Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027121 (myositis)
 4,538 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Bone scanning to help diagnose orthopedic disease has been used in human patients for over two decades. The value of this diagnostic tool has been well established in helping to identify a variety of musculoskeletal conditions. It has only recently been used by veterinarians for more accurate characterization of equine musculoskeletal disease. The technique offers the major advantage of increased sensitivity over standard radiographic imaging. The case material illustrated here shows that except for consistent identification of bone cysts, most of the pathologic changes to the horse's musculoskeletal system that might cause lameness are detected on bone scans. Many acute bone diseases can be diagnosed by scintigraphy that cannot be discerned by radiographs until the condition has become chronic: Because of their body size, these conditions may not be diagnosed at all in horses. Scintigraphy in horses offers the other major advantage of affording accurate imaging of the upper limbs, pelvis, and vertebral column without general anesthesia. Therefore, it has a final advantage of increased safety over conventional radiography because it eliminates the need to perform general anesthesia to study these areas. In the author's experience, if abnormal uptake of isotope in the upper limbs, pelvis or spine is not observed, general anesthesia to radiograph those areas is not warranted. A second major benefit of scintigraphic imaging is to differentiate mixed lameness conditions in which the component of bone disease must be separated from that of soft tissues to arrive at a rational course of treatment or prognosis. Finally, for athletic horses suspected of having lameness due to localized myositis, scintigraphy not only allows confirmation of muscle inflammation but also identifies the muscle bellies injured reasonably accurately so that specific local treatment may be given. Nuclear imaging of equine skeletal disease is an option that should be employed more frequently by equine practitioners for diagnosis of difficult lameness cases. The technique is safe and comparatively inexpensive when one considers the total expense of multiple examinations or radiographic surveys of patients without conclusively diagnosing the source or sources of skeletal pain. This is particularly true when a horse owner becomes dissatisfied and enlists the services of one or more other veterinarians. The equine specialist will maintain better client rapport if he or she suggests referral of the horse to a veterinary medical teaching center or private clinic where scintigraphic imaging can be done rather than having the client become frustrated and seek another opinion elsewhere.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:The role of scintigraphy in the lameness evaluation. 193 61

While uncommon, many musculoskeletal disorders may be seen in association with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). Infections such as osteomyelitis, bacterial myositis and septic arthritis, neoplasms such as non-Hodgkin lymphoma and Kaposi sarcoma, and myopathies and polymyositis have been reported in this patient population. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging frequently detect unanticipated musculoskeletal disease in a patient with AIDS, and may further help to distinguish infections from neoplastic disorders.
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PMID:CT/MRI of musculoskeletal complications of AIDS. 854 41

Musculoskeletal complaints are common in patients with HIV and appear to increase in frequency with disease progression. Various forms of musculoskeletal manifestations are discussed, including arthritis, myositis, and osteomyelitis. The most common forms of musculoskeletal disease that occur in HIV patients are arthralgias and frank arthritis. A table provides selected features of musculoskeletal manifestations in HIV disease.
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PMID:Musculoskeletal manifestations of HIV disease. 1136 5

For patients that present with musculoskeletal symptoms, diagnostic procedures carried out by physicians and rheumatologists are primarily aimed at confirming or excluding the occurrence of primary rheumatic diseases. Another important trigger for musculoskeletal disease, however, is the presence of a tumour. Careful clinical investigation and knowledge of the gestalt of musculoskeletal syndromes related to respective tumour entities is of utmost importance for the diagnosis of paraneoplastic rheumatic diseases such as hypertrophic osteoarthropathy, paraneoplastic polyarthritis, RS3PE syndrome, palmar fasciitis and polyarthritis, cancer-associated myositis and tumour-induced osteomalacia. This places great responsibility on rheumatologists in diagnosing malignancies and referring the patient for effective treatment. The selective influence of tumours on musculoskeletal tissue is surprising and indicates that tumours alter tissues such as the periosteum, synovial membrane, subcutaneous connective tissue, fascia, muscles and bones by specific molecular processes. Some of the underlying mechanisms have been unravelled, providing valuable information on the physiologic and pathophysiologic roles of mediators such as vascular endothelial growth factor and fibroblast growth factor 23.
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PMID:Paraneoplastic syndromes in rheumatology. 2513 82

Mosquito-borne viruses can cause severe inflammatory diseases and there are limited therapeutic solutions targeted specifically at virus-induced inflammation. Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), a re-emerging alphavirus responsible for several outbreaks worldwide in the past decade, causes debilitating joint inflammation and severe pain. Here, we show that CHIKV infection activates the NLRP3 inflammasome in humans and mice. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells isolated from CHIKV-infected patients showed elevated NLRP3, caspase-1 and interleukin-18 messenger RNA expression and, using a mouse model of CHIKV infection, we found that high NLRP3 expression was associated with peak inflammatory symptoms. Inhibition of NLRP3 activation using the small-molecule inhibitor MCC950 resulted in reduced CHIKV-induced inflammation and abrogated osteoclastogenic bone loss and myositis, but did not affect in vivo viral replication. Mice treated with MCC950 displayed lower expression levels of the cytokines interleukin-6, chemokine ligand 2 and tumour necrosis factor in joint tissue. Interestingly, MCC950 treatment abrogated disease signs in mice infected with a related arthritogenic alphavirus, Ross River virus, but not in mice infected with West Nile virus-a flavivirus. Here, using mouse models of alphavirus-induced musculoskeletal disease, we demonstrate that NLRP3 inhibition in vivo can reduce inflammatory pathology and that further development of therapeutic solutions targeting inflammasome function could help treat arboviral diseases.
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PMID:Specific inhibition of NLRP3 in chikungunya disease reveals a role for inflammasomes in alphavirus-induced inflammation. 2884 30