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Query: UMLS:C0027121 (myositis)
 4,538 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Pulmonary manifestations contribute significantly to the morbidity and mortality of the idiopathic inflammatory myopathies, ranging from intrinsic lung disease to secondary complications that include aspiration pneumonia, opportunistic infection, congestive heart failure, and hypoventilation. Newer classification schemes for interstitial lung disease have permitted closer correlation between histologic subtype and clinical outcome, while diagnostic techniques such as bronchoalveolar lavage have begun to define the cellular elements responsible for immune-mediated pulmonary dysfunction. Investigators have identified several serum markers correlating with inflammatory disease activity in the lung that should enhance noninvasive monitoring of therapeutic responses to newer regimens involving agents such as cyclosporine and tacrolimus. Taken together, these advances have contributed to better understanding of the immunopathogenesis of myositis-associated interstitial lung disease that should ultimately translate into more effective treatment.
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PMID:Pulmonary complications of inflammatory myopathy. 1221 46

A male fennec fox (Fennecus zerda) kit was examined for lethargy, inappetence, and weight loss. Clinical findings included respiratory distress, a gallop rhythm, and retinochoroiditis. Radiography indicated pleural effusion and cardiomegaly. Echocardiographic findings included left ventricular dilatation, low left ventricular ejection fraction, and atrioventricular valvular regurgitation. Necropsy findings were compatible with a diagnosis of congestive heart failure caused by myocarditis. Histopathology showed a disseminated infection with Toxoplasma gondii causing myocarditis, skeletal polymyositis, gastrointestinal myositis, and panuveitis. Toxoplasma-induced myocarditis should be included in the differential diagnosis of heart failure and retinochoroiditis in the fennec fox.
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PMID:Heart failure caused by toxoplasmosis in a fennec fox (Fennecus zerda). 1553 72

Idiopathic giant cell myocarditis is a rare and frequently fatal inflammatory heart disease which leads to congestive heart failure or ventricular arrhythmias. It is often associated with other autoimmune disorders. We report a 39-year-old woman who first presented with diplopia and painful eye movements, the typical clinical picture of orbital myositis. Shortly afterwards, she developed rapidly progressive congestive heart failure due to giant cell myocarditis, which took a fatal course within some weeks. Autopsy confirmed both disorders. This case report underlines the importance of early and repeated monitoring of cardiac function, if orbital myositis is suspected, in order to consider cardiac transplantation, the only efficacious treatment of giant cell myocarditis, in time.
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PMID:[Diplopia and cardiogenic shock]. 1590 79

The clinical cardiac manifestations most frequently reported in idiopathic inflammatory myopathies, myositis, are congestive heart failure, conduction abnormalities, that may lead to complete heart block and coronary artery disease. Although clinically overt cardiac involvement is rarely reported in myositis patients, subclinical manifestations are frequently observed and are predominated by conduction abnormalities and arrhythmias detected by ECG. Furthermore, cardiovascular manifestations constitute a major cause of death in myositis, thus cardiac involvement maybe overlooked in these patients. Also children with juvenile dermatomyositis may develop cardiac involvement although the frequency seems to be low. The underlying pathophysiologic mechanisms that may cause cardiac manifestations could involve myocarditis and coronary artery disease as well as involvement of the small vessels of the myocardium. In patients with mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD) clinically significant cardiac involvement is also rare, the most frequently reported manifestations being pericarditis and pulmonary hypertension, the latter often attributable to small vessel disease, and often a prognostic unfavourable manifestation.
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PMID:Cardiac involvement in autoimmune myositis and mixed connective tissue disease. 1621 72

We present a patient with previously diagnosed hypocomplementemic urticarial vasculitis syndrome, with skin, lung, and renal involvement, who presented with congestive cardiac failure. During the course of her hospitalization, she was also found to have profound proximal muscle weakness in both upper and lower limbs associated with raised creatinine kinase levels. A muscle biopsy was performed, which demonstrated evidence of an inflammatory myositis with vasculitis, which had returned despite on-going immunosuppression. This occurrence of a new autoimmune disease may well be an example of the "waste disposal" hypothesis.
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PMID:Inflammatory myositis complicating hypocomplementemic urticarial vasculitis despite on-going immunosuppression. 1694 70

