 90 degrees. Suture line tension was reduced by approximately 50% when the neck was flexed. Similarly, the force required to appose the cut ends of the trachea was nearly doubled when 5 rather than 3 tracheal cartilages were removed. The surgical technique was performed on 1 horse and 1 pony with partial obstruction of the trachea. In the pony, 5 tracheal cartilages were resected. It was able to return to successful show competition. In the horse, 4 tracheal cartilages were removed. This horse died of complications resulting from bilateral hindlimb myositis, but the tracheal anastomosis was intact, sealed, and healing well.
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PMID:Tracheal reconstruction by resection and end-to-end anastomosis in the horse. 701 42

Intracompartmental muscle pressures were recorded from the right and left forelimbs (extensor carpi radialis, triceps brachii) of healthy horses maintained in left lateral recumbency while under deep halothane anesthesia for 180 to 240 minutes. Cardiac output, blood pressure, blood gases, and acid-base status were monitored throughout the anesthesia, and electrolyte levels (Ca2+, P+, K+, Cl-, Na+) and enzyme activities (aspartate aminotransferase (AST), creatine phosphokinase (CPK), and blood lactate) were monitored for 7 days. Postanesthetic forelimb lameness was produced in 5 of the 6 horses with this prolonged anesthetic regime. This lameness was associated with muscle plaque formation and clinical signs which were similar to the forelimb lameness sometimes seen in horses after surgical anesthesia. Plasma protein, serum calcium, plasma sodium, and blood urea nitrogen concentrations did not change, whereas significantly increased hematocrit, plasma potassium, and serum inorganic phosphate values were seen at the end of anesthesia, along with a decrease in plasma chloride values. Blood lactate, serum AST, and serum CPK activities were significantly high in the postanesthetic period, although the sequence of the changes differed. Intracompartmental muscle pressures were higher in the left forelimb adjacent to the floor (contact limb), and in the instance of the triceps of the contact limb, the pressures were sufficiently high (greater than 30 mm of Hg) that they may have compromised capillary blood flow. However, these high intracompartmental muscle pressures did not persist when positional changes of the horses were introduced at the end of the anesthetic period. There was no correlation between the severity of postanesthetic lameness and any of the measured values. The results demonstrate an experimentally induced postanesthetic lameness which was primarily related to the development of a myositis. Although the causative factors of this myositis may be multiple, the present study implicates local hypoxia in that increased blood lactate and inorganic phosphate values preceded that increased CPK activity. Intracompartmental muscle pressure in the contact limb were possibly high enough to have restricted local capillary blood flow.
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PMID:Equine postanesthetic forelimb lameness: intracompartmental muscle pressure changes and biochemical patterns. 721 25

An eight-year-old Highland pony which had previously shown normal laryngeal function, underwent general anaesthesia for surgical treatment of a mandibular sinus. During its recovery from the anaesthesia, the pony suffered great respiratory distress and stridor, due to total bilateral laryngeal paralysis and pulmonary oedema. The animal was immediately given a temporary tracheostomy. Some hours later, postoperative myositis developed; it resolved within two days and the pony's laryngeal function returned to normal during the following year.
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PMID:Temporary bilateral laryngeal paralysis in a horse associated with general anaesthesia and post anaesthetic myositis. 844 33

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effects of tiletamine-zolazepam (TZ) administered alone or in combination with atropine, xylazine, and levomepromazine to quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica). The induction time, duration of hypnosis and anesthesia, and time to recovery were determined. The presence or absence of tremor, upper respiratory tract secretions, and excitability and the degree of muscular tone were also observed. The results showed that doses from 10 to 100 mg/kg TZ administered alone or in combination with xylazine or levomepromazine failed to produce anesthesia; only hypnosis was obtained in a dose-dependent manner. Immediately after injection of the drug, histopathologic examination of the site of drug injection indicated the presence of discrete acute focal myositis. After 21 days, a discrete fibrosis between muscle fibers was detected in the pectoral muscle as a sign of scarring. We conclude that the administration of TZ to a dose of 100 mg/kg does not produce anesthesia in quail. For noninvasive and minimally painful procedures requiring chemical restraint and recumbency, the recommended dose is 30 mg/kg.
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PMID:Evaluation of Tiletamine-Zolazepam as an Anesthetic in Quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica). 1208 57

