Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027121 (myositis)
 4,538 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Sixteen multiparous Holstein cows were allotted randomly to four groups of four cows each. Cows in 1 and 2 were uninfected. Those in 3 received 60,000 and those in 4 received 120,000 Sarcocystis bovicanis sporocysts per os approximately 30 days before the expected onset of lactation to produce nonclinical and clinical infections in 3 and 4, respectively. Combined stresses of infection, parturition, lactation, and high ambient temperatures caused all infected cows to develop clinical illness. Clinical signs included fever, anemia, glossitis, myositis, nasal discharge, hypersalivation, anorexia, and hind limb weakness; two cows died and two others were killed in extremis. Six cows in 3 and 4 developed high Sarcocystis-specific immunoglobulin G1 antibody. Uninfected control cows had no clinical signs and no rising concentrations of antibody against Sarcocystis antigen. When lactation began, cows were milked twice daily, and milk production was recorded for 70 consecutive days. All sarcocystis-infected cows (3 and 4) decreased feed intake and milk production compared with uninfected controls. The Wisconsin Mastitis Test on milk production compared with uninfected controls. The Wisconsin Mastitis Test on milk samples at 1, 2, 4, 8, and 12 wk of lactation did not differ among groups.
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PMID:Effects of sarcocystosis on milk production of dairy cows. 640 75

Encephalitis, lymphoid tissue depletion and secondary infections occurred over a 5-yr-period in Holstein cows infected with bovine immunodeficiency virus (BIV). There were 59 cattle studied, the majority during 1991, when a severe environmental stress occurred, each with one or more primary causes of death, natural or by euthanasia, and most with several secondary diseases. The encephalitis was characterized by meningeal, perivascular and parenchymal infiltration with lymphocytes, occasional plasma cells and macrophages with perivascular edema in some cows. Affected areas included the cerebrum, cerebellum, and spinal cord with no particular distribution pattern recognized. The lymphoid depletion was primarily an absence of follicular development in nodes draining regions with secondary infections such as chronic mastitis and chronic suppurative pododermatitis. Paucity of lymphocytes in thymic-dependent regions of lymph nodes and the spleen suggested a primary depletion of T cells. Secondary infections were often multiple with each cow having several minor conditions, usually considered short-term and treatable. These included mastitis and pododermatitis, with many cows having non-responding abscesses, cellulitis and myositis attributed to injection site infections. A large number of the cattle had parturition difficulties such as dystocia, obturator paralysis, and metritis. Pulmonary, cardiovascular, and intestinal disease were recognized as both primary and secondary disease conditions. There was a high level of infection with bovine leukemia virus with 4 of the 59 cattle having lymphosarcoma. Under practical conditions, the infection with BIV has a different effect on the host than has been observed under experimental conditions. The presence of BIV combined with the stresses associated with parturition and a modern dairy production system were considered causal for the development of untreatable secondary diseases in immunocompromised cattle. The peak incidence in 1991 was attributed to increased environmental stress during renovation of the barn facility. During this time the cattle were kept on open pasture, exposed to an extremely wet winter, and spring weather conditions. The effect of co-infection with bovine leukemia virus, the influence of immunocompromise on the chronicity of mastitis, the relationship with laminitis and pododermatitis, and several questions related to viral transmission, complementarism with bovine leukemia virus, viral reactivation and immunoprophylaxis all remain as viable avenues for future investigations.
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PMID:Encephalitis, lymphoid tissue depletion and secondary diseases associated with bovine immunodeficiency virus in a dairy herd. 881 74