Cardiovascular manifestations constitute a major cause of death in myositis. Despite this, clinically manifest cardiac involvement in polymyositis and dermatomyositis is relatively rare. In contrast, subclinical manifestations are frequently reported and are predominated by conduction abnormalities and arrhythmias detected by ECG. The most frequently reported clinically overt manifestations are congestive heart failure, conduction abnormalities, that may lead to complete heart block, and coronary artery disease. The underlying pathophysiological mechanisms that may cause cardiac manifestations involve myocarditis and coronary artery disease as well as involvement of the small vessels of the myocardium.
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PMID:The heart in dermatomyositis and polymyositis. 1698 Jul 18

Giant cell myocarditis is a rare but often fatal form of myocarditis that often requires cardiac transplantation and has been associated with autoimmune diseases. We describe a 14-year-old female who developed painful proptosis and was diagnosed clinically and histologically with orbital myositis that improved with corticosteroid therapy. Approximately 2 months later, she developed abdominal pain, vomiting, weight gain, and fatigue. She was diagnosed with congestive heart failure and cardiomyopathy, and endomyocardial biopsy revealed giant cell myocarditis. She was treated with immunosuppressive agents and has responded well, without the need for cardiac transplantation. Three previous case reports have described an association between giant cell myocarditis and orbital myositis, but we present the first pediatric case report. We conclude that if orbital myositis is diagnosed in a patient, regardless of age, cardiac function should be closely monitored to detect myocarditis, which may affect the overall outcome.
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PMID:Pediatric giant cell myocarditis and orbital myositis. 1908 9

Pulmonary ossification is an idiopathic disorder that presents with the formation of mature bone in the pulmonary parenchyma. This is a very rare entity that occurs in conjunction with busulfan therapy as well as with a number of diseases including chronic bronchitis, cystic fibrosis, congestive heart failure, myositis ossificans, and idiopathic interstitial fibrosis. It is usually seen in older age groups. We present a 4-year-old boy with massive ossification secondary to recurrent aspiration pneumonia. This is the first reported case of pulmonary ossification secondary to recurrent aspiration, and the first case in a child.
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PMID:Massive pulmonary ossification due to recurrent aspiration pneumonia. 1972 70

We report the autopsy results of a patient with systemic sclerosis with myositis lesions in the skeletal muscles and myocardium. A 69-year-old Japanese woman developed congestive heart failure and died due to respiratory failure with restrictive hypoventilation. The heart at autopsy showed dilated ventricular hypertrophy, and histopathology of the heart exhibited diffuse replacement fibrosis resembling the lesion of ischemic heart diseases in addition to patchy fibrosis around myocardial fibers suggesting post-myocarditis-like fibrosis.
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PMID:Systemic sclerosis presented as congestive heart failure: an autopsy case. 2126 87

Systemic sclerosis (SS) can involve the pericardium, myocardium, conduction system, and cardiac valves. The presence of overt clinical signs of cardiac disease is a poor prognostic sign. Clinical manifestations include dyspnea, palpitations, chest pain, syncope, and symptoms of right heart failure. Prevalence of clinically symptomatic pericardial disease is 5-16%. However, ecocardiographic prevalence is 5.4- 41% and at autopsy is 33-77.5%. Patchy fibrosis is the characteristic myocardial finding in SS. Contraction band necrosis is the typical pathological finding. Important complications of fibrosis include left ventricular hypertrophy, as well as systolic and diastolic dysfunction of both ventricles. Early detection of these abnormalities is very important, mainly of the diastolic dysfunction, since it occurs before the systolic dysfunction and can predict important cardiac damage. Association of skeletal myositis with myocardial disease has been described. Patients with skeletal myositis are more likely to develop congestive heart failure, sustained symptomatic arrythmias, and cardiac sudden death. Coronary arteries are normal in systemic sclerosis, but there is no endomyocardial vessel involvement. There is an increased prevalence of arrhytmias, mainly premature atrial and ventricular contractions, as well as conduction system disease. Cardiac valvular involvement is minor in systemic sclerosis; mitral valve is the most frequently affected. Other abnormalities described in this disease include peripheral large vessels stiffness and secondary cardiac involvement due to pulmonary and systemic arterial hypertension. Cardiac involvement confers a high morbi-mortality risk in systemic sclerosis.
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PMID:[Cardiac involvement in systemic sclerosis]. 2179 85


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