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Query: UMLS:C0027121 (myositis)
 4,538 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The anesthesia routine in the horse is briefly explained. 35 postanesthetic complications resulted from the total of 4364 cases of anesthesia. They are evaluated by means of the duration of anesthesia, the time of paresis, the exemplary courses of enzymes as well as the distribution of race and sex and their ratio towards all cases of anesthesia. Finally a list of demands concerning the operative and postoperative phases is compiled to minimize postoperative myositis (PAM) and lameness (PAL).
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PMID:[Postanesthetic complications in the horse. Evaluation of anesthesia in the last 28 years (1962-1989)]. 175 19

Bone scanning to help diagnose orthopedic disease has been used in human patients for over two decades. The value of this diagnostic tool has been well established in helping to identify a variety of musculoskeletal conditions. It has only recently been used by veterinarians for more accurate characterization of equine musculoskeletal disease. The technique offers the major advantage of increased sensitivity over standard radiographic imaging. The case material illustrated here shows that except for consistent identification of bone cysts, most of the pathologic changes to the horse's musculoskeletal system that might cause lameness are detected on bone scans. Many acute bone diseases can be diagnosed by scintigraphy that cannot be discerned by radiographs until the condition has become chronic: Because of their body size, these conditions may not be diagnosed at all in horses. Scintigraphy in horses offers the other major advantage of affording accurate imaging of the upper limbs, pelvis, and vertebral column without general anesthesia. Therefore, it has a final advantage of increased safety over conventional radiography because it eliminates the need to perform general anesthesia to study these areas. In the author's experience, if abnormal uptake of isotope in the upper limbs, pelvis or spine is not observed, general anesthesia to radiograph those areas is not warranted. A second major benefit of scintigraphic imaging is to differentiate mixed lameness conditions in which the component of bone disease must be separated from that of soft tissues to arrive at a rational course of treatment or prognosis. Finally, for athletic horses suspected of having lameness due to localized myositis, scintigraphy not only allows confirmation of muscle inflammation but also identifies the muscle bellies injured reasonably accurately so that specific local treatment may be given. Nuclear imaging of equine skeletal disease is an option that should be employed more frequently by equine practitioners for diagnosis of difficult lameness cases. The technique is safe and comparatively inexpensive when one considers the total expense of multiple examinations or radiographic surveys of patients without conclusively diagnosing the source or sources of skeletal pain. This is particularly true when a horse owner becomes dissatisfied and enlists the services of one or more other veterinarians. The equine specialist will maintain better client rapport if he or she suggests referral of the horse to a veterinary medical teaching center or private clinic where scintigraphic imaging can be done rather than having the client become frustrated and seek another opinion elsewhere.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:The role of scintigraphy in the lameness evaluation. 193 61

Eighty patients with soft tissue calcification were treated: 24 suffered from myositis ossificans traumatica, 23 from calcific bursitis (Duplay's disease), six from osteoarthropathy of elbow joint after severe craniocerebral trauma, nine from calcification around the elbow joint after local trauma, 13 from calcification around the hip joint, and five from calcification in ligaments and tendons. Using a new method of treatment about 75% of patients were cured. Calcifications disappeared or diminished substantially. Very good functional improvement followed in affected joints. The treatment involved local application of MgSO4 under local anaesthesia into calcified areas for 2-20 weeks, together with peroral administration of Mg lactate for 4-6 months. There were no complications or side effects of this treatment.
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PMID:Soft tissue calcification treated with local and oral magnesium therapy. 213 25

Although the initial trauma was minimal in this unusual case of bilateral congenital radioulnar synostosis and anterior radial head dislocation associated with myositis ossificans, a progressive decrease in elbow ROM ensued. Manipulation under general anesthesia was performed to improve flexion and extension of the involved elbow. This manipulation most likely initiated or enhanced the process of myositis ossificans in the elbow. Final treatment consisted of reassurance and active ROM exercises, with resolution of symptoms.
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PMID:Imaging rounds #103. Myositis ossificans in association with congenital radioulnar synostosis and congenital anterior radial head dislocation. 221 44

A method for the evaluation of total plasma antihydroxyl and antiperferryl activity is described. This method was applied to horse plasma obtained during halothane anaesthesia. In horses suffering from postanaesthetic myositis, a significant decrease in the antiperferryl activity was observed during anaesthesia particularly when the muscular compression produced by the weight of the horse was released. In the affected muscles, strong oxidants could therefore be generated during the reperfusion of the ischaemic muscles and might initiate membrane lipid peroxidation. This phenomenon could possibly explain the muscular damage observed in equine postanaesthetic myositis.
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PMID:Equine postanaesthetic myositis: a possible role for free radical generation and membrane lipoperoxidation. 230 Jul 14

