Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0027121 (myositis)
 4,538 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Antibodies to Mi, an antigen in calf thymus extract, have been demonstrated by complement fixation inhibition in polymyositis (PM) and dermatomyositis (DM) sera but not in the sera of individuals without myositis. The original Mi reference serum defined 2 precipitating antibodies, using immunodiffusion (ID). Anti-Mi-1 was not active in complement fixation. We have now studied in further detail anti-Mi-2, which appears to be the antibody in Mi serum that fixes complement. Mi-2 antigen was purified by immuno-affinity chromatography. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to measure Mi-2 antibody, using this antigen, was used to test the sera of 139 myositis patients: 52 had DM and 87 had PM. Control sera from 35 normal subjects and 93 patients with other connective tissue diseases were also tested. Only 13 sera were considered definitely positive for anti-Mi-2. All were from patients who had myositis, 11 of whom had DM. Only DM sera had anti-Mi-2 by ID, and all sera with anti-Mi-2 by ID were positive by ELISA. A number of other sera, including many from patients with other connective tissue diseases and 2 from normal subjects (all without precipitating antibodies) had lower elevations which were of uncertain significance. Detection of anti-Mi-2 by ID as well as by ELISA was significantly more frequent in DM than in PM. Anti-Mi-2 appears to be closely linked to DM, and is the first specific serologic marker for this form of myositis.
 ...
PMID:The association between Mi-2 antibodies and dermatomyositis. 240 85

Nailfold capillary microscopy was performed in 19 patients with polymyositis (PM) and 16 with dermatomyositis (DM). Enlarged capillary loops were seen more frequently in patients with DM (56%) than in those with PM (21%). Avascular lesions occurred in both PM and DM, but were more prevalent and more severe in patients with DM. Raynaud's phenomenon, arthritis, and pulmonary involvement were associated with greater numbers of enlarged capillary loops and more severe avascular lesions. The severity of the observed microvascular abnormalities did not correlate with the occurrence of malignancy or active myositis, but appeared to lessen with prolonged disease remission.
 ...
PMID:Nailfold capillary microscopy in polymyositis and dermatomyositis. 244 95

Intracellular staining for calcium was studied in muscle biopsies from 15 dogs by the alizarin red S (ARS) stain. Rare positive fibres were present in normal muscle and in denervation atrophy. The percentage of positive fibres was slightly increased in polymyositis, dermatomyositis and canine temporal/masseter myositis and markedly increased in progressive muscular dystrophy. Calcium-positive fibres were usually so-called large-dark (hypercontracted) fibres or necrotic fibres, although there was occasional staining of normal and atrophied fibres. These results indicate the probable involvement of calcium in muscle injury in canine inflammatory myopathies and in canine muscular dystrophy. In addition, use of the ARS stain appears to be useful for detecting the earliest lesions of acute muscle fibre injury.
 ...
PMID:Intracellular calcium in canine muscle biopsies. 247 Jul 89

Autoantibodies that bind aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases are strongly associated with the human inflammatory myopathies polymyositis and dermatomyositis, but their molecular origins and relationship to pathogenesis are not known. To address these issues, we wished to identify the autoantigenic epitopes which react with these autoantibodies and to this end, we previously isolated a full length cDNA clone encoding the target Ag recognized most frequently by myositis sera, histidyl-tRNA synthetase (HRS). In the present study, we have analyzed the HRS autoepitopes by two amino acid insertion linker mutagenesis of HRS proteins expressed in Cos 1 cells. A series of mutant HRS cDNA were constructed and the expressed proteins were tested for enzyme activity and for immune reactivity with a panel of sera with anti-Jo-1 antibodies. Immunoblotting and immunoprecipitation analyses revealed that anti-Jo-1 antibodies recognize multiple conformation-dependent and independent epitopes on HRS and that the autoepitopes vary among different myositis patients.
 ...
PMID:Epitope mapping of the cloned human autoantigen, histidyl-tRNA synthetase. Analysis of the myositis-associated anti-Jo-1 autoimmune response. 247 3

A case of myasthenia gravis accompanied with polymyositis and malignant thymoma, detected immune complexes in the sera and around the muscle fibers, was described. A 37-year-old woman was admitted to Shinshu University Hospital in September, 1987 because of dyspnea, dysphagia and muscle weakness. She first noticed her right blepharoptosis 3 weeks before admission. Weakness of all four limbs and myalgia of lower extremities were noticed one week later. These symptoms got worse and nocturnal dyspnea, dysphagia and easy fatigability at mastication appeared. On admission, she looked ill and neurological examination revealed left blepharoptosis, bilateral facial weakness, weakness of all four limbs, more prominent in proximal muscles and tenderness of lower extremities. Edrophonium test was positive, improving her muscle weakness. Laboratory examination revealed the elevated serum levels of CK, the increased titre of circulating immune complexes and high titres of acetylcholine receptor antibodies and anti-skeletal muscle antibodies. Electromyographic study showed myogenic pattern and Harvey-Masland test revealed waning at low frequency stimulation. Muscle biopsy showed marked perivascular infiltration of lymphocytes, accompanied by phagocytosis and interstitial fibrosis. IgG deposits were shown around the muscle fibers exclusively around the infiltrates of mononuclear cells. Granular deposits of C3 were also shown specifically around the muscle fibers exclusively around the infiltrates of mononuclear cells. Thymectomy was performed on September 21, 1987. Invasion of thymoma, predominantly lymphocytic type, to right lung and pericardium was observed histologically. After thymectomy, she got better. Immunological data and immunohistochemical examination of the present case suggest that in the case of myasthenia gravis accompanied with polymyositis and malignant thymoma, immune complexes may play a primary role on the pathogenesis of myositis.
 ...
PMID:[Detection of immune complexes in the sera and around the muscle fibers in a case of myasthenia gravis and polymyositis]. 253 18

