Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0027121 (myositis)
 4,538 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A 27-year-old woman had a two-week course of acute painful right proptosis with ptosis, medial conjunctival injection, and restriction of eye movements--particularly abduction. One month later, a similar remitting painful left proptosis with complete limitation of abduction developed. Computerized tomographic x-ray scanning showed marked contrast enhancement of both medial rectus muscles, documenting the presumptive diagnosis of acute orbital myositis without recourse to invasive diagnostic techniques. Myositis is a common component of idiopathic orbital inflammatory disease (orbital pseudotumor), but awareness of the rare patient with acute inflammation clinically localized to the extraocular muscles will decrease confusion with cranial nerve and cavernous sinus disease.
 ...
PMID:Alternating proptosis. A case report of acute orbital myositis defined by the computerized tomographic scan. 19 45

Tolosa-Hunt syndrome and orbital myositis have common features such as ocular pain, ophthalmoplegia and exophthalmos. Both syndromes are thought to be caused by a granulomatous inflammation involving the cavernous sinus area in the former and the orbital cavity in the latter. The question whether these two conditions represent different presentations of a single disease, or they belong to different entities has not been settled. To address this question, we reviewed our cases having clinical diagnosis of either Tolosa-Hunt syndrome or orbital myositis. Six cases were diagnosed as Tolosa-Hunt syndrome, and 7 orbital myositis. In the thin-slice enlarged orbital CT, hypertrophic and high-density changes of at least one of the extraocular muscles were found in all cases with orbital myositis, but in none of the patients with Tolosa-Hunt syndrome. The age of onset was younger and the duration of the disease before admission was shorter in Tolosa-Hunt syndrome. They responded to steroid therapy better than those with orbital myositis. These findings lead us to conclude that Tolosa-Hunt syndrome and orbital myositis belong to different syndromes, although clinical manifestations have many similarities. Then we studied the relationship between the hypertrophic change of the extraocular muscle and the direction of the oculomotor restriction. For this purpose four additional cases with dysthyroid ophthalmopathy were also studied. We found that the presence of hypertrophic change was frequently associated with the restriction of ocular movement to the direction not only of the hypertrophic muscle but also of the opposite muscle.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:[Clinical and neuroradiological studies on orbital myositis and Tolosa-Hunt syndrome]. 142 37

A 57-year-old man presented with proptosis of the right eye and findings consistent with bilateral angle-closure glaucoma. Subsequent evaluation revealed severe bilateral uveal effusions and associated nonrhegmatogenous retinal detachments, which were felt to be related to orbital pseudotumour and associated scleritis. Hematologic studies were consistent with a diagnosis of myelodysplastic syndrome. Although myelodysplastic syndrome has been reported in one patient with orbital inflammation and myositis, to our knowledge ciliochoroidal effusion and secondary angle closure have not previously been reported in myelodysplastic syndrome.
 ...
PMID:Angle-closure glaucoma as initial presentation of myelodysplastic syndrome. 224 68

We examined two patients with acute orbital myositis associated with orbital hemorrhage and eyelid ecchymosis. Both patients were young women (aged 22 and 30 years) who had painful proptosis, diplopia, and computed tomographic evidence of single extraocular muscle involvement with spillover of inflammatory edema into the adjacent orbital fat. Patient 1 showed contralateral preseptal eyelid inflammation and did not suffer an orbital hemorrhage until after an episode of vomiting. In Patient 2, the diagnosis of occult orbital varix was initially considered but an orbital exploration and a biopsy specimen showed no vascular anomaly. Both patients were treated successfully with high-dose systemic corticosteroids. Some cases of idiopathic orbital inflammation may be related to preexisting vascular anomalies or orbital phlebitis.
 ...
PMID:Orbital hemorrhage and eyelid ecchymosis in acute orbital myositis. 291 3

Orbital myositis implies orbital inflammation confined to one or more of the extraocular muscles. Orbital computerised tomography (CT) demonstrates irregular extraocular muscle enlargement which extends anteriorly to involve the tendon (muscle insertion). Six cases of presumed orbital myositis are reported, in each of whom the diagnosis was suspected clinically and confirmed by the orbital CT scan appearances. The mean age of the patients was 33 years (range 8-45 years). All presented with painful ophthalmoplegia and the majority manifested proptosis (five cases), conjunctival congestion (five cases) and periorbital and eyelid edema (two cases). Systemic corticosteroid therapy was used in two patients initially and also in another patient who relapsed, with rapid and dramatic responses. Extraocular muscle biopsy was performed in one case, disclosing features of non-specific muscle inflammation and no evidence of vasculitis. It is considered that orbital myositis is a discrete, identifiable subgroup within the spectrum of the nonspecific idiopathic orbital inflammatory syndromes; termed previously orbital 'pseudotumours'. Although the clinical features are frequently suggestive, they are nonspecific, and non-invasive investigations such as orbital ultra-sonography and CT scanning are required for precise anatomical tissue localisation and diagnosis. The role of ocular muscle biopsy is probably limited to atypical cases, or those unresponsive to steroid therapy, particularly to exclude neoplasia. Orbital myositis may be acute, subacute or recurrent. The acute form responds well to high doses of oral corticosteroids tapered gradually, but it may recur or become chronic. The subacute form of the disease responds less well.
 ...
PMID:Orbital myositis: a study of six cases. 332 76

