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Query: UMLS:C0027121 (myositis)
 4,538 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A case of isolated unilateral extraocular muscle myositis following an acute upper respiratory tract infection is reported. Painful eye movements, restricted eye motility and exophthalmus but a normal visual acuity are the most important clinical findings. High resolution contrast enhanced CT and MRI are the imaging modalities of choice to differentiate from other orbital pathologies. The solitary enlarged muscle was clearly seen on both the contrast enhanced CT and the MR examination. Preseptal cellulitis was better seen on MRI, whereas high resolution CT was superior in the demonstration of periscleritis. Graves' ophthalmopathy and orbital cellulitis first have to be excluded. Corticosteroids are the therapy of choice in orbital myositis. A control, contrast enhanced CT after 4 weeks showed an almost normal muscle.
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PMID:Orbital myositis following an upper respiratory tract infection: contribution of high resolution CT and MRI. 202 8

The histories of two patients with restrictive ophthalmopathy are reported in whom the initial diagnosis was delayed primarily due to the relatively acute onset. This form of onset of dysthyroid orbital myositis is unique in our experience and demonstrates the importance of realizing that the restrictive ocular motility disorder of Graves' ophthalmopathy may occur abruptly. By such recognition, one may proceed with the appropriate laboratory investigation and spare the patient invasive procedures.
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PMID:Atypical presentation of restrictive orbital myositis. 689 18

Idiopathic orbital myositis, a subgroup of inflammatory orbital pseudotumor, occurred in six patients with acute onset periorbital pain, diplopia, and in most cases, eyelid swelling. Proptosis, ductional restrictions, and responsiveness to oral prednisone administration were characteristic. Computed tomography and orbital ultrasonography showed enlargement of one or more extraocular muscles, with sparing of other orbital soft tissues. One patient had involvement of all recti muscles in both orbits. The distinction of orbital myositis from Graves' ophthalmopathy is made on clinical grounds, with acute orbital pain and corticosteroid responsiveness being uncharacteristic of the latter. The possibility of orbital myositis being an immune-mediated process is discussed.
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PMID:Idiopathic orbital myositis: report of six cases. 689 37

Four patients with infiltrative orbital disease involving an extraocular muscle demonstrated a characteristic retraction-motility pattern. The cardinal feature was retraction of the globe on attempted gaze opposite the field of action of the involved muscle. Variable eye movement limitation was present in the field of action and opposite to the field of action of the involved muscle. When motility was restricted, the force-duction test was positive. Modest proptosis and episcleal vascular congestion over the extraocular muscle insertion were associted physical findings. Dysthyroid eye disease, inflammatory myositis, and neoplasms are among the infiltrative myopathies that may produce an acquired orbital retraction symdrome.
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PMID:Acquired orbital retraction syndrome. 742 6

Idiopathic orbital myositis is a subtype of nonspecific orbital inflammation primarily involving the extraocular muscles. It occurs most frequently in young to middle-aged adults with a 2 to 1 female predominance. The cardinal clinical feature is orbital pain exacerbated by eye movement. Other common findings include diplopia, proptosis (which is generally minimal), conjunctival injection and chemosis, and periorbital edema. Thyroid eye disease is commonly confused with orbital myositis, but the latter is characterized by a more acute onset, more severe pain, and a rapid response to systemic corticosteroid therapy. Echography and CT scanning reveal enlarged muscle bellies and thickened tendons, with low internal reflectivity echographically. Although the cause of orbital myositis is unknown, an immune-mediated pathophysiologic mechanism is likely. This review summarizes recent findings regarding the epidemiology, diagnosis, pathophysiology, and treatment of idiopathic orbital myositis.
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PMID:Idiopathic orbital myositis. 937 79

Thyroid eye disease is the most common cause of unilateral and bilateral proptosis in adults. It occurs most frequently in women aged 30 to 50 years. Clinical features include eyelid retraction, periorbital edema, conjunctival injection and chemosis, proptosis, extraocular muscle restriction, exposure keratopathy, and optic nerve compromise. Thyroid eye disease differs from idiopathic orbital myositis in that the latter is characterized by a more acute onset, more severe pain, and a rapid response to systemic corticosteroid therapy. Echography and computed tomography in thyroid eye disease reveal enlarged extraocular muscle bellies with relative sparing of the tendons. Despite evidence of an immune-mediated cause, the precise pathophysiologic mechanisms of thyroid eye disease remain unknown.
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PMID:Thyroid eye disease. 1075 12

Endocrine ophthalmopathy is the most common cause of acute onset diplopia in middle aged or older individuals. Ocular muscle involvement is characterized by myositis followed by fibrosis: this causes a stiffness and a shortening of the muscles involved with restriction of ocular movements: so the impairment of rotation is due to a mechanical obstacle and not to a paresis. Prisms are rarely useful in relieving diplopia and the majority of symptomatic patients need squint surgery. Timing of surgery is very important and two considerations are to be kept in mind: first, the systemic disease must be in remission and the ocular deviation must be stable for at least six months; second, if more than one surgical procedure is needed for the ophthalmopathy, muscle surgery has its right place after orbital surgery and before lid surgery. Obviously dealing with restrictive disorders, surgery is based on weakening procedures of the affected muscles: identifying the affected muscles is of crucial importance and may be sometime difficult for the presence of misleading signs; great advances have been made in surgical technique with the development of adjustable sutures and of topical anesthesia. Prognosis is usually good with more than 80% of patients recovering a useful field of binocular single vision with one procedure and more than 90% with two or more procedures.
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PMID:Squint surgery in TED -- hints and fints, or why Graves' patients are difficult patients. 1983 83

Two cases of extraocular myositis in dogs are reported in a golden retriever and an Australian shepherd. This condition is characterized by sudden bilateral exophthalmos, the absence of pain and third eyelid protrusion, orbital sonography showing the enlargement of extraocular muscles, and a quick response to systemic steroids at an anti-inflammatory dose. The literature review reports a breed predisposition in the golden retriever, mainly in females. Histopathologic evaluations confirm the inflammation of one or several extraocular muscles. Chronic disease was also described. Canine extraocular myositis shows some resemblance to Graves ophthalmopathy but can better be compared to idiopathic orbital myositis. Both disorders are probably the consequence of an immune dysfunction that still has to be discovered.
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PMID:[Extraocular myositis and comparative pathology: two case reports in the dog]. 2165 91

Here we describe the rare case of a 55-year-old man with medial rectus muscle myositis as an atypical presentation of non-Hodgkin B-cell mucosa-associated lymphoma (MALT). Pathology and immunohistochemistry of the affected muscle confirmed the diagnosis of a neoplasm. The primary etiology of orbital myositis is Graves' ophthalmopathy, but several other diseases may cause this clinical presentation. Therefore, the neoplastic causes must be eliminated from the differential diagnoses. non-Hodgkin B-cell mucosa-associated lymphoma is the most common histological type of lymphoma in the orbit, with the conjunctiva and lacrimal glands being the most commonly affected sites. However, it may also present in atypical forms involving others sites and tissues.
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PMID:Medial rectus muscle myositis as an atypical presentation of mucosa-associated lymphatic tissue lymphoma: a case report. 2507 78