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Query: UMLS:C0027121 (myositis)
 4,538 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Primary suppurative myositis is rare in the United States when compared with the incidence of disease in the tropics. Clinically, it may mimic many of the more common diseases, such as hematoma, osteomyelitis, arthritis, or appendiceal abscess. It usually has a benign course, with complete recovery after appropriate treatment. Prolonged morbidity and an increased mortality may result from unfamiliarity with this entity. Six children had primary suppurative myositis; one died as a result of perforation of a psoas abscess into the dural sac causing staphylococcal meningitis.
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PMID:Primary suppurative myositis in children. 42 41

Although the first Aeromonas strain was described by Zimmermann as early as in 1890, it took 60 years until Caselitz established human pathogenicity of strains then called "Vibrio jamaicensis". Since then, and especially in the last 10 years, there have been increasing numbers of reports on different infections caused by members of the genus Aeromonas. These include sepsis; meningitis; cellulitis; necrotizing fasciitis; ecthyma gangrenosum; pneumonia; peritonitis; conjunctivitis; corneal ulcer; endophthalmitis; osteomyelitis; suppurative arthritis; myositis; subphrenic abscess; liver abscess; cholecystitis and/or ascending cholangitis; urinary tract infection; endocarditis; ear, nose, and throat infections; balanitis; etc. The role of Aeromonas in gastrointestinal disease is very controversial. Increasing epidemiological data suggest that these organisms play a major role in enteric infections, but so far enteropathogenicity has not been demonstrable in experiments where volunteers were given high numbers of Aeromonas possessing different virulence factors. Virulence factors include hemolysin(s), enterotoxin(s), hemagglutinins, invasivity, and others; but these are not found more frequently in strains isolated from patients with diarrhea than from healthy controls. Whether there is a correlation between species and disease remains to be elucidated and requires more information about the taxonomy of this genus.
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PMID:Aeromonas as a human pathogen. 264 16

Twenty-nine cases of Clostridium chauvoei infection in cattle were investigated over a two-year period. Fourteen had lesions of myositis only, eight had lesions of both myositis and fibrinous pericarditis, six had lesions of fibrinous pericarditis only and one had lesions of purulent meningitis only. Cl chauvoei was identified in all the lesions using the fluorescent antibody technique.
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PMID:Pathological changes in the pericardium and meninges of cattle associated with Clostridium chauvoei. 395 70

This review summarizes those neurological diseases which are accompanied by a drooping of the upper lid, due to weakness of the m. levator palpebrae or m. tarsalis respectively. After connatal ptosis with or without involvement of other bulbar muscles the different types of muscular dystrophies are mentioned. Myositis, disturbances of potassium regulation and myasthenia gravis are other causes of ptosis. Diseases involving the oculomotor nerve (aneurysm, upper herniation, cavernous sinus thrombosis, orbital cavity processes, superior orbital fissure syndrome) may lead to associated ptosis. Metabolic disturbances, such as diabetes mellitus, Wernicke's encephalopathy and botulism may be accompanied by ptosis. Infectious diseases such as polyneuritis, meningitis or encephalitis can lead to ptosis. Sympatholytic ptosis is due to diseases of the central or peripheral course of the sympathetic nerve from the diencephalon via the cervical medulla, the neck, internal carotid artery to the superior orbital fissure. This type of ptosis is usually accompanied by miosis and often by sweating loss on the same side.
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PMID:[Ptosis in the differential diagnosis of neurologic diseases]. 640 79