This article describes a rare neurological complication of anaesthesia in a 2 year-old Clydesdale colt undergoing castration. Anaesthesia was induced with glyceryl guaiacol ether and ketamine and maintained with halothane. Following an uneventful anaesthetic of 40 minutes, the horse recovered from anaesthesia in a padded recovery stall. After approximately 70 minutes in the recovery stall, the horse attempted to stand and adopted a dog sitting position. One hundred and fifty minutes later, the horse became distressed and was sedated with xylazine. Clinical examination of the horse did not reveal any evidence of myositis or fractures. A neurological examination revealed an intact anal reflex, deep pain response in the hind legs, tail tone and voluntary movement of the hind legs was possible. The horse deteriorated neurologically over the next 24 hours and was euthanased on humane grounds. The horse was submitted for necropsy. Gross pathology was unremarkable except for a small amount of haemorrhage around the right kidney. Histopathology revealed no abnormalities in any muscle groups or peripheral nerves. Congestion and axonal swelling of the spinal cord was evident from T16 to S1. Ischaemic neurons were evident from L 1 to L 6. The most prominent lesions were at L4 and L5. A diagnosis of myelomalacia was made. This is a rare complication of anaesthesia in horses with 9 case studies appearing in the literature since 1979. This is the 1st case to be reported in South Africa. The speculated pathophysiology and risk factors for this complication are discussed.
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PMID:Post-anaesthetic myelomalacia in a horse. 1590 Aug 99

There is no clear consensus concerning the best endoscopic treatment of benign refractory esophageal strictures due to caustic ingestion. Different procedures are currently used: frequent multiple dilations, retrievable self-expanding stent, nasogastric intubation and surgery. We describe a new technique to fix a suspended esophageal silicone prosthesis to the neck in benign esophageal strictures; this permits us to avoid the frequent risk of migration of the expandable metallic or plastic stents. Under general anesthesia a rigid esophagoscope was placed in the patient's hypopharynx. Using transillumination from the optical device, the patient's neck was pierced with a needle. A n.0 monofilament surgical wire was pushed into the needle, grasped by a standard foreign body forceps through the esophagoscope and pulled out of the mouth (as in percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy procedure). After tying the proximal end of the silicone prosthesis with the wire, it was placed through the strictures under endoscopic view. This procedure was successfully utilized in four patients suffering from benign refractory esophageal strictures due to caustic ingestion. The prosthesis and its suspension from the neck were well-tolerated until removal (mean duration 4 months). A postoperative transitory myositis was diagnosed in only one patient. One of the most frequent complications of esophageal prostheses in refractory esophageal strictures due to caustic ingestion is distal migration. Different solutions were proposed. For example the suspension of a wire coming from the nose and then fixed behind the ear. This solution is not considered optimal because of patient complaints and moreover the aesthetic aspect is compromised. The procedure we utilized in four patients utilized the setting of a silicone tube hanging from the neck in a way similar to that of endoscopic pharyngostomy. This solution is a valid alternative both for quality of life and for functional results.
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PMID:A new endoscopic technique for suspension of esophageal prosthesis for refractory caustic esophageal strictures. 1843 Jan 9

Endocrine ophthalmopathy is the most common cause of acute onset diplopia in middle aged or older individuals. Ocular muscle involvement is characterized by myositis followed by fibrosis: this causes a stiffness and a shortening of the muscles involved with restriction of ocular movements: so the impairment of rotation is due to a mechanical obstacle and not to a paresis. Prisms are rarely useful in relieving diplopia and the majority of symptomatic patients need squint surgery. Timing of surgery is very important and two considerations are to be kept in mind: first, the systemic disease must be in remission and the ocular deviation must be stable for at least six months; second, if more than one surgical procedure is needed for the ophthalmopathy, muscle surgery has its right place after orbital surgery and before lid surgery. Obviously dealing with restrictive disorders, surgery is based on weakening procedures of the affected muscles: identifying the affected muscles is of crucial importance and may be sometime difficult for the presence of misleading signs; great advances have been made in surgical technique with the development of adjustable sutures and of topical anesthesia. Prognosis is usually good with more than 80% of patients recovering a useful field of binocular single vision with one procedure and more than 90% with two or more procedures.
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PMID:Squint surgery in TED -- hints and fints, or why Graves' patients are difficult patients. 1983 83

In this report, we present a case of myositis ossificans traumatica (MOT) of the medial pterygoid muscle that had developed after mandibular block anesthesia administered for endodontic treatment of the lower right second molar, demonstrating typical features of this condition. MOT should be considered as a differential diagnosis when there is severe limitation of jaw opening and an associated trauma. Panoramic radiographs and axial and coronal computed tomography (CT) scans can effectively delineate the calcified mass. Other imaging studies that may be helpful include magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), bone scans, and ultrasound. As shown in our case, calcified masses were found in the right mandibular angle, which severely limited jaw opening. Some earlier reported cases of MOT were treated by extraoral surgical approaches with complete removal of the evolving muscle. The aim of this case report is to present only the diagnostic imaging aspects of myositis ossificans traumatica.
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PMID:Myositis ossificans traumatica of the medial pterygoid muscle: a case report. 2088 44


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