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Query: UMLS:C0027121 (myositis)
 4,538 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The middle ear muscles of several species of carnivores (cat, dog, fox, ferret and stone-marten) and some New World monkeys (Callithrix, Saimiri) and Old World monkeys (Cercopithecus, Macaca) were examined. The fibre type compositions of these muscles were determined by a combination of the standard histochemical myofibrillar ATPase method, and immunohistochemical techniques using myosintype-specific antisera. Immunohistochemically slow-tonic fibres were found in the stapedius muscles of only two carnivores, the ferret and stone-marten. In all the carnivores and the New World monkeys, tensor tympani muscle contained IIM, slow-tonic and slow-twitch fibres, but in the Old World monkeys it resembled stapedius muscle, and contained only Type I (slow-twitch) and IIA fibres. Thus, because all the species examined had IIM fibres in the jaw-closer muscles, this means that the common embryological origin of tensor tympani muscle and the jaw-closers does not necessarily result in tensor tympani muscle containing this fibre type even though IIM fibres occur only in first branchial arch muscles. This fact, together with other species differences in the fibre type composition of these muscles, shows that there is no typical composition of middle ear muscles in general, and suggests that the differences are related to very different functional requirements.
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PMID:An immunohistochemical study of the middle ear muscles of some carnivores and primates, with special reference to the IIM and slow-tonic fibre types. 641 24

Using recently developed highly specific antisera to the full range of known adult mammalian skeletal muscle myosins, an immunohistochemical and histochemical examination was made of the middle ear muscle tensor tympani in the dog and cat. Approximately half the fibres were of the IIM type and there was a substantial population of apparently slow-tonic fibres, both these types being rare in mammals. In addition, some type I but no IIA nor IIB fibres were detected. Moreover, as no multiple end-plate innervation, thought to be typical of slow-tonic fibres, could be demonstrated in this muscle by acetylcholinesterase staining or by Ruffini gold impregnation, it is suggested that in tensor tympani the slow-tonic fibres are focally innervated. The very short length of the fibres, only 1-2 mm, is probably sufficient to permit adequate depolarization of a whole fibre by a single centrally situated end-plate. The functional implications of this combination of very rare fibre types in tensor tympani are unclear at present.
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PMID:The tensor tympani muscle of cat and dog contains IIM and slow-tonic fibres: an unusual combination of fibre types. 675 98

Acute mastoiditis is the most common complication of acute otitis media (AOM) and its early recognition and management still poses a challenge due to potentially serious consequences. The incidences of extracranial and intracranial suppurative complications of AOM in children have decreased significantly, yet they remain a serious clinical problem, especially when caused by bacteria resistant to antibiotics. The authors presented a case of rare AOM complication - zygomatic abscess with temporal myositis. A 6-year-old boy was admitted to the ENT Department with 4 weeks of ear pain, treated for AOM with cefuroxime axetyl and amoxicilline, with acute mastoiditis and subsequent abscess formation in zygomatic and preauricular region. The inflammatory process spread through anterior air cells to the zygomatic cells leading to a fistula formation in the zygomatic bone and breakthrough into the temporal muscle. The surgical procedures applied were: myringotomy with drainage, cortical mastoidectomy and revision of zygomatic area and treatment with antibiotics (ceftriaxon). Enterococcus faecalis and Streptococcus viridans were found in the culture of middle ear and mastoid effusion. After half a year of follow-up the child had a normal hearing. Severe complications of AOM are rare today. An early diagnosis in order to promote adequate management and prevent inherently suppurative complications is essential.
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PMID:Zygomatic abscess with temporal myositis - a rare extracranial complication of acute otitis media. 1576 97