The protean manifestations of Legionnaires' disease are described in an analysis of 12 sporadic cases. Two forms of the disease have been delineated. One variant (Group A) consisted of six patients who had a mild form of non-progressive pneumonia with minimum extra-pulmonary involvement. Six patients (Group B) were differentiated by rapidly progressive pulmonary infiltrates, severe hypoxia and respiratory failure, plus a higher frequency of band neutrophils and extra-pulmonary manifestations. Particularly notable were evidence of severe myositis (elevated creatinine phosphokinase and lactate dehydrogenase), anaemia, and neurological findings which included alterations in the sensorium, meningitis, and convulsions. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) abnormalities were seen frequently in patients with neurological manifestations, and necropsy findings in one patient suggested that the Legionnaires' bacillus was capable of producing a fatal leucoencephalitis. Renal findings included haematuria, proteinuria and oliguric renal failure. Hepatic transaminases (SGPT, SGOT) were elevated in six patients and serum bilirubin was abnormal in five. Alkaline phosphatase values were normal to minimally elevated. The gastrointestinal symptoms commonly considered to be a frequent initial manifestation of Legionnaires' disease were rare in this series. Recommendations for instituting empirical therapy, based upon recognition of a clinical syndrome which should suggest the diagnosis of Legionnaires' disease, are included.
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PMID:The protean manifestations of Legionnaires' disease. 663 Oct 29

In clinical practice herpes zoster infections are common. The cause is the reactivation of the herpes varicella virus that persists in the sensory ganglia after an earlier primary infection with shingles. There are several neurological complications such as meningitis, ventriculitis, encephalitis, myelitis, cerebral angiitis, myositis, paresis of motor nerves, acute polyneuritis, and most commonly post-zoster neuralgia. A proposed reason for these complications is the direct infiltration of the virus or a hematogenous infection. Some of the complications can be treated symptomatically such as post-zoster neuralgia and the occurrence of certain complications that can be prevented by the right choice of acute therapy.
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PMID:[Herpes zoster: follow-up, complications and therapy]. 880 7

Six groups of six pregnant ewes each were inoculated with 170,000 or 1,700,000 tachyzoites of Neospora caninum on gestation day 65, 90, or 120. All ewes seroconverted, and none showed signs of illness other than abortion. Regardless of the inoculum dose, all ewes inoculated on gestation day 65 aborted; ewes inoculated on gestation day 90 aborted, gave birth to weak lambs, or gave birth to clinically normal lambs; and all ewes inoculated on gestation day 120 gave birth to clinically normal lambs. Using an immunohistological procedure that stains bradyzoites, we observed protozoal cysts in brains of 11 of 29 (38%) aborted fetuses, in one of four (25%) weak lambs, and in seven of 18 (39%) clinically normal lambs. Cysts were not observed in extraneural tissues from two clinically normal lambs that had cysts in the brain. No evidence of infection was observed in tissues of five ewes examined using an immunohistological procedure that stains N. caninum tachyzoites and bradyzoites. Multifocal nonsuppurative encephalitis was observed in 46 of 51 (90%) aborted, weak, or clinically normal lambs. Cerebral necrosis, dystrophic mineralization, and meningitis were also commonly identified in live and aborted lambs (even when severely autolyzed). Nonsuppurative, necrotizing placentitis was observed in 15 of 17 (88%) placentas. Nonsuppurative myositis was common in fetuses but not in live lambs. Inflammation occurred less frequently in liver and lung. Clinical and pathological features of neosporosis in sheep closely resemble those of bovine neosporosis and ovine toxoplasmosis. Although abortion caused by naturally occurring neosporosis in sheep has not been reported, diagnosticians should carefully distinguish between neosporosis and toxoplasmosis in cases of ovine protozoal abortion unless future investigations exclude the likelihood of naturally acquired neosporosis in sheep.
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PMID:Experimental neosporosis in pregnant ewes and their offspring. 895 23

A 46-year-old man who had been suffering from palmoplantar pustulosis (PPP) for 3 years had anterior chest pain and left temporal pain from six months after the onset of his disease. A bone scan revealed abnormal uptake at the sternoclavicular joint and left temporal region. The head CT and MRI gave the diagnosis of temporal osteomyelitis with meningitis and myositis. His headache continued even after tonsillectomy and was effectively treated with cyclosporine A (3 mg/kg/day). Oral cyclosporine A was beneficial for the osteomyelitis and skin lesions. Sterile lytic bone lesions occurring most often at the sternocostoclavicular joint have been associated with PPP. However, there have been no reports of a PPP patient with temporal osteomyelytic involvement.
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PMID:Palmoplantar pustulosis with pustulotic arthroosteitis involving temporal osteomyelitis and meningitis. 1082 92