Biopsy specimens of the cutaneous omobrachialis muscle were obtained from 10 horses with a problem of myositis from mild exercise. One horse had been evaluated previously and malignant hyperthermia-like contractures developed in its muscle biopsy specimen during the contracture test. In this study, the halothane-caffeine contracture test and histologic and histochemical evaluations were performed on muscle biopsy specimens. In the contracture test, no muscle biopsy specimen developed contracture in the presence of 2 or 4% halothane alone. The mean (+/- SEM) caffeine-specific concentration in the presence of halothane was 5.23 +/- 0.5 mM for 2% halothane, and 4.46 +/- 0.6 mM for 4% halothane. The caffeine-specific concentration values were not significantly different. Contracture response for any muscle specimen did not resemble contracture associated with malignant hyperthermia. The cutaneous omobrachialis muscle was composed of type-II fibers, with type-I fibers seldom seen. For 9 of the 10 horses, overall fiber morphology was normal; 1 horse had necrotic fibers. Of the 10 muscle specimens, 9 had fibers that had positive reaction for alkaline phosphatase activity; 3 muscle specimens contained ringed myofibers. Three horses of this study were administered general anesthesia; 2 were research horses, anesthetized with halothane and succinylcholine, and 1 was a clinical case given halothane anesthesia plus a non-depolarizing muscle relaxant. One research horse developed a malignant hyperthermia-like reaction to anesthesia, with severe rhabdomyolysis evident after anesthesia, and an episode of muscle cramping in its stall 2 days after anesthesia. The other 2 horses had unremarkable postanesthetic periods.
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PMID:Contracture test and histologic and histochemical analyses of muscle biopsy specimens from horses with exertional rhabdomyolysis. 232 77

Wick catheters were used to measure intracompartmental pressures of the extensor carpi radialis muscles and long heads of the triceps brachii muscles of 7 horses maintained under halothane anesthesia during controlled ventilation. Horses were positioned in left lateral recumbency on a water bed for 4 hours. Using a crossover design, 6 of the 7 horses were subjected to normotensive and hypotensive anesthesia on separate occasions. Hypotension was achieved by increasing the inspired halothane concentration. Hematologic and biochemical measurements were determined at designated intervals before, during, and for 7 days after each anesthetic episode. Under hypotensive conditions, 2 horses developed severe generalized myositis and were euthanatized. Three of the 5 other horses developed swelling of the downside masseter muscle, 4 demonstrated mild extensor deficits of the downside forelimb, and 1 had a severe extensor deficit of the uppermost hind limb. As a group, the hypotensive horses had markedly increased activities of serum enzymes (creatine kinase, aspartate transaminase, and blood lactate) and abnormalities in calcium-phosphorus homeostasis. Lameness or enzyme alterations were not observed in normotensive horses. Although the intracompartmental pressure values were markedly increased in the muscle bellies of the compressed limbs of all horses, there was a statistically significant difference in intracompartmental pressures between the downside or compressed muscle compartments of the extensor carpi radialis of hypotensive and normotensive horses. High concentrations of halothane may predispose anesthetized horses to postanesthetic myositis, even when protective padding is used. Intracompartmental muscle pressure, as measured by the wick catheter, may not be a reliable predictor of equine postanesthetic lameness.
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PMID:Induction of equine postanesthetic myositis after halothane-induced hypotension. 293 29

Arachidonic acid cyclooxygenase metabolites, thromboxane B2 (TXB2), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 (6-keto-PGF1) were measured in horses where anaesthesia was maintained with halothane. Two horses suffering from postanaesthetic myositis were compared with four normal horses. TXB2 and PGE2 levels were higher in mixed venous blood drawn from the myopathic horses. An increase of TXB2 and PGE2 levels appeared when myopathic horses were rolled into dorsal recumbency after a prolonged period of lateral recumbency. One hour after the end of anaesthesia, TXB2 had continued to increase whereas PGE2 decreased. By measurements on blood samples drawn from the brachial vein, we have shown that the rising level of TXB2 in mixed venous blood is mainly due to the increase of TXB2 in blood draining the dependent leg. The origin of the rise in PGE2 is not demonstrated in this study. 6-keto-PGF1 did not change during anaesthesia. An explanation of this imbalance between TXB2 and 6-keto-PGF1 production is considered.
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PMID:Equine postanaesthetic myositis: thromboxanes, prostacyclin and prostaglandin E2 production. 318 88

A syndrome similar to malignant hyperthermia developed in a 545-kg Quarter Horse while anesthetized with halothane for cataract removal. Succinylcholine administration caused prolonged, severe muscle fasciculations followed by tachycardia, and an elevated blood pressure. Later, while the horse was still under anesthesia, its body temperature rose 2 degrees C, and respiratory acidosis developed. Myositis developed after surgery, but the horse recovered.
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PMID:Unusual response following use of succinylcholine in a horse anesthetized with halothane. 405 81

Rectal abscess may result in necrotizing soft-tissue infection including fasciitis, myositis, and extraperitoneal dissection of pus without muscle necrosis. The presentation and therapy of ten patients treated over the past six years are reviewed. Early recognition of rapidly spreading infection was imperative. The mortality rate of 40 per cent correlated with the degree of sepsis present at admission. The high mortality attendant with the complications of rectal abscess emphasizes the need for aggressive therapy, including frequent examinations under anesthesia, wide debridement, systemic triple antibiotic therapy, diverting colostomy, aggressive wound care, and hyperalimentation.
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PMID:Necrotizing soft-tissue infection from rectal abscess. 640 68


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