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Query: UMLS:C0027121 (myositis)
 4,538 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Tumors are rare causes of knee symptoms in children but must be considered in the differential diagnosis of pediatric knee pain in order to avoid errors in treatment that could result in loss of limb or even life. Experience with 199 bone and soft-tissue tumors about the knee in children are reviewed. The majority of lesions were benign bone tumors (n = 101), with osteocartilaginous exostoses, nonossifying fibromas, and chondroblastomas predominating. Malignant bone tumors (n = 59) were less frequent, and osteosarcoma (n = 48) was by far the most common sarcoma. Soft-tissue lesions (n = 31) were much less frequent and included rhabdomyosarcoma, synovial sarcoma, fibrosarcoma, and desmoid tumors. A careful history, physical examination, and review of roentgenograms are essential to avoid errors in diagnosis. Malignant tumors require roentgenograms and laboratory studies in sequence to stage the patient. A properly performed biopsy established the diagnosis in most instances. Popliteal cysts, stress fractures, infection, myositis ossificans, histiocytosis, and other lesions can mimic tumors and delay correct diagnosis.
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PMID:Tumors about the knee in children. 218 35

Radiology in a patient with non-traumatic myositis ossificans produced standard images suggestive of juxta-cortical osteosarcoma, the peripheral form of a chondrosarcoma or a synovial sarcoma. Ultrasound failed to provide a conclusive diagnosis, and a scan was the only means of suggesting the benign nature of the lesion by demonstrating integrity of bony cortex and characteristic disposition of calcifications.
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PMID:[Non-traumatic myositis ossificans. Ultrasonic and x-ray computed tomographic aspects. Apropos of a case]. 390 Mar 74

We discuss a patient with an occult, densely calcified synovial sarcoma of the hip who came to clinical attention because of pulmonary metastases. When synovial sarcomas present with dense and conglomerate calcification, they may be confused with benign processes such as myositis ossificans or tumoral calcinosis. Malignancies such as extraskeletal osteogenic sarcoma, extraskeletal chondrosarcoma, and mesenchymal chondrosarcoma must also be considered in the differential diagnosis.
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PMID:Case report 878: Densely calcifying synovial sarcoma of the hip metastatic to the lungs. 788 82

Massive periarticular calcinosis of the soft tissues is a unique but not rare radiographic finding. On the contrary, tumoral calcinosis is a rare familial disease. Unfortunately, the term tumoral calcinosis has been liberally and imprecisely used to describe any massive collection of periarticular calcification, although this term actually refers to a hereditary condition associated with massive periarticular calcification. The inconsistent use of this term has created confusion throughout the literature. More important, if the radiologist is unfamiliar with tumoral calcinosis or disease processes that mimic this condition, then diagnosis could be impeded, treatment could be delayed, and undue alarm could be raised, possibly leading to unwarranted surgical procedures. The soft-tissue lesions of tumoral calcinosis are typically lobulated, well-demarcated calcifications that are most often distributed along the extensor surfaces of large joints. There are many conditions with similar appearances, including the calcinosis of chronic renal failure, calcinosis universalis, calcinosis circumscripta, calcific tendonitis, synovial osteochondromatosis, synovial sarcoma, osteosarcoma, myositis ossificans, tophaceous gout, and calcific myonecrosis. The radiologist plays a critical role in avoiding unnecessary invasive procedures and in guiding the selection of appropriate tests that can result in a conclusive diagnosis of tumoral calcinosis.
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PMID:Tumoral calcinosis: pearls, polemics, and alternative possibilities. 1670 60

Surface lesions of bone usually present little diagnostic dilemma because the majority are conventional osteochondromas. Other surface bone lesions include periosteal chondroma, periosteal chondrosarcoma, and parosteal osteosarcoma. Mineralized soft tissue lesions such as myositis ossificans, synovial chondroma, and synovial sarcoma may present in a similar fashion when they occur in a juxtaarticular position. The soft tissue osteochondroma or paraarticular osteochondroma may simulate some of these more aggressive tumors, and its recognition is important to avoid overtreatment. A case of an 11-year-old male with a soft tissue osteochondroma is reported to illustrate the characteristic radiographic and histological features of this rare entity. No prior reports have examined soft tissue osteochondroma for expression of parathyroid hormone related protein, an established cartilage tumor proliferative mitogen.
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PMID:Soft tissue osteochondroma: case report and immunohistochemistry for parathyroid hormone-related protein. 1684 64