This paper lists the pathological findings and causes of mortality of 93 sea turtles (88 Caretta caretta, 3 Chelonia mydas, and 2 Dermochelys coriacea) stranded on the coasts of the Canary Islands between January 1998 and December 2001. Of these, 25 (26.88%) had died of spontaneous diseases including different types of pneumonia, hepatitis, meningitis, septicemic processes and neoplasm. However, 65 turtles (69.89%) had died from lesions associated with human activities such as boat-strike injuries (23.66%), entanglement in derelict fishing nets (24.73%), ingestion of hooks and monofilament lines (19.35%), and crude oil ingestion (2.15%). Traumatic ulcerative skin lesions were the most common gross lesions, occurring in 39.78% of turtles examined, and being associated with Aeromonas hydrophila, Vibrio alginolyticus and Staphylococcus spp. infections. Pulmonary edema (15.05%), granulomatous pneumonia (12.90%) and exudative bronchopneumonia (7.53%) were the most frequently detected respiratory lesions. Different histological types of nephritis included chronic interstitial nephritis, granulomatous nephritis and perinephric abscesses, affecting 13 turtles (13.98%). Ulcerative and fibrinous esophagitis and traumatic esophageal perforation were the most frequently observed lesions in the esophagus, being associated in the majority of the cases with ingestion of fishing hooks. Larval nematodes of the Anisakidae family caused gastritis in 15 turtles (16.13%). Necrotizing and/or granulomatous hepatitis were the lesions most commonly observed in the liver (27.95%). Traumatic lesions included necrotizing myositis (10.75%) mainly caused by entanglement in fishing nets or boat-strikes, and amputation of 1 or 2 flippers (25.81%) by netting. Traumatic erosions and/or fractures of the carapace/plastron mainly caused by boat-strikes were also observed (26.88%). Eye lesions included heterophilic keratoconjunctivitis, ulcerative keratitis and heterophilic scleritis, affecting 7 turtles (7.53%).
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PMID:Diseases and causes of mortality among sea turtles stranded in the Canary Islands, Spain (1998-2001). 1575 96

The New Zealand sea lion is a threatened species and two unusual events contributed to a decrease in recruitment in 2002. The first was a marked reduction (20%) in the number of pups born at the principal Auckland Island rookeries. Secondly, the mortality rate for pups was significantly elevated and was 33% by the end of February, almost three times the mean for that time of the year. Counts of females at rookeries indicated that the lowered fecundity was possibly due to a scarcity of food resources, supported by the fact that male pups (n=50) in 2002 grew poorly with the lightest recorded liveweights for the previous 8 years. Lowered fecundity may also have resulted from infection leading to foetal death, seen in an adult by-catch female, or abortion. Necropsies were conducted on 126/133 pups that died at Sandy Bay and for many the cause of death was multifactorial and included stillbirth, trauma, malnutrition, and severe anaemia caused by hookworm (Uncinaria spp) infection. An unusual disease presentation seen for the first time in 2002 was characterised by systemic bacterial infection that caused suppurative polyarthritis, severe necrotising fasciitis, myositis and osteomyelitis, suppurative peritonitis, pleuritis, or meningitis. For 41 pups, this syndrome was the primary cause of death and for an additional 16 it was a contributing factor along with hookworm infection or trauma. A consistent isolate has been Klebsiella pneumoniae with frequent isolations of Salmonella spp.
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PMID:New Zealand sea lion (Phocarctos hookeri) epidemic 2002 (abstract). 1603 96


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