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Query: UMLS:C0027121 (myositis)
 4,538 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Localized areas of active myositis ossificans, occurring without a clear history of antecedent trauma, have been referred to as a "pseudo-malignant osseous tumor of soft tissue." This lesion may be mistaken both roentgenographically and pathologically for a malignancy. The roentgenographic signs which favor a diagnosis of non-neoplastic heterotopic bone formation include a lucent zone between the lesion and the adjacent bone, an intact underlying cortex, diaphyseal location, dense calcification in the periphery, and loss of volume on serial films.
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PMID:Myositis ossificans circumscripta: a benign lesion with a malignant differential diagnosis. 17 81

Focal myositis, a benign inflammatory pseudotumor, is a relatively newly defined clinicopathologic entity which arises as a rapidly enlarging swelling within an isolated skeletal muscle. It occurs most often in the lower extremity, and we are reporting what we believe to be the first cases of perioral involvement. There is no apparent age or sex preference. Focal myositis must be differentiated from neoplasm, nodular pseudosarcomatous fascilitis, proliferative myositis, myositis ossificans, polymyositis, and, in the oral region, salivary gland lesions and hypertrophic branchial myopathy. No lesions have recurred.
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PMID:Focal myositis of the perioral musculature. 29 60

Focal myositis, a new distinct clinicopathologic entity, is a benign inflammatory pseudotumor of skeletal muscle. Based on a study of 16 cases, the disease which affects both children and adults typically evolves over a period of several weeks as a localized painful swelling within the soft tissue of an extremity. At surgery the lesion is frequently considered a neoplasm, appearing pale in color and poorly demarcated from the surrounding muscle. Histologically there is lymphocytic infiltration of the perimysial and endomysial spaces, scattered muscle fiber necrosis and regeneration, and interstitial fibrosis. The etiology is unknown, but a history of trauma or family background of a similar disease was specifically excluded. Although polymyositis may be suspected initially because of muscle pain and inflammation, the process remains confined to a single area and signs of systemic disease are not encountered. Follow-up information obtained 2--6 years after surgery indicates no recurrence of the lesion in any of 16 cases.
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PMID:Focal myositis. 88 May 59

Recent views concerning the physiopathological aspects of restrictions on opening of the mouth attributable to extra-articular inflammation are examined. Stress is laid on the importance of psychological factors related to joint function and various organs and apparatuses that interferere with such function by reflex action via the brain. Instances of extra-articular inflammation limiting opening of the mouth are listed, with particular reference to primary and secondary myositis and myositis ossificans. Inflammation may also supervene in osteodysplasia, granuloxanthomatous hyperdysplasia of the maxillary bones, while opening of the mouth may be restricted by fibrosis of the muscles used in mastication due to protracted immobilisation, as in ankylosis of the T.M.A. Lastly, the way in which inflammation accompanying diseases of the salivary glands, dysembryoplasia, and jaw and mouth cavity neoplasia may prevent proper opening of the mouth is explained.
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PMID:[Restrictions on opening of the mouth caused by extra-articular inflammation]. 107 May 69

Pathological examinations of 28 wild-caught Mastomys natalensis from Sierra Leone, 14 of which were positive for Lassa virus by tissue culture, are reported. The high frequency of neoplastic and degenerative diseases observed among older animals in closed colonies of M. natalensis were not observed in the wild animals studied. This is probably a reflection of the age distribution of the study population, since the life expectancy of wild Mastomys is less than a year. Inflammatory lesions were nonetheless identified, some of which were similar to those described in laboratory colonies. Frequent lesions were myocarditis (54%), myositis (32%), interstitial pneumonitis (50%), intercapillary glomerulosclerosis (36%), and acute nephrosis (14%). Follicular and nodular lymphoid hyperplasia were evident in the spleen (74%) and Peyer's patches (64%). Lymphoid cell accumulations were prominent in the salivary glands (36%), periportal hepatic region (25%), lungs (32%), perivascular regions (36%), and kidney (21%). Cytomegalic inclusion body sialoadenitis was common (25%). Coccidiosis was evident in the intestinal tract (25%), kidney (25%), and muscle (21%). One neoplasm, a parahepatic haemangioma, was observed histologically.Mean body weights and lengths for virus-positive animals (33 g and 9.2 cm) and virus-negative animals (54 g and 12.2 cm) showed that virus-positive animals were smaller in weight and shorter in length. Since the age of the animals could not be determined, these differences remain unexplained.In comparison with virus-negative animals, virus-positive Mastomys had higher frequencies of splenic follicular hyperplasia (82% against 50%), myocarditis (79% against 29%), perivascular lymphoid cell accumulation (57% against 7%), myositis (50% against 14%), and cytomegalic inclusion body sialoadenitis (36% against 14%). The frequency of lymphoid hyperplasia of Peyer's patches was high in both groups of animals (71% and 57%).The presence of Lassa virus, small size, myocarditis, and lymphoid perivasculitis appeared to be interrelated, but larger and better controlled studies are required to elucidate the relationship.
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PMID:Lassa virus infection in Mastomys natalensis in Sierra Leone. Gross and microscopic findings in infected and uninfected animals. 108 21

The histogenesis of pseudotumors of dense connective tissue has been studied. These lesions may be classified as mucoid (synovial cyst and periungueal myxoma), collagenous (desmoid tumor, desmoid fibroblastoma and fibromatosis colli), elastic (elastofibroma dorsi), cellular (fibroblastic: fibromatosis, fasciitis and myositis; histiocytic: giant-cell tumor of tendon sheath, fibrous histiocytoma and atypical fibroxanthoma), metaplastic (ossifying fasciitis, ossifying myositis and juvenile chondroid fibroma) and hamartomatous nature (fibrous hamartoma). It must be emphasized that these lesions show a variable and polymorphouse cellular composition and then can simulate sarcoma.
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PMID:[Pseudo-tumoral lesions of dense conjuntival tissue. Attempt at pathogenic interpretation]. 123 71