A 55-year-old Japanese male who developed acute polymyositis and chorioretinitis due to toxoplasmosis is described. The patients was well until one month prior to the present admission, when he had an onset of painful swelling of lymphnodes in the posterior cervical region, proximal muscle weakness, myalgia and a partial defect in the visual field of the right eye. He admitted that he had had a chance to eat half-cooked mutton while he had visited Saudi Arabia 40 days before. He was unable to go up and down the stairs at the peak of the illness. Serum CPK was 2050 u/l (N = 5-50) on January 11, 1989. These symptoms improved spontaneously except for the visual field defect. He was admitted to our hospital on January 31, 1989. On admission, neurological examination was unremarkable except for retinal exudate in the right eye which appeared consistent with the clinical diagnosis of toxoplasma chorioretinitis. Serum CPK was 103 u/l, and EMG showed myogenic changes. The IgM-immunofluorescent (IFA) anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibody titer was elevated to 640, and IgG-immunofluorescent antibody to 20480 after IgM-IFA. These clinical and serological findings indicate acute and recent Toxoplasma gondii infection. It appeared likely that Toxoplasma gondii directly caused acute myositis and chorioretinitis. Clinical manifestations of toxoplasma myositis may mimic those of idiopathic polymyositis, however, the clinical course of the former is usually self-limited probably because of generation of antibodies which will inhibit the growth of the organism.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:[Acute acquired toxoplasmosis presenting as polymyositis and chorioretinitis in a Japanese male]. 260 34

This article reviews the clinical features and emphasises the treatment of polymyositis and dermatomyositis. Pharmacological intervention with corticosteroids and immunosuppressive agents is discussed. In addition, strategies regarding the initiation and subsequent tapering of these drugs are provided, and an algorithmic approach to the management of myositis is provided. Therapeutic modalities for patients with refractory disease are considered, and the potential adverse effects of such treatment are discussed. Since patients with myositis often have disease-related complaints other than muscle weakness, a practical treatment approach for these problems is also outlined.
 ...
PMID:Current management of polymyositis and dermatomyositis. 265 93

Idiopathic inflammatory myopathy, a category encompassing polymyositis, dermatomyositis, and a number of other disorders, is very uncommon, but has been the focus of intense study in the Arthritis and Rheumatism Branch of the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases for the past several years. We describe the clinical picture, stressing the need for biopsy to ensure correct diagnosis. It is especially important to recognize the treatment-resistant variant, inclusion body myositis. The extraskeletal manifestations, particularly the cardiopulmonary, oropharyngeal, gastrointestinal, and endocrine involvement, are described. The cardiopulmonary involvement, especially interstitial lung disease, arrhythmias, and cardiac failure, may dominate the clinical picture. The known causes are varied, and include drugs, toxins, and some infectious agents, however, in most cases a cause cannot yet be identified. Circumstantial evidence suggests that picornaviruses may initiate some cases in humans, and a very similar disease in mice caused by a picornavirus is actively under study. Studies of autoantibodies and cellular immune function support a central role for disordered immunity in the pathogenesis. The myositis-specific autoantibodies, especially those directed at certain enzymes important in protein synthesis (the aminoacyl-transfer RNA synthetases), are found in a clinically distinct subset of patients. Although most patients respond initially to corticosteroids, cytotoxic drugs are sometimes added when steroid toxicity or refractoriness develops. We describe several newer therapies under study for such cases and outline future directions in research.
 ...
PMID:Current concepts in the idiopathic inflammatory myopathies: polymyositis, dermatomyositis, and related disorders. 266 48

Adult onset Still's disease is a disorder characterized by spiking fevers, rash, arthritis, serositis and myalgia. Erosive arthritis is a well recognized feature, however, myositis is not. We describe a patient with adult onset Still's disease, polymyositis (PM) and rhabdomyolysis successfully treated with methotrexate (MTX) and corticosteroids. This occurrence has previously been reported, however without the presence of rhabdomyolysis or treatment with MTX. Suppression of disease activity was followed by marked radiographic improvement of the arthritis. MTX and corticosteroids in combination may be indicated for the treatment of adult onset Still's disease when PM and erosive arthritis occur.
 ...
PMID:Coexistence of adult onset Still's disease and polymyositis with rhabdomyolysis successfully treated with methotrexate and corticosteroids. 266 59

Antinuclear and anticytoplasmic antibodies were detected, using 4 methods, in 96% of the sera (23/24) from 24 dermato- or polymyositis patients, who were followed in the Rheumatology Department. Immunofluorescent (IF) labeling of Hep-2 cell smears was more sensitive than IF staining of liver sections (72 vs 67%), and the patterns observed were in agreement 20/24 times. Gelose precipitation is even less sensitive (29%), but enables a characterization of the antigens recognized: 3 anti-RNP, 3 anti-J01, 1 anti-PMScl, 1 anti-SSB and 1 anti-Ro; the latter two specificities were associated with a sicca syndrome. Western-blotting was the most informative method because it was highly sensitive (79%) and identified the principle antigen-antibody systems: anti-U1-RNP (33%) and anti-Scl70 (33%), both associated with myositis with an overlap syndrome (p less than 0.02); anti-J01 (25%) associated with various forms of myositis; and, more rarely, anti-SSB and anti-Ro (both 4%) when a sicca syndrome was present. Finally, non-identified specificities were observed in 37% of the cases.
 ...
PMID:[Antinuclear and anticytoplasmic antibodies in 24 cases of dermatomyositis. Value of western blotting]. 269 98


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>