Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027121 (myositis)
 4,538 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

There has been considerable progress in treating malignant melanoma over the last few years. The immune-checkpoint-inhibitors nivolumab and pembrolizumab have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration in 2014 for the therapy of metastatic melanoma. Anti-programmed cell death-1-blocking antibodies are known to cause immune-related adverse events. Physicians should be aware of common and rare side effects and pay attention to new ones. We therefore report a severe and life-threatening side effect of anti-programmed cell death-1 immunotherapy with nivolumab that has not been previously reported: the development of a third-degree atrioventricular block. After a second infusion with nivolumab, our patient developed a troponin I-positive and autoantibody-positive myositis and a few days later a new-onset third-degree atrioventricular block. This is most likely because of an autoimmune-induced myositis with a cardiac impairment in terms of a myocarditis, which led to an impairment of the conduction of cardiac electrical stimuli.
Melanoma Res 2017 04
PMID:New-onset third-degree atrioventricular block because of autoimmune-induced myositis under treatment with anti-programmed cell death-1 (nivolumab) for metastatic melanoma. 2797 96

Melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 (MDA5) is a recently described autoantigen target in a subset of patients with dermatomyositis. Anti-MDA5 dermatomyositis is characterized by a unique mucocutaneous and systemic phenotype that includes cutaneous and oral ulceration, painful palmar papules, alopecia, panniculitis, arthritis, a lower incidence of myositis, and, importantly, an elevated risk of interstitial lung disease with a potentially fatal course. Because the clinical features can differ substantially from those typically observed in cutaneous dermatomyositis, the diagnosis is often overlooked, which might negatively affect patient outcomes. This review aims to familiarize the clinician with the distinctive clinical features of anti-MDA5 dermatomyositis in order to enhance its recognition and to facilitate an appropriate screening and management strategy.
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PMID:Anti-melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 (MDA5) dermatomyositis: A concise review with an emphasis on distinctive clinical features. 2922 75

Targeting immune cells instead of cancer cells is a new and successful therapeutic approach in patients with a variety of advanced cancers. Blocking antibodies bind to specific immune-checkpoint molecules namely cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4, programmed cell death protein-1, and programmed cell death-ligand 1. However, their mechanism of action can lead to immune-related adverse events. In particular, neurological immune-related adverse events present, currently, a problem, as they are rare, difficult to diagnose, and are often high grade or even fatal. Here, we describe four cases with metastatic melanoma who developed symptoms of acute progressive weakness 3-9 weeks after therapy onset with immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) nivolumab and ipilimumab. Neurological examination and diagnostic procedures revealed results partly consistent with neurological disorders such as neuropathy, myositis, and myasthenia. This suggests an overlap of these known diseases indicating a new ICI-induced neuropathy-myositis-myasthenia-like syndrome. Here, we give recommendations for a structured and focused diagnostic assessment in patients presenting with neurological deficits during ICI therapy. This might improve the understanding, management, and ultimately the outcome of ICI-induced neurological adverse events.
Melanoma Res 2019 08
PMID:Acute progressive neuropathy-myositis-myasthenia-like syndrome associated with immune-checkpoint inhibitor therapy in patients with metastatic melanoma. 3085 29

Single-agent anti-PD1 antibodies are usually very well tolerated, but serious toxicity can still occur. Despite the PD-1 pathway seems to be relevant in the pathogenesis of immune-related myositis, anti-PD1-related myositis is generally a rare side effect of the treatment and usually not serious. However, its frequency is likely to increase as the use of immune checkpoint blockades. We present here a case of life-threatening polymyositis with associated spontaneous muscular hematoma in a patient treated with single-agent nivolumab in the adjuvant setting. Spontaneous hematoma is an extremely rare complication with unclear etiology of idiopathic myositis. Very few cases have been reported in the literature and their outcome has been often fatal. To our knowledge, this is the first case of autoimmune myositis and spontaneous heamatoma associated with the administration of single-agent checkpoint blockade. Anti-PD1 antibodies have changed the treatment landscape for a number of cancer entities in the past few years. When given as single agent they are usually very well tolerated, but serious rare toxicity can still occur. We present here a case of polymyositis with associated spontaneous muscular hematoma in a patient treated with single agent nivolumab.
Melanoma Res 2020 Nov 13
PMID:Life-threatening polymyositis with spontaneous hematoma induced by nivolumab in a patient with previously resected melanoma. 3319 30