One hundred and thirteen cases in the files of the Netherlands Committee on Bone Tumors were diagnosed as heterotopic soft tissue ossification. Myositis ossificans was diagnosed in 62, ossifying hematoma in 21, and pseudomalignant osseous tumor of soft tissues in 30 cases. Antecedent trauma was present in 37%, 46% and 7%, respectively. Myositis ossificans arose in the large muscle groups of the thighs and upper arms; when closely related to the shaft of a bone, periosteal reactions were more outspoken. Pseudomalignant osseous tumor of soft tissues was located in the hands, feet, and pelvis, some cases were not in muscle groups and some were almost periosteal. Ossifying hematoma was located in the upper and lower legs and usually in close relation to bone. The three entities belong to the same kind of reactive mesenchymal proliferative process. The radiologic and histologic patterns are reflections of whether the lesions are closely localized to bone shafts or in soft tissues, e.g. in muscles and therefore the term "reactive mesenchymal proliferation" is preferred to myositis ossificans, pseudomalignant osseous tumor of soft tissues and ossifying hematoma. Diagnostic problems are encountered in early phases when cellularity, mitotic activity, and infiltrative spread suggest malignancy. Recognition of these reactions in early phases is important to avoid mutilating surgery.
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PMID:Reactive mesenchymal proliferation. 145 31

Myositis ossificans is a relatively rare, well-defined entity. The 23 cases sent for consultation to two of us (L.V.A. and A.N.) were reviewed. Clinical, radiologic, and microscopic information was reexamined, and special attention was given to features infrequently seen in typical myositis ossificans. Average age at presentation was 23 years, but 1 patient was younger than 2 years, and 2 were younger than 10 years. Due to the uncommon location of 15 lesions and an unusual presentation in 5, the correct diagnosis was not obvious in these cases. A history of trauma was elicited in 8 patients, denied by 7, and was not queried in the remainder. Radiologic studies raised the possibility of a malignant bone-forming tumor in at least three instances; myositis ossificans was originally diagnosed in 6 cases radiologically. In 8 cases, histologic evidence suggested malignancy, including osteosarcoma, either parosteal or extraosseous, in 6. Other diagnoses included epithelioid sarcoma and callus formation. Presentation of these variations from the norm highlights the importance of recognizing the evolution of a nonneoplastic fibro-osseous and cartilaginous entity in which conservative treatment is curative.
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PMID:Myositis ossificans with atypical clinical, radiographic, or pathologic findings: a review of 23 cases. 156 15

Osteomas of soft tissue are rare tumors. All previously reported cases occurred in the head, usually in the posterior tongue. We present two patients with soft-tissue osteomas in the thigh. Both masses were densely ossified and consisted of mature trabecular bone on computed tomography and magnetic resonance examination. Increased uptake of bone-seeking radiopharmaceutical was found on scintigraphy. Histologically, mature lamellar bone was seen with small amounts of cartilage seen in the periphery. Symptoms of mass effect which resolved following surgery were noted. We believe that this previously unrecognized soft-tissue appendicular neoplasm lies at the end of a spectrum of post-traumatic ossifying lesions which includes soft-tissue chondromas and osteochondromas, as well as myositis ossificans.
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PMID:Osteoma of soft parts. 160 44

The authors assessed a panel of immunohistochemical stains against 109 pediatric solid tumors, primarily rhabdomyosarcomas, under the auspices of the Intergroup Rhabdomyosarcoma Study. Fresh tumor tissue received from participating organizations was divided into portions that were either frozen or fixed in formalin, alcohol, or B5. Immunostaining was performed by the avidin-biotin complex method using monoclonal antibodies to desmin, neurofilaments, vimentin, cytokeratin, and leukocyte common antigen on cryostat sections. Tissue was also embedded in paraffin and stained with antimuscle-specific actin (MSA) and polyclonal antibodies to desmin, creatine kinase M subunit (CKM), myoglobin, and neuron-specific enolase (NSE). Antidesmin staining of cryostat sections was the most sensitive indicator of rhabdomyosarcoma (58 of 62 specimens positive). Results with this reagent in alcohol-fixed and formalin-fixed tissue were similar (46 of 56 positive versus 43 of 56 positive, respectively) and comparable with results with anti-MSA in formalin-fixed tissue (43 of 55 positive). However, the proportion of cells stained by antidesmin was higher in alcohol-fixed tissue than in formalin-fixed tissue. Staining with antimyoglobin and anti-CKM was much less satisfactory, with positivity rates of 17 of 37 and 11 of 57, respectively, in formalin-fixed rhabdomyosarcomas. Immunostaining of muscle markers revealed evidence of myogenesis in six undifferentiated sarcomas and in two sarcomas with inadequate histologic study on hematoxylin-eosin-stained sections. However, positivity was also noticed in samples of fibromatosis, Wilms' tumor, ectomesenchyoma, peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumor, renal rhabdoid tumor, myositis ossificans, malignant fibrous histiocytoma, and embryonal sarcoma of the liver. The authors conclude that combined use of antidesmin and anti-MSA enhances the diagnosis of childhood sarcomas, especially when employed with other techniques such as electron microscopic study.
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PMID:Immunohistochemical study of childhood rhabdomyosarcomas and related neoplasms. Results of an Intergroup Rhabdomyosarcoma study project. 171 May 39


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