Lymphoid masses can be centered predominantly within an extraocular muscle (EOM), as exemplified by computed tomography (CT) scanning and biopsy confirmation in the seven cases reported in this study. In these patients, an insidious and painless onset of exophthalmos was overshadowed by ptosis or a motility disturbance (particularly limited upgaze) in the absence of chemosis and lid erythema. The lesions were located in the superior rectus-levator complex (6 cases) and in the medial rectus muscle (1 case). One patient, with an exclusive infiltration of the levator, had a complete ptosis, whereas four others had a partial ptosis. Important clinical clues included palpable masses (4 cases) and preserved downward gaze (all cases), the latter suggesting the absence of fibrotic restriction, as is often seen in Graves' myopathy and the idiopathic myositis of pseudotumor. The biopsy specimens showed spill-over of the hypercellular and stroma-free lymphoid tissue into the orbital fat (all cases) and into the lacrimal gland (3 cases). Full extraocular motility on upgaze was restored after local orbital radiotherapy, although a residual ptosis persisted in five cases. Five patients had well-differentiated lesions and nonocular disease did not develop, whereas a widespread disease developed in one of two patients with a cytologically malignant lymphoma; the patient eventually died.
 ...
PMID:Orbital lymphoid tumors located predominantly within extraocular muscles. 362 18

Ocular muscle diseases fall into two distinct groups: acute or subacute exophthalmic myositis and chronic oligosymptomatic myositis. The diagnosis can only be established with certainty by means of B-scan sonography and CT scanning; these examinations demonstrate the irregular thickening of one or several eye muscles. The disease is apparently primitive; in some cases concomitant autoimmune factors may be found. The course is spontaneous, with continual recurrence, and may have sequelae in the form of a definitive exophthalmos or an acquired retraction syndrome. It responds remarkably well to corticotherapy and, if necessary, immunosuppressors; in general, these lead to rapid and - if treatment is started in time - total regression of the disease.
 ...
PMID:[Acute and chronic orbital myositis]. 404 52

Thirteen patients complained of recent fluctuating aching of one orbit, punctuated by stabbing pains. All had exquisite point tenderness over the trochlea and in half of the patients the pain was aggravated by eye movement. Standardized A-scan echography demonstrated swelling of the peritrochlear tissue and thickening of the superior oblique muscle with low internal acoustic reflectivity, typical of myositis. CT scan showed a soft tissue density in the region of the trochlea. Biopsy, performed on two patients, revealed peri-trochlear inflammation. In all patients the symptoms resolved within a period of weeks or months: indomethacin or naproxen were not effective, but oral or locally injected corticosteroids shortened the course compared to no treatment. None of the patients had ptosis, proptosis, Brown's syndrome, or a click, nor did they have echographic or radiographic signs of sinusitis or inflammation away from the trochlea. This probably represents a highly localized subtype of idiopathic orbital inflammation ("pseudotumor").
 ...
PMID:Trochleitis with superior oblique myositis. 638 70

A 39-year-old man with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) experienced three episodes of acute orbital inflammation, a primary feature of each being a markedly enlarged extraocular muscle (myositis). The muscles of the upper trunk were concomitantly inflamed, and full-thickness skin and muscle biopsy specimens demonstrated an inflammatory myositis. The case demonstrates that orbital proptosis and extraocular myositis can be features of SLE.
 ...
PMID:Orbital inflammation, myositis, and systemic lupus erythematosus. 684 61

Of 12 consecutive patients (nine women and three men ranging in age from 18 to 70 years) with orbital myositis, four had histories of ocular or systemic autoimmune disease. Five patients treated within two weeks of developing acute orbital pain and extraocular muscle dysfunction were classified as having acute myositis. They responded to corticosteroids within 72 hours although three had single recurrences during six- to 16-month follow-up periods. No patients were heterotropic or proptotic at the final examination. Seven patients with less severe or atypical symptoms who had delays of two or more months between onset and treatment were classified as having subacute myositis. All had recurrences with five having two or more. Three required supplemental radiation therapy during seven- to 20-month follow-up periods. At the final examinations, six patients had motility defects and one had proptosis, indicating that delays in treatment may lead to recurrences, extraocular muscle dysfunction, and proptosis.
 ...
PMID:Acute and subacute orbital myositis. 688 Dec 44


1 2 3 4 5 6 Next >>