Extraskeletal osteochondroma in the nape of the neck is rare and its pathological diagnosis is based on radiological and histopathological examination. It is vital that such a diagnosis be considered when a discrete, ossified mass is localised in soft tissues, even at atypical sites. Differential diagnoses include myositis ossificans, a lipomatous lesion, a pseudomalignant osseous tumour, an ossifying fibromyxoid tumour, an extraskeletal chondroma with endochondral ossification, synovial (osteo) chondromatosis, tumoural calcinosis, a synovial sarcoma, and an extraskeletal osteosarcoma. Clinical awareness of this benign entity is important as no malignant transformation or metastasis has been reported. Marginal excision with histopathological identification is the treatment of choice.
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PMID:Extraskeletal osteochondroma in the nape of the neck: a case report. 1691 87

This article discusses the role of MR imaging in the evaluation of musculoskeletal soft tissue masses, reviewing limitations in its ability to establish tissue diagnosis and its critical role in determining lesion extent. It also reviews benign soft tissue masses, such as fibrous lesions, popliteal cysts, lipomatous lesions, and neurofibromatous tumors. Reactive entities, such as abscess, myositis ossificans, and hemangioma, are discussed. Differentiation between high- and low-flow vascular and lymphatic anomalies is reviewed. The article concludes with a discussion of the uncommon malignant musculoskeletal soft tissue tumors, focusing on infantile fibrosarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, synovial sarcoma, and granulocytic sarcoma.
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PMID:MR imaging of soft tissue masses in children. 1952 98

Imaging and histology are two complementary morphological techniques which play a fundamental role in the diagnosis and management of soft tissue sarcomas. Imaging allows to identify some pseudosarcomatous benign lesions such as myositis ossificans, intramuscular hemangioma, angiomyolipoma, intramuscular lipoma, giant cell tumour of tendon sheath, desmoid tumour and elastofibroma. There is no formal criterion for diagnosing a sarcoma on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) but malignancy is strongly suspected with the presence of necrosis and vascular, bone or joint invasion. Imaging may also suggest some histological types of sarcoma such as well-differentiated liposarcoma, dedifferentiated liposarcoma, synovial sarcoma or extraskeletal osteosarcoma. Imaging is also extremely helpful in determining the appropriate kind of sampling to carry out and in guiding the performance of a microbiopsy. The appearance observed on imaging should always be taken into consideration for the interpretation of the microbiopsy by the pathologist.
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PMID:Histology and imaging of soft tissue sarcomas. 1983 58

Extraskeletal osteochondroma near the hip is rare and its pathological diagnosis is based on radiological and histopathological examination. It is vital that such a diagnosis be considered when a discrete, ossified mass is localized in soft tissues, even at atypical sites. Differential diagnoses include myositis ossificans, a lipomatous lesion, a pseudomalignant osseous tumour, an ossifying fibromyxoid tumour, an extraskeletal chondroma with endochondral ossification, synovial (osteo) chondromatosis, tumoural calcinosis, a synovial sarcoma and an extraskeletal osteosarcoma. Clinical awareness of this benign entity is important as no malignant transformation or metastasis has been reported. Marginal excision with histopathological identification is the treatment of choice.
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PMID:Extraskeletal osteochondroma near the hip: a pediatric case. 2080 44

Chemotherapeutic induction of radiation recall (RR) is a rare event in which a chemotherapeutic agent given days to years after radiation therapy causes an inflammation reaction of the tissues within the irradiated area-"recalling" increased radiation effects to that area. In this unique case, a 14-year-old girl with a synovial sarcoma of the forearm was treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Gemcitabine was administered in an adjuvant setting inducing a RR reaction. The severity of the inflammation resulted in a forearm myositis secondarily causing a compartment syndrome that was treated with several prolonged courses of corticosteroids. The symptoms of RR and compartment syndrome have resolved 1 year postonset, although magnetic resonance imaging continues to show myositis and soft-tissue edema. This case highlights the need to maintain a heightened awareness to recognizing the signs and symptoms of RR and the potential severity of RR in pediatric cancer patients in conjunction with chemotherapeutic agents used more frequently in adults.
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PMID:A child with gemcitabine-induced severe radiation recall myositis resulting in a compartment syndrome. 2